Research Article
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The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Management and Health Services: A Case of Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: Special Issue, 61 - 70, 30.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.860733

Abstract

Aim: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global issue that every country has begun to change its economic and social policies due to sustaining public health in the long term. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services in Turkey.
Material and Methods: This study follows a qualitative research methodology and used secondary data sources. The study used open access data based on The Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) and the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. Data were analyzed by Qualitative Content Analysis.
Results: According to the findings obtained, the study provides two main parts as findings. First, the study presents a current profile for the Turkish health sector including 2010-2019. Secondly, the study provides key elements indicating the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services in Turkey. With the help of classification, tables, and figures, the study provides original findings for the area of health management by giving what kinds of changes have occurred in health policies during COVID-19.
Conclusion: When considering the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services in Turkey, it can be said that Turkey has managed this pandemic period sufficiently. As a sample case, Turkish health policies and new management strategies can guide other developing and developed countries that were unsuccessful to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. This study shows that adaptable and sustainable health policies will keep public health in the long term.

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References

  • Benson L. Healthcare systems: an overview of health service provision and service delivery. In: Walshe K, Smith J, editors. Healthcare management. London: Open University Press; 2006. p.53-72.
  • Zwetsloot G, Pot F. The business value of health management. J Bus Ethics. 2004;55(2):115-24.
  • McBride A, Hyde P. Human resource management in healthcare. In: Walshe K, Smith J, editors. Healthcare management. London: Open University Press; 2006. p.237-52.
  • Gapenski LC, Pink GH. Understanding healthcare financial management. 5th ed. Chicago: Health Administration Press; 2007.
  • Robinson S. Financing healthcare: funding systems and healthcare costs. In: Walshe K, Smith J, editors. Healthcare management. London: Open University Press; 2006. p.32-52.
  • McCaffrey JJ, Hagg-Rickert S. Development of a risk management program. In: Carroll RL, editor. Risk management handbook for health care organizations. 4th ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2004. p.95-118.
  • Marin-Garcia JA, Garcia-Sabater JP, Ruiz A, Maheut J, Garcia-Sabater JJ. Operations Management at the service of health care management: Example of a proposal for action research to plan and schedule health resources in scenarios derived from the COVID-19 outbreak. J Ind Eng Manag. 2020;13(2):213-27.
  • Nembhard IM, Burns LR, Shortell SM. Responding to COVID-19: Lessons from management research. NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv. 2020;[Published online]. doi: 10.1056/CAT.20.0111.
  • Tengilimoğlu D, Zekioğlu A, Tosun N, Işık O, Tengilimoğlu O. Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic period on depression, anxiety and stress levels of the healthcare employees in Turkey. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2021;48:101811.
  • Wood RM, McWilliams CJ, Thomas MJ, Bourdeaux CP, Vasilakis C. COVID-19 scenario modelling for the mitigation of capacity-dependent deaths in intensive care. Health Care Manag Sci. 2020;23(3):315-24.
  • Iyengar K, Mabrouk A, Jain VK, Venkatesan A, Vaishya R. Learning opportunities from COVID-19 and future effects on health care system. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5):943-6.
  • Inkster B, O’Brien R, Selby E, Joshi S, Subramanian V, Kadaba M, et al. Digital health management during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: Opportunities, barriers, and recommendations. JMIR Ment Health. 2020;7(7):e19246.
  • Petracca F, Ciani O, Cucciniello M, Tarricone R. Harnessing digital health technologies during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Context matters. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(12):e21815.
  • Pérez Sust P, Solans O, Fajardo JC, Medina Peralta M, Rodenas P, Gabaldà J, et al. Turning the crisis into an opportunity: Digital health strategies deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19106.
  • Zhou X, Snoswell CL, Harding LE, Bambling M, Edirippulige S, Bai X, et al. The role of telehealth in reducing the mental health burden from COVID-19. Telemed J E Health. 2020;26(4), 377-9.
  • Lythgoe MP, Middleton P. Ongoing clinical trials for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2020;41(6):363-82.
  • Yücesan B, Özkan Ö. Evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic process in terms of health management. Eurasian Journal of Health Sciences. 2020;3(Special Issue: COVID-19):134-9.
  • Bielicki JA, Duval X, Gobat N, Goossens H, Koopmans M, Tacconelli E, et al. Monitoring approaches for health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(10):e261-7.
  • Roberton T, Carter ED, Chou VB, Stegmuller AR, Jackson BD, Tam Y, et al. Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study. Lancet Glob Health, 2020;8(7):e901-8.
  • Bartlett DL, Howe JR, Chang G, Crago A, Hogg M, Karakousis G, et al. Management of cancer surgery cases during the COVID-19 pandemic: considerations. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020;27(6):1717-20.
  • Gökmen Kavak D, Öksüz AS, Cengiz C, Kayral İH, Çizmeci Şenel F. The importance of quality and accreditation in health care services in the process of struggle against COVID-19. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(8):1760-70.
  • Elo S, Kääriäinen M, Kanste O, Pölkki T, Utriainen K, Kyngäs H. Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness. SAGE Open. 2014;4(1):1-10.
  • Colorafi KJ, Evans B. Qualitative descriptive methods in health science research. HERD. 2016;9(4):16-25.
  • tuik.gov.tr [Internet]. Turkish Statistical Institute. Health statistics. [Cited: 2021 Jan 05]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=saglik-ve-sosyal-koruma-101&dil=1
  • tuik.gov.tr [Internet]. Turkish Statistical Institute. Health expenditures statistics. [Cited: 2021 Jan 05]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/ GetKategori?p=saglik-ve-sosyal-koruma-101&dil=1
  • tuik.gov.tr [Internet]. Turkish Statistical Institute. Social protection statistics. [Cited: 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/ GetKategori?p=saglik-ve-sosyal-koruma-101&dil=1
  • Koca F. Turkey’s management of COVID-19: Measures and strategies of health policies. Insight Turkey, 2020;22(3):55-65.
  • Demirbilek Y, Pehlivantürk G, Özgüler ZÖ, Meşe EA. COVID-19 outbreak control, example of ministry of health of Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(SI-1):489-94.
  • Kodaz H. Successful treatment strategy of Turkey against COVID-19 outbreak. EJMO. 2020;4(2):177-8.
  • Cakir B. COVID-19 in Turkey: Lessons learned. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2020;10(2):115-7.
  • Sahin D, Tanacan A, Erol SA, Anuk AT, Eyi EGY, Ozgu-Erdinc AS, et al. A pandemic center’s experience of managing pregnant women with COVID‐19 infection in Turkey: A prospective cohort study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020;151(1):74-82.
  • covid19.saglik.gov.tr [Internet]. Republic of Turkey Ministry. COVID-19 information page. [Cited: 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr
  • aa.com.tr [Internet]. Usul AS. Turkey fights COVID-19 with 17 new hospitals. [Cited: 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/health/turkey-fights-covid-19-with-17-new-hospitals/2098332.
  • Yıldırım S, Yıldırım DC, Calıskan H. The influence of health on economic growth from the perspective of sustainable development: a case of OECD countries. World J Entrepreneurship Manag Sustain Dev. 2020;16(3):181-94.
  • tr.undp.org [Internet]. UNPD Turkey. COVID-19 UNDP’s integrated response. [Cited: 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://www.tr.undp.org/content/ turkey/en/home/library/corporatereports/COVID19-Integrated-Response.html
  • Bostancı SH. Sustainability strategies and projects of Turkish municipalities. In: Thomas KD, editor. Handbook of research on sustainable development and economics. Hershey, PA: IGI Global; 2015. p.56-71.

