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YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ İSTİHDAMINDA KÜRESEL DURUMUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2020, Issue: 2020 Sonbahar Özel Sayı I/II, 10 - 21, 24.10.2020

Abstract

Yenilenebilir enerji, doğru politikalar ile desteklendiğinde enerji arzının vazgeçilmez kaynağı olabilecektir. Gelecek 30 yıl içerisinde yaşanması muhtemel enerji dönüşümü, fırsatları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Enerji dönüşümünün makroekonomik etkileri arasında işgücü piyasaları da yer almaktadır. İşgücü piyasalarını etkileyen istihdam politikalarının etkin işlemesi durumunda yenilenebilir enerji istihdamının artacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmada, yenilenebilir enerji alanında sektörü yönlendiren ülkelerin istihdam durumları incelenmiştir. Çin, güneş enerjisi alanında küresel üretim merkezi durumundadır ve istihdam olanakları yüksektir. AB ülkeleri güneş enerjisindeki üretim üstünlüğünü Çin’e bırakmıştır. ABD ve Brezilya’nın biyoyakıt endüstrisindeki istihdam olanakları artarak devam etmektedir. Hindistan’da yenilenebilir enerji yatırımlarının artmasının, kırsal kesimde işsizliğin azalmasına katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir

References

  • BETD (2019),“Key Facts about the Energy Transition in Germany”, https://2019.energydialogue.berlin/wpcontent/uploads/2019/04/betd_press_factsheet.pdf (20.03.2020).
  • BP (2019),“BP Energy Outlook-Insights from Evolving Transition Scenario Brazil”, https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/energy-outlook/country-and-regional-insights/brazil-insights.html (30.03.2020).
  • CNREC (2019),“China Renewable Energy Outlook-Energy Transition towards2050”,https://www.dena.de/fileadmin/dena/Publikationen/PDFs/2019/CREO2019_-_Executive_Summary_2019.pdf (25.03.2020).
  • Deschenes, O. (2013), “Green Jobs”, IZA Policy Paper, No. 62.
  • Dvarok, P., Martinat, S., Horst, D., Frantal, B., Tureckova, K. (2017), “Renewable Energy İnvestment and Job Creation; a Cross-Sectoral Assessment fort he Czech Republic with Reference to EU Benchmarks”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, (69), 360-368.
  • EC (2006),“Biofuels in the European Union- A Vision for 2030 and Beyond”, Biofuels Research Advisory Council Report.
  • EC (2019), “Renewable Energy Progress Report”.
  • EESİ (2019),“Jobs in Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, and Resilience”, EESİ Fact Sheet, https://www.eesi.org/papers/ (30.03.2020).
  • EKOS BR (2013),“Renewable Energy in Brazil 2050-A Vision for a totally renewable Brazil”
  • Flach, B., Lieberz, S., Bolla, S. (2019),“EU Biofuels Annual 2019”, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Report Number:NL9022.
  • Fragkos, P., Paroussos, L. (2018),“Employment creation in EU related to renewables expansion”, Applied Energy, 230, 935-945.
  • FS-UNEP/BloombergNEF (2019),“Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2018. http://www.fs-unep-centre.org (14.02.2020).
  • Hansen, K., Mathiesen, B., Skov, I.R. (2019),“Full Energy System Transition towards %100 Renewable Energy in Germany”, Renewable and Sustainable Enegy Reviews, (102), 1-13.
  • Henley, G., Fundira, T. (2019),“Policy and Trade issues for a future regional biofuels market in Southern Africa”, Development Southern Africa, 36(2), 250-264.
  • Herath, N., Tyner, W.E. (2019),“Intended and Unintended Consequences of US Renewable Energy Policies” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Policies,115, 1-7.
  • Hua, Y., Oliphant, M. and Hu, E.,J. (2016),“Development of renewable energy in Australia and China: A comparison of policies and status”, Renewable Energy, 85, 1044-1051.
  • Guliyev, F. (2020), “Trump’s ‘America First’ Energy Policy, Contingency and the Reconfiguration of the Global Energy Order”, Energy Policy, 140, 1-10.
  • IEA (2020), “Germany 2020 Energy Policy Review”. https://www.iea.org/reports/germany-2020 (20.03.2020).
  • IEA (2020),”India 2020 Energy Policy Review”, https://www.iea.org/reports/india-2020#executive-summary (26.03.2020).
