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G7 GRUBU ÜLKELERİN BASIN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: OPA VE SECA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA

Year 2024, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 1 - 40

Furkan Fahri Altıntaş

https://doi.org/10.55827/ebd.1375680

Abstract

Basın özgürlüğünün sağlanmasıyla, bir ülkede ekonominin ve ekonomi ile ilişkili diğer boyutların gelişimi sağlanabilmektedir. Özellikle büyük ekonomilerin basın özgürlüğü performansı küresel ekonomiyi etkilediğinden dolayı büyük ekonomilerin basın özgürlüğü performanslarının analizi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu kapsamda araştırmada, G7 grubu ülkelerin basın özgürlüğü performansları en son ve güncel olan Dünya Basın Özgürlüğü Endeksi (World Press Freedom Index-WPFI) OPA ve SECA çok kriterli karar verme (ÇKKV) yöntemleri ile ölçülmüştür. Bulgulara göre, ilk olarak her iki yönteme göre basın özgürlüğü kriterlerinin ağırlık katsayıları ölçülmüş ve en önemli basın özgürlüğü kriterinin OPA yöntemine göre ‘’yasal bağlam’’, SECA yöntemine göre ise ‘’güvenlik bağlamı’’ olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu bulgulara göre, G7 grubu ülkelerinin küresel ekonomiye olan katkılarını artırmaları için ‘’yasal bağlam’’ ve ‘’güvenlik bağlamı’’ kriterlerinin gelişimini sağlayacak stratejiler ve faaliyetler yapması gerektiği sonucuna erişilmiştir. İkinci olarak ülkelerin basın özgürlüğü performansları OPA yöntemine göre Japonya, ABD, İtalya, Fransa, İngiltere, Almanya ve Kanada, SECA yöntemine göre ise Kanada, Almanya, İngiltere, Fransa, İtalya, ABD ve Japonya olarak sıralanmıştır. Üçüncü olarak yöntem açısından tespit edilen nicel bulgulara istinaden yöntemler ayırım uzaklığı ve korelâsyon analizleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre, OPA ve SECA yöntemlerinin birbirlerinden çok farklı teknikler olduğu ve ülkelerin WPFI kapsamında basın özgürlüğü performanslarının OPA yöntemine kıyasla SECA yöntemi ile açıklanabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Basın Özgürlüğü OPA SECA

Ethical Statement

Sayın hocam, makaledeki veriler herhangi bir deneye ve gözleme dayanılarak elde edilmemiştir. Söz konusu veriler, açık kaynaktan sağlanmıştır. Bunun için etik kuruluna başvurulmamıştır.