COVID-19 Pandemisinin Sağlık Yönetimi ve Sağlık Hizmetleri Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: Special Issue, 61 - 70, 30.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.860733

Abstract

Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) pandemisinin küresel bir mesele olmasından dolayı, her ülke halk sağlığını uzun vadede koruyabilmek için ekonomik ve sosyal politikalarını değiştirmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 pandemisinin Türkiye’deki sağlık yönetimi ve sağlık hizmetleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, nitel araştırma metodolojisini izlemiş ve ikincil veri kaynaklarını kullanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı'na dayalı olarak açık erişim verileri kullanılmıştır. Veriler Nitel İçerik Analizi ile analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgulara göre, çalışma 2 temel bölümde bulguları sağlamaktadır. İlk olarak, çalışmada 2010-2019 yılları arasını kapsayan dönemler için Türkiye’deki sağlık sektörüne ilişkin güncel bir profil sunmaktadır. İkinci olarak, çalışma, COVID-19 pandemisinin Türkiye’deki sağlık yönetimi ve sağlık hizmetleri üzerindeki etkisini belirleyen temel faktörleri vermektedir. Bu çalışma, sınıflandırma, tablolar ve şekiller yardımıyla, COVID-19 sırasında, sağlık politikalarında meydana gelen değişimleri göstererek, sağlık yönetimi alanı için orijinal bulgular vermektedir.
Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisinin Türkiye’deki sağlık yönetimi ve sağlık hizmetleri üzerindeki etkileri göz önünde alındığında, Türkiye’nin bu süreci uygun şekilde yönettiği söylenebilir. Örnek bir vaka olarak, Türkiye’nin sağlık politikaları ve yeni yönetim stratejileri, COVID-19 pandemi sürecini yönetmede başarısız olan diğer gelişmekte olan ve gelişmiş ülkelere yol gösterebilir. Bu çalışma, uyarlanabilir ve sürdürülebilir sağlık politikalarının uzun vadede halk sağlığını koruyacağını göstermektedir.