  • IEA (2019), Tracking Transport, https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-transport-2019 (2.03.2020).
  • IRENA (2019a), “Renewable energy and jobs-Annual Review 2019.
  • IRENA, EC and ILO (2018),“Accelerating SDG 7 Achievement Policy Brief 13-Interlınkages between Energy and Jobs”.
  • IRENA (2011), “Renewable Energy Jobs: Status, Prospects&Policies”, IRENA Working Paper.
  • IRENA (2019), “Future of Wind: Deployment, İnvestment, Technology, Grid İntegration and Socio-Economic Aspects”, A Global Energy Transformation Paper.
  • IRENA (2019), “Future of Solar PV: Deployment, İnvestment, Technology, Grid İntegration and Socio-Economic Aspects”, A Global Energy Transformation Paper.
  • IRENA (2014), “Renewable Energy anf Jobs, Annual Review 2014.
  • IRENA (2015b), “Renewable energy prospects: USA”, REmap 2030 Analysis.
  • IRENA (2017), “REMAP: Renewable Energy Prospects for India”, https://www.irena.org/publications/2017/May/Renewable-Energy-Prospects-for-India (30.03.2020).
  • IRENA,Data&Statistics, Statistics Time Series, http://resourceirena.irena.org/ (25.02.2020).
  • IRENA and CEM (2014), “The Socio-economic Benefits of Solar and Wind Energy”,www.irena.org/documentdownloads/publications/socioeconomic_benefits_solar_wind.pdf (02.04.2020)
  • Jacobs, D., Okunlola, A., Nagel, L., Helgenberger, S., Hakhu, A. (2019), “Future skills and job creation with renewable energy in India” Executive Report.
  • Jaıraj, B., Deka, P., Martın, S., Kumar, S. (2017), “Can Renewable Energy Jobs Help Reduce Poverty İn India” WRİ Report.
  • KAPSARC (2016),“Renewable Energy Policy in India: Creation, Implementation andEfficacy”, https://www.kapsarc.org/research/publications (26.03.2020).
  • Kaya, H.İ, Bayraktar, Y. (2019), “Hukuki Düzenlemeler, Politika Destekleri ve Mali Teşviklerin Yenilenebilir Enerjinin Gelişimindeki Rolü: Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Örneği”, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 20(1), 164-180.
  • Lim, T, Guzman, T. S., Bowen, W.M. (2020), “Rhetoric and Reality: Jobs and the energy provisions of the Recovery and Reinvestment Act”, Energy Policy, 137, 1-11.
  • Meisen, P., Hubert, J. (2010), “Renewable Energy Potential of Brazil”, GENİ Report.
  • Peltier, H.G. (2017), “Green versus brown: Comparing the employment impacts of energy efficiency, renewable energy, and fossil fuels using an input-output model”, Economic Modelling, 61, 439-447.
  • Pischke E., Solomon, B., Wellstead, A., Acevedo, A., Eastmond, A., Oliveria, F., Coelho, S., Luconi O. (2019), “From Kyoto to Paris: Measuring Renewable Energy Policy Regimes in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico and the United States”, Energy Research and Social Science, 50, 82-91.
  • REN21 (2019a), “Asia and the Pacific Renewable Energy Status Report”, Paris: Ren21 Secretariat.
  • REN21(2019b), “Renewables Global Status Report” https://www.ren21.net/wpcontent/uploads/2019/05/gsr_2019_full_report_en.pdf (25.03.2020).
  • Sawhney, A. (2013), “Policy Monitor: Renewable Energy Policy in India: Addressing Energy Poverty and Climate Mitigation”, Review of Environmental Mitigation, 296-312.
  • Solar Power Europe (2019), “Global Market Outlook for Solar Power/2019-2023”,https://www.solarpowereurope.org/global-market-outlook-2019-2023/ (25.03.2020).
  • Tongia, R., Gross, S. (2018), “Working to Turn Ambition into Reality- The Politics and Economics of India’s Turn to Renewable Power”, Brookings Paper 4, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/India-Renewable-Power-v10.pdf (30.03.2020).
  • US Department of Energy (2018),” Renewable Energy Data Book”, https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/02/f71/2018%20RE%20DB.pdf (22.03.2020).
  • WWF-TERİ (2013), “The Energy Report-India %100 Renewable Energy by 2050” https://www.wwfindia.org/news_facts/?10261 (26.03.2020).
  • Zwaan, B., Cameron, L., Kober, T. (2013), “ Potential for renewable energy jobs in the Middle East”, Energy Policy, 60, 296-304.