References

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  • Akkaya, M. (2018). Ekonomİk Özgürlük, Demokrasİ Kalİtesİ, İnsanİ Gelİşmişlik ve Yolsuzluk ile Finansal Piyasalar Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi. ArelEysad, 3(1), 15-24.
  • Alam, A., & Shah, Z. (2013). The Role of Press Freedom in Economic Development: A Global Perspective. Journal of Media Economics, 26(1), 4-20.
  • Alberro, H. (2008). Press Freedom and Economic Development in Latin America 2008. CABA: CADAL.
  • Ataei, Y., Mahmoudi, A., Feylizadeh, M. R., & Li, D.F. (2020). Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) in Multiple Attribute Decision-Making. Applied Soft Computing Journal, 86, 1-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105893.
  • Audretsch, D. B., & Moog, P. (2020). Democracy and Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 46(2), 368–392.
  • Azbari, E., Ashofteh, P., & Golfam, P. (2021). Optimal Wastewater Allocation with The Development of An SECA Multi Criteria Decision Making Method. Journal of Cleaner Productio, 321, 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129041.
  • Boot, E. R. (2019). Leaks and the Limits of Press Freedom. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 22, 483–500.
  • Borders, R. W. (2023). Reported without Border Temmuz 2023 tarihinde Press Freedom Index: https://www.rsf.org/en/index adresinden alındı
  • Brandlee, B. (2012). The Death and Life of The Pres New York: Little, Brown Spark.
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  • Curran, J. (2017). The Power Of The Press: How The News Media Shapes Our World. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Çoban, M. N. (2020). Basın Özgürlüğü ve Yolsuzluk İlişkisi: Brics Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 192-208.
  • Das, P. P., & Chakraborty, (2022). Application of Simultaneous Evaluation of Criteria and Alternatives (SECA) Method for Parametric Optimization of Hybrid Machining Processe International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 16(2), 1-13.
  • Dutta, N., & Roy, (2008). The Role of Foreign Direct Investment on Press Freedom. Munich: MPRA Paper: University Library of Munich.
  • Ecer, F. (2020). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Eghbali-Zarch, M., Zabihi, Z., & Masoud, (2023). A Novel Fuzzy SECA Model Based on Fuzzy Standard Deviation and Correlation Coefficients for Resilient-Sustainable Supplier Selection. Expert Systems With Applications, 231, 1-21.
  • Ejigu, A., & Gebru, A. (2020). Relationship between Press Freedom and Human Development: Evidence from Eastern African Countrie World of Media Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, 1, 5-28.
  • Epps, G., & Oppenheimer, D. B. (2008). Freedom of the Press: The First Amendment: Its Constitutional History and the Contemporary Debate. New York: Prometheu
  • Ersoy, N. (2022). Türk İnşaat Firmalarının Finansal Performansının SECA Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 37(4), 1003-1021.
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  • Hamada, B. I. (2019). Press Freedom and Political Instability in the Arab World: An empirical Invstigation. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 12(1), 21-41.
  • Hazar, Z. (2013). Basin Özgürlüğü ve Ulusal Güvenlİk. Gazi Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1-2), 1525-1548.
  • Kalenborn, C., & Lessmann, C. (2012). The Impact of Democracy and Press Freedom on Corruption: Conditionality Matter Munich: CESIFO .
  • Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., & Antucheviciene, J. (2018). Simultaneous Evaluation of Criteria and Alternatives (SECA) for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making. Informatica, 29(2), 265–280. Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., & Antucheviciene, J. (2022). A Fuzzy Simultaneous Evaluation of Criteria and Alternatives (F-SECA) for Sustainable E-Waste Scenario Management. Sustainability 2022, 14(1-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610371).
  • Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M., Govindan, K., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., & Antuchevičienė, J. (2019). An Integrated Type-2 Fuzzy Decision Model Based on WASPAS and SECA for Evaluation of Sustainable Manufacturing Strategie Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 27(4), 187–200.
  • Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M., Govindan, K., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., & Antuchevičienė, J. (2019). An Integrated Type-2 Fuzzy Decision Model Based on WASPAS And SECA for Evaluation of Sustainable Manufacturing
  • Strategie Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 27(4), 187–200.
  • Kiptum, C. K., Bouraima, M. B., Stević, Z., Okemwa, , Birech, , & Qiu, Y. J. (2022). Sustainable Strategies for The Successful Operation of The Bike-Sharing System Using An Ordinal Priority Approach. J. Eng. Manag. Syst. Eng, 1(2), 43-50.
  • Lamer, W. (2018). Press Freedom as an International Human Right. London: Palgrave Pivot Cham.
  • Le, M.-T., & Nhieu, N.-L. (2022). A Novel Multi-Criteria Assessment Approach for Post-COVID-19 Production Strategies in Vietnam Manufacturing Industry: OPA-Fuzzy EDAS Model. Sustainability, 14, 1-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084732.
  • Limpitlaw, J. (2021). Media Law Handbook for Southern Africa Volume I. Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Media Programme Sub-Sahara Africa.
  • Mahmoudi, A., & Javed, A. (2022). Probabilistic Approach to Multi-Stage Supplier Evaluation: Confidence Level Measurement in Ordinal Priority Approach. Group Decision and Negotiation, 31, 1051–1096. DOI: 10.1007/s10726-022-09790-1.
  • Mahmoudi, A., Abbasi, M., & Deng, X. (2022). A Novel Project Portfolio Selection Framework Towards Organizational Resilience: Robust Ordinal Priority Approach. Expert Systems With Applications, 188, 1-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2021.116067.
  • Mahmoudi, A., Abbasi, M., Yuan, J., & Li, L. (2022). Large-Scale Group Decision-Making (LSGDM) for Performance Measurement of Healthcare Construction Projects: Ordinal Priority Approach. Applied Intelligence, 1-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-022-04094-y.
  • Mahmoudi, A., Deng, X., Javed, A., & Zhang, N. (2020). Sustainable Supplier Selection in Megaprojects: Grey Ordinal Priority Approach. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(1), 318-339.
  • Mahmoudi, A., Sadeghi, M., & Moslemi , N. (2023). Blockchain and Supply Chain Finance for Sustainable Construction Industry: Ensemble Ranking using Ordinal Priority Approach. Operations Management Research, DOI: 10.1007/s12063-023-00374-z.
  • Majeed, M., & Malik, A. (2016). Does E-government Stimulate Press Freedom to Curb Corruption? A Cross- Country Study. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 36(2), 1173-1183.
  • Maniou, T. A. (tarih yok). The Dynamics of Influence on Press Freedom in Different Media Systems: A Comparative Study. Journalism Practice, 1-25. DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2022.2030246.
  • Maniou, T. A., & Ketteni, E. (2023). “It’s the Economy, Stupid!”, Is it not? The Relationship between Press Freedom and the Status of the Economy in Western Media System JOURNALISM STUDIES, 24(6), 715–737.
  • Mdluli, B., & Hlophe, Z. (2010). Press freedom or democracy: An African Perspective of Media Freedom and Nation Building. Saarbruecken: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
  • Mohale, T. G. (2020). A Case Study Analysis of Freedom of Press in Western Countrie International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 9(3), 1278-1283.
  • Mohammadi, H., Shayanmehr, , & Borrero, J. D. (2023). Does Freedom Matter for Sustainable Economic Development? New Evidence from Spatial Econometric Analysi Mathematics, 11(145), 1-19.
  • Nam, T. (2012). Freedom of Information Legislation and Its Impact on Press Freedom:A cross-national study. Government Information Quarterly, 29, 521–531.
  • Nguyen, J., Valadkhani, A., Nguyen, A., & Wake, A. (2021). Press Freedom and the Global Economy: The Cost of Slipping Backward Journalism Studies, 22(4), 399-417.
  • Oloyede, B. I. (2017). Press Freedom: A Conceptual Analysi Journal of Social Sciences, 11(2), 101-109.
  • Özkorkut, N. Ü. (2002). Basin Özgürlüğü Ve Osmanli Devletİ'ndeki Görünümü. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 51(3), 65-84.
  • Park, C., & de Zuniga, H. (2020). Learning about Politics from Mass Media and Social Media: Moderating Roles of Press Freedom and Public Service Broadcasting in 11 Countrie International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 1-21. DOI: 10.1093/ijpor/edaa021.
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EVALUATION OF THE PRESS FREEDOM PERFORMANCE OF G7 COUNTRIES: AN APPLICATION OF THE OPA AND SECA METHODS