Project Number

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References

  • Benson L. Healthcare systems: an overview of health service provision and service delivery. In: Walshe K, Smith J, editors. Healthcare management. London: Open University Press; 2006. p.53-72.
  • Zwetsloot G, Pot F. The business value of health management. J Bus Ethics. 2004;55(2):115-24.
  • McBride A, Hyde P. Human resource management in healthcare. In: Walshe K, Smith J, editors. Healthcare management. London: Open University Press; 2006. p.237-52.
  • Gapenski LC, Pink GH. Understanding healthcare financial management. 5th ed. Chicago: Health Administration Press; 2007.
  • Robinson S. Financing healthcare: funding systems and healthcare costs. In: Walshe K, Smith J, editors. Healthcare management. London: Open University Press; 2006. p.32-52.
  • McCaffrey JJ, Hagg-Rickert S. Development of a risk management program. In: Carroll RL, editor. Risk management handbook for health care organizations. 4th ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2004. p.95-118.
  • Marin-Garcia JA, Garcia-Sabater JP, Ruiz A, Maheut J, Garcia-Sabater JJ. Operations Management at the service of health care management: Example of a proposal for action research to plan and schedule health resources in scenarios derived from the COVID-19 outbreak. J Ind Eng Manag. 2020;13(2):213-27.
  • Nembhard IM, Burns LR, Shortell SM. Responding to COVID-19: Lessons from management research. NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv. 2020;[Published online]. doi: 10.1056/CAT.20.0111.
  • Tengilimoğlu D, Zekioğlu A, Tosun N, Işık O, Tengilimoğlu O. Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic period on depression, anxiety and stress levels of the healthcare employees in Turkey. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2021;48:101811.
  • Wood RM, McWilliams CJ, Thomas MJ, Bourdeaux CP, Vasilakis C. COVID-19 scenario modelling for the mitigation of capacity-dependent deaths in intensive care. Health Care Manag Sci. 2020;23(3):315-24.
  • Iyengar K, Mabrouk A, Jain VK, Venkatesan A, Vaishya R. Learning opportunities from COVID-19 and future effects on health care system. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(5):943-6.
  • Inkster B, O’Brien R, Selby E, Joshi S, Subramanian V, Kadaba M, et al. Digital health management during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: Opportunities, barriers, and recommendations. JMIR Ment Health. 2020;7(7):e19246.
  • Petracca F, Ciani O, Cucciniello M, Tarricone R. Harnessing digital health technologies during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Context matters. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(12):e21815.
  • Pérez Sust P, Solans O, Fajardo JC, Medina Peralta M, Rodenas P, Gabaldà J, et al. Turning the crisis into an opportunity: Digital health strategies deployed during the COVID-19 outbreak JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19106.
  • Zhou X, Snoswell CL, Harding LE, Bambling M, Edirippulige S, Bai X, et al. The role of telehealth in reducing the mental health burden from COVID-19. Telemed J E Health. 2020;26(4), 377-9.
  • Lythgoe MP, Middleton P. Ongoing clinical trials for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2020;41(6):363-82.
  • Yücesan B, Özkan Ö. Evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic process in terms of health management. Eurasian Journal of Health Sciences. 2020;3(Special Issue: COVID-19):134-9.
  • Bielicki JA, Duval X, Gobat N, Goossens H, Koopmans M, Tacconelli E, et al. Monitoring approaches for health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(10):e261-7.
  • Roberton T, Carter ED, Chou VB, Stegmuller AR, Jackson BD, Tam Y, et al. Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study. Lancet Glob Health, 2020;8(7):e901-8.
  • Bartlett DL, Howe JR, Chang G, Crago A, Hogg M, Karakousis G, et al. Management of cancer surgery cases during the COVID-19 pandemic: considerations. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020;27(6):1717-20.
  • Gökmen Kavak D, Öksüz AS, Cengiz C, Kayral İH, Çizmeci Şenel F. The importance of quality and accreditation in health care services in the process of struggle against COVID-19. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(8):1760-70.
  • Elo S, Kääriäinen M, Kanste O, Pölkki T, Utriainen K, Kyngäs H. Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness. SAGE Open. 2014;4(1):1-10.
  • Colorafi KJ, Evans B. Qualitative descriptive methods in health science research. HERD. 2016;9(4):16-25.
  • tuik.gov.tr [Internet]. Turkish Statistical Institute. Health statistics. [Cited: 2021 Jan 05]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=saglik-ve-sosyal-koruma-101&dil=1
  • tuik.gov.tr [Internet]. Turkish Statistical Institute. Health expenditures statistics. [Cited: 2021 Jan 05]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/ GetKategori?p=saglik-ve-sosyal-koruma-101&dil=1
  • tuik.gov.tr [Internet]. Turkish Statistical Institute. Social protection statistics. [Cited: 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/ GetKategori?p=saglik-ve-sosyal-koruma-101&dil=1
  • Koca F. Turkey’s management of COVID-19: Measures and strategies of health policies. Insight Turkey, 2020;22(3):55-65.
  • Demirbilek Y, Pehlivantürk G, Özgüler ZÖ, Meşe EA. COVID-19 outbreak control, example of ministry of health of Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(SI-1):489-94.
  • Kodaz H. Successful treatment strategy of Turkey against COVID-19 outbreak. EJMO. 2020;4(2):177-8.
  • Cakir B. COVID-19 in Turkey: Lessons learned. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2020;10(2):115-7.
  • Sahin D, Tanacan A, Erol SA, Anuk AT, Eyi EGY, Ozgu-Erdinc AS, et al. A pandemic center’s experience of managing pregnant women with COVID‐19 infection in Turkey: A prospective cohort study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020;151(1):74-82.
  • covid19.saglik.gov.tr [Internet]. Republic of Turkey Ministry. COVID-19 information page. [Cited: 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr
  • aa.com.tr [Internet]. Usul AS. Turkey fights COVID-19 with 17 new hospitals. [Cited: 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/health/turkey-fights-covid-19-with-17-new-hospitals/2098332.
  • Yıldırım S, Yıldırım DC, Calıskan H. The influence of health on economic growth from the perspective of sustainable development: a case of OECD countries. World J Entrepreneurship Manag Sustain Dev. 2020;16(3):181-94.
  • tr.undp.org [Internet]. UNPD Turkey. COVID-19 UNDP’s integrated response. [Cited: 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://www.tr.undp.org/content/ turkey/en/home/library/corporatereports/COVID19-Integrated-Response.html
  • Bostancı SH. Sustainability strategies and projects of Turkish municipalities. In: Thomas KD, editor. Handbook of research on sustainable development and economics. Hershey, PA: IGI Global; 2015. p.56-71.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Akif Öncü 0000-0002-4557-4214