AN EVALUATION OVER GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY EMPLOYMENT

Year 2020, Issue: 2020 Sonbahar Özel Sayı I/II, 10 - 21, 24.10.2020

Abstract

Renewable energy will be an indispensable source of energy supply when supported by right policies. Possible energy transformation in the next 30 years, brings along opportunities. Labor markets take part in the macro economic effects of energy transformation. It is thought that if the labour markets, which are affecting the employment policies implement effectively, renewable energy employment will increase. In this study, the employment status of countries which direct the sector in the field of renewable energy has been examined. China is the center of global manufacturing in solar energy, and the employment is high. EU countries have left the superiority at solar energy manufacturing to China. The employment opportunities at United States and Brazil in the biofuel industry continue increasingly. It is thought that the increasing renewable energy use in India can contribute to the decrease of unemployment in rural areas.

References

  • BETD (2019),“Key Facts about the Energy Transition in Germany”, https://2019.energydialogue.berlin/wpcontent/uploads/2019/04/betd_press_factsheet.pdf (20.03.2020).
  • BP (2019),“BP Energy Outlook-Insights from Evolving Transition Scenario Brazil”, https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/energy-outlook/country-and-regional-insights/brazil-insights.html (30.03.2020).
  • CNREC (2019),“China Renewable Energy Outlook-Energy Transition towards2050”,https://www.dena.de/fileadmin/dena/Publikationen/PDFs/2019/CREO2019_-_Executive_Summary_2019.pdf (25.03.2020).
  • Deschenes, O. (2013), “Green Jobs”, IZA Policy Paper, No. 62.
  • Dvarok, P., Martinat, S., Horst, D., Frantal, B., Tureckova, K. (2017), “Renewable Energy İnvestment and Job Creation; a Cross-Sectoral Assessment fort he Czech Republic with Reference to EU Benchmarks”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, (69), 360-368.
  • EC (2006),“Biofuels in the European Union- A Vision for 2030 and Beyond”, Biofuels Research Advisory Council Report.
  • EC (2019), “Renewable Energy Progress Report”.
  • EESİ (2019),“Jobs in Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, and Resilience”, EESİ Fact Sheet, https://www.eesi.org/papers/ (30.03.2020).
  • EKOS BR (2013),“Renewable Energy in Brazil 2050-A Vision for a totally renewable Brazil”
  • Flach, B., Lieberz, S., Bolla, S. (2019),“EU Biofuels Annual 2019”, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. Report Number:NL9022.
  • Fragkos, P., Paroussos, L. (2018),“Employment creation in EU related to renewables expansion”, Applied Energy, 230, 935-945.
  • FS-UNEP/BloombergNEF (2019),“Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2018. http://www.fs-unep-centre.org (14.02.2020).
  • Hansen, K., Mathiesen, B., Skov, I.R. (2019),“Full Energy System Transition towards %100 Renewable Energy in Germany”, Renewable and Sustainable Enegy Reviews, (102), 1-13.
  • Henley, G., Fundira, T. (2019),“Policy and Trade issues for a future regional biofuels market in Southern Africa”, Development Southern Africa, 36(2), 250-264.
  • Herath, N., Tyner, W.E. (2019),“Intended and Unintended Consequences of US Renewable Energy Policies” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Policies,115, 1-7.
  • Hua, Y., Oliphant, M. and Hu, E.,J. (2016),“Development of renewable energy in Australia and China: A comparison of policies and status”, Renewable Energy, 85, 1044-1051.