Year 2024, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 1 - 40

Furkan Fahri Altıntaş

https://doi.org/10.55827/ebd.1375680

Abstract

Freedom of the press can promote the development of a country's economy and other dimensions related to the economy. Since the freedom of the press performance of large economies affects the global economy, it is important to analyze the freedom of the press performance of large economie In this context, the research measured the press freedom performance of G7 group countries using the latest and most up-to-date World Press Freedom Index (WPFI) through the OPA and SECA multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods.According to the findings, first, the weight coefficients of the freedom of the press criteria were measured according to both methods and the most important freedom of the press criterion was found to be "legislative context" according to the OPA method and "security context" according to the SECA method. Therefore, it is concluded that G7 countries need to develop strategies and activities to promote the development of the "legislative context" and "security context" criteria in order to increase their contribution to the global economy. Secondly, the freedom of the press performance of the countries was ranked as Japan, USA, Italy, France, UK, Germany and Canada according to the OPA method, and as Canada, Germany, UK, France, Italy, USA and Japan according to the SECA method. In the third step, the methods were evaluated by discrimination distance and correlation analysis based on the quantitative findings identified in terms of method. According to this, it has been concluded academically that the OPA and SECA methods are quite distinct techniques, and a comparison of countries' press freedom performance within the scope of WPFI can be explained by the SECA method rather than the OPA method.