Seda Yıldırım 0000-0003-4367-6652

Seda Bostancı 0000-0002-3559-2224

Fatma Erdoğan 0000-0003-2218-7315

Project Number -
Publication Date March 30, 2021
Submission Date January 14, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 23 Issue: Special Issue

Cite

APA Öncü, M. A., Yıldırım, S., Bostancı, S., Erdoğan, F. (2021). The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Management and Health Services: A Case of Turkey. Duzce Medical Journal, 23(Special Issue), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.860733
AMA Öncü MA, Yıldırım S, Bostancı S, Erdoğan F. The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Management and Health Services: A Case of Turkey. Duzce Med J. March 2021;23(Special Issue):61-70. doi:10.18678/dtfd.860733
Chicago Öncü, Mehmet Akif, Seda Yıldırım, Seda Bostancı, and Fatma Erdoğan. “The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Management and Health Services: A Case of Turkey”. Duzce Medical Journal 23, no. Special Issue (March 2021): 61-70. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.860733.
EndNote Öncü MA, Yıldırım S, Bostancı S, Erdoğan F (March 1, 2021) The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Management and Health Services: A Case of Turkey. Duzce Medical Journal 23 Special Issue 61–70.
IEEE M. A. Öncü, S. Yıldırım, S. Bostancı, and F. Erdoğan, “The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Management and Health Services: A Case of Turkey”, Duzce Med J, vol. 23, no. Special Issue, pp. 61–70, 2021, doi: 10.18678/dtfd.860733.
ISNAD Öncü, Mehmet Akif et al. “The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Management and Health Services: A Case of Turkey”. Duzce Medical Journal 23/Special Issue (March 2021), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.18678/dtfd.860733.
JAMA Öncü MA, Yıldırım S, Bostancı S, Erdoğan F. The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Management and Health Services: A Case of Turkey. Duzce Med J. 2021;23:61–70.
MLA Öncü, Mehmet Akif et al. “The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Management and Health Services: A Case of Turkey”. Duzce Medical Journal, vol. 23, no. Special Issue, 2021, pp. 61-70, doi:10.18678/dtfd.860733.
Vancouver Öncü MA, Yıldırım S, Bostancı S, Erdoğan F. The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Management and Health Services: A Case of Turkey. Duzce Med J. 2021;23(Special Issue):61-70.