Keywords

Press Freedom OPA SECA

References

  • Abdel-Basset, M., Mohamed, M., Abdel-Monem, A., & Elfattah, M. A. (2022). New Extension of Ordinal Priority Approach for Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Problems: Design and Analysi Complex & Intelligent Systems, 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-022-00721-w.
  • Akkaya, M. (2018). Ekonomİk Özgürlük, Demokrasİ Kalİtesİ, İnsanİ Gelİşmişlik ve Yolsuzluk ile Finansal Piyasalar Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi. ArelEysad, 3(1), 15-24.
  • Alam, A., & Shah, Z. (2013). The Role of Press Freedom in Economic Development: A Global Perspective. Journal of Media Economics, 26(1), 4-20.
  • Alberro, H. (2008). Press Freedom and Economic Development in Latin America 2008. CABA: CADAL.
  • Ataei, Y., Mahmoudi, A., Feylizadeh, M. R., & Li, D.F. (2020). Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) in Multiple Attribute Decision-Making. Applied Soft Computing Journal, 86, 1-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105893.
  • Audretsch, D. B., & Moog, P. (2020). Democracy and Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 46(2), 368–392.
  • Azbari, E., Ashofteh, P., & Golfam, P. (2021). Optimal Wastewater Allocation with The Development of An SECA Multi Criteria Decision Making Method. Journal of Cleaner Productio, 321, 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129041.
  • Boot, E. R. (2019). Leaks and the Limits of Press Freedom. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 22, 483–500.
  • Borders, R. W. (2023). Reported without Border Temmuz 2023 tarihinde Press Freedom Index: https://www.rsf.org/en/index adresinden alındı
  • Brandlee, B. (2012). The Death and Life of The Pres New York: Little, Brown Spark.
  • Callamard, A. (2010). Accountability, Transparency, and Freedom of Expression in Africa. Social Research, 77(4), 1211-1240.
  • Curran, J. (2017). The Power Of The Press: How The News Media Shapes Our World. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Çoban, M. N. (2020). Basın Özgürlüğü ve Yolsuzluk İlişkisi: Brics Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 192-208.
  • Das, P. P., & Chakraborty, (2022). Application of Simultaneous Evaluation of Criteria and Alternatives (SECA) Method for Parametric Optimization of Hybrid Machining Processe International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 16(2), 1-13.
  • Dutta, N., & Roy, (2008). The Role of Foreign Direct Investment on Press Freedom. Munich: MPRA Paper: University Library of Munich.
  • Ecer, F. (2020). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Eghbali-Zarch, M., Zabihi, Z., & Masoud, (2023). A Novel Fuzzy SECA Model Based on Fuzzy Standard Deviation and Correlation Coefficients for Resilient-Sustainable Supplier Selection. Expert Systems With Applications, 231, 1-21.
  • Ejigu, A., & Gebru, A. (2020). Relationship between Press Freedom and Human Development: Evidence from Eastern African Countrie World of Media Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, 1, 5-28.
  • Epps, G., & Oppenheimer, D. B. (2008). Freedom of the Press: The First Amendment: Its Constitutional History and the Contemporary Debate. New York: Prometheu
  • Ersoy, N. (2022). Türk İnşaat Firmalarının Finansal Performansının SECA Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 37(4), 1003-1021.
  • Freedom House. (2023). Freedom in the World 2023. Washington: Freedom House.
  • George, C. (2011). Freedom from the Press: Journalism and State Power in Singapore. Singapore: National University of Singapore Pres
  • Golic, K., Kosic, T., & Kosoric, V. (2023). AHP-Based Model for Energy-Sustainable Renovation of Building Envelopes: A Case Study. Sustainability, 25, 1-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108384.
  • Guseva, M., Nakaa, M., Novel, A.-, Pekkala, K., Souberou, B., & Stouli, (2008). Press freedom and Development. Paris: UNESCO.
  • Hamada, B. I. (2019). Press Freedom and Political Instability in the Arab World: An empirical Invstigation. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 12(1), 21-41.
  • Hazar, Z. (2013). Basin Özgürlüğü ve Ulusal Güvenlİk. Gazi Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1-2), 1525-1548.
  • Kalenborn, C., & Lessmann, C. (2012). The Impact of Democracy and Press Freedom on Corruption: Conditionality Matter Munich: CESIFO .
  • Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., & Antucheviciene, J. (2018). Simultaneous Evaluation of Criteria and Alternatives (SECA) for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making. Informatica, 29(2), 265–280. Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., & Antucheviciene, J. (2022). A Fuzzy Simultaneous Evaluation of Criteria and Alternatives (F-SECA) for Sustainable E-Waste Scenario Management. Sustainability 2022, 14(1-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610371).
  • Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M., Govindan, K., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., & Antuchevičienė, J. (2019). An Integrated Type-2 Fuzzy Decision Model Based on WASPAS and SECA for Evaluation of Sustainable Manufacturing Strategie Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 27(4), 187–200.
  • Keshavarz-Ghorabaee, M., Govindan, K., Amiri, M., Zavadskas, E. K., & Antuchevičienė, J. (2019). An Integrated Type-2 Fuzzy Decision Model Based on WASPAS And SECA for Evaluation of Sustainable Manufacturing
  • Strategie Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 27(4), 187–200.
  • Kiptum, C. K., Bouraima, M. B., Stević, Z., Okemwa, , Birech, , & Qiu, Y. J. (2022). Sustainable Strategies for The Successful Operation of The Bike-Sharing System Using An Ordinal Priority Approach. J. Eng. Manag. Syst. Eng, 1(2), 43-50.
  • Lamer, W. (2018). Press Freedom as an International Human Right. London: Palgrave Pivot Cham.
  • Le, M.-T., & Nhieu, N.-L. (2022). A Novel Multi-Criteria Assessment Approach for Post-COVID-19 Production Strategies in Vietnam Manufacturing Industry: OPA-Fuzzy EDAS Model. Sustainability, 14, 1-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084732.
  • Limpitlaw, J. (2021). Media Law Handbook for Southern Africa Volume I. Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Media Programme Sub-Sahara Africa.
  • Mahmoudi, A., & Javed, A. (2022). Probabilistic Approach to Multi-Stage Supplier Evaluation: Confidence Level Measurement in Ordinal Priority Approach. Group Decision and Negotiation, 31, 1051–1096. DOI: 10.1007/s10726-022-09790-1.
  • Mahmoudi, A., Abbasi, M., & Deng, X. (2022). A Novel Project Portfolio Selection Framework Towards Organizational Resilience: Robust Ordinal Priority Approach. Expert Systems With Applications, 188, 1-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.eswa.2021.116067.
  • Mahmoudi, A., Abbasi, M., Yuan, J., & Li, L. (2022). Large-Scale Group Decision-Making (LSGDM) for Performance Measurement of Healthcare Construction Projects: Ordinal Priority Approach. Applied Intelligence, 1-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-022-04094-y.
  • Mahmoudi, A., Deng, X., Javed, A., & Zhang, N. (2020). Sustainable Supplier Selection in Megaprojects: Grey Ordinal Priority Approach. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(1), 318-339.
  • Mahmoudi, A., Sadeghi, M., & Moslemi , N. (2023). Blockchain and Supply Chain Finance for Sustainable Construction Industry: Ensemble Ranking using Ordinal Priority Approach. Operations Management Research, DOI: 10.1007/s12063-023-00374-z.
  • Majeed, M., & Malik, A. (2016). Does E-government Stimulate Press Freedom to Curb Corruption? A Cross- Country Study. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 36(2), 1173-1183.
  • Maniou, T. A. (tarih yok). The Dynamics of Influence on Press Freedom in Different Media Systems: A Comparative Study. Journalism Practice, 1-25. DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2022.2030246.
  • Maniou, T. A., & Ketteni, E. (2023). “It’s the Economy, Stupid!”, Is it not? The Relationship between Press Freedom and the Status of the Economy in Western Media System JOURNALISM STUDIES, 24(6), 715–737.
  • Mdluli, B., & Hlophe, Z. (2010). Press freedom or democracy: An African Perspective of Media Freedom and Nation Building. Saarbruecken: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.
  • Mohale, T. G. (2020). A Case Study Analysis of Freedom of Press in Western Countrie International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 9(3), 1278-1283.
  • Mohammadi, H., Shayanmehr, , & Borrero, J. D. (2023). Does Freedom Matter for Sustainable Economic Development? New Evidence from Spatial Econometric Analysi Mathematics, 11(145), 1-19.
  • Nam, T. (2012). Freedom of Information Legislation and Its Impact on Press Freedom:A cross-national study. Government Information Quarterly, 29, 521–531.
  • Nguyen, J., Valadkhani, A., Nguyen, A., & Wake, A. (2021). Press Freedom and the Global Economy: The Cost of Slipping Backward Journalism Studies, 22(4), 399-417.
  • Oloyede, B. I. (2017). Press Freedom: A Conceptual Analysi Journal of Social Sciences, 11(2), 101-109.
  • Özkorkut, N. Ü. (2002). Basin Özgürlüğü Ve Osmanli Devletİ'ndeki Görünümü. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 51(3), 65-84.
  • Park, C., & de Zuniga, H. (2020). Learning about Politics from Mass Media and Social Media: Moderating Roles of Press Freedom and Public Service Broadcasting in 11 Countrie International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 1-21. DOI: 10.1093/ijpor/edaa021.
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There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Econometric and Statistical Methods
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Furkan Fahri Altıntaş 0000-0002-0161-5862

Publication Date
Submission Date October 13, 2023
Acceptance Date January 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Altıntaş, F. F. (n.d.). G7 GRUBU ÜLKELERİN BASIN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: OPA VE SECA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(1), 1-40. https://doi.org/10.55827/ebd.1375680
AMA Altıntaş FF. G7 GRUBU ÜLKELERİN BASIN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: OPA VE SECA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi. 16(1):1-40. doi:10.55827/ebd.1375680
Chicago Altıntaş, Furkan Fahri. “G7 GRUBU ÜLKELERİN BASIN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: OPA VE SECA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA”. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi 16, no. 1 n.d.: 1-40. https://doi.org/10.55827/ebd.1375680.
EndNote Altıntaş FF G7 GRUBU ÜLKELERİN BASIN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: OPA VE SECA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi 16 1 1–40.
IEEE F. F. Altıntaş, “G7 GRUBU ÜLKELERİN BASIN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: OPA VE SECA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA”, Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–40, doi: 10.55827/ebd.1375680.
ISNAD Altıntaş, Furkan Fahri. “G7 GRUBU ÜLKELERİN BASIN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: OPA VE SECA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA”. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi 16/1 (n.d.), 1-40. https://doi.org/10.55827/ebd.1375680.
JAMA Altıntaş FF. G7 GRUBU ÜLKELERİN BASIN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: OPA VE SECA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi.;16:1–40.
MLA Altıntaş, Furkan Fahri. “G7 GRUBU ÜLKELERİN BASIN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: OPA VE SECA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA”. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-40, doi:10.55827/ebd.1375680.
Vancouver Altıntaş FF. G7 GRUBU ÜLKELERİN BASIN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ PERFORMANSLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: OPA VE SECA YÖNTEMLERİ İLE BİR UYGULAMA. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi. 16(1):1-40.