  • Guliyev, F. (2020), “Trump’s ‘America First’ Energy Policy, Contingency and the Reconfiguration of the Global Energy Order”, Energy Policy, 140, 1-10.
  • IEA (2020), “Germany 2020 Energy Policy Review”. https://www.iea.org/reports/germany-2020 (20.03.2020).
  • IEA (2020),”India 2020 Energy Policy Review”, https://www.iea.org/reports/india-2020#executive-summary (26.03.2020).
  • IEA (2019), Tracking Transport, https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-transport-2019 (2.03.2020).
  • IRENA (2019a), “Renewable energy and jobs-Annual Review 2019.
  • IRENA, EC and ILO (2018),“Accelerating SDG 7 Achievement Policy Brief 13-Interlınkages between Energy and Jobs”.
  • IRENA (2011), “Renewable Energy Jobs: Status, Prospects&Policies”, IRENA Working Paper.
  • IRENA (2019), “Future of Wind: Deployment, İnvestment, Technology, Grid İntegration and Socio-Economic Aspects”, A Global Energy Transformation Paper.
  • IRENA (2019), “Future of Solar PV: Deployment, İnvestment, Technology, Grid İntegration and Socio-Economic Aspects”, A Global Energy Transformation Paper.
  • IRENA (2014), “Renewable Energy anf Jobs, Annual Review 2014.
  • IRENA (2015b), “Renewable energy prospects: USA”, REmap 2030 Analysis.
  • IRENA (2017), “REMAP: Renewable Energy Prospects for India”, https://www.irena.org/publications/2017/May/Renewable-Energy-Prospects-for-India (30.03.2020).
  • IRENA,Data&Statistics, Statistics Time Series, http://resourceirena.irena.org/ (25.02.2020).
  • IRENA and CEM (2014), “The Socio-economic Benefits of Solar and Wind Energy”,www.irena.org/documentdownloads/publications/socioeconomic_benefits_solar_wind.pdf (02.04.2020)
  • Jacobs, D., Okunlola, A., Nagel, L., Helgenberger, S., Hakhu, A. (2019), “Future skills and job creation with renewable energy in India” Executive Report.
  • Jaıraj, B., Deka, P., Martın, S., Kumar, S. (2017), “Can Renewable Energy Jobs Help Reduce Poverty İn India” WRİ Report.
  • KAPSARC (2016),“Renewable Energy Policy in India: Creation, Implementation andEfficacy”, https://www.kapsarc.org/research/publications (26.03.2020).
  • Kaya, H.İ, Bayraktar, Y. (2019), “Hukuki Düzenlemeler, Politika Destekleri ve Mali Teşviklerin Yenilenebilir Enerjinin Gelişimindeki Rolü: Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Örneği”, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 20(1), 164-180.
  • Lim, T, Guzman, T. S., Bowen, W.M. (2020), “Rhetoric and Reality: Jobs and the energy provisions of the Recovery and Reinvestment Act”, Energy Policy, 137, 1-11.
  • Meisen, P., Hubert, J. (2010), “Renewable Energy Potential of Brazil”, GENİ Report.
  • Peltier, H.G. (2017), “Green versus brown: Comparing the employment impacts of energy efficiency, renewable energy, and fossil fuels using an input-output model”, Economic Modelling, 61, 439-447.
  • Pischke E., Solomon, B., Wellstead, A., Acevedo, A., Eastmond, A., Oliveria, F., Coelho, S., Luconi O. (2019), “From Kyoto to Paris: Measuring Renewable Energy Policy Regimes in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico and the United States”, Energy Research and Social Science, 50, 82-91.
  • REN21 (2019a), “Asia and the Pacific Renewable Energy Status Report”, Paris: Ren21 Secretariat.
  • REN21(2019b), “Renewables Global Status Report” https://www.ren21.net/wpcontent/uploads/2019/05/gsr_2019_full_report_en.pdf (25.03.2020).
  • Sawhney, A. (2013), “Policy Monitor: Renewable Energy Policy in India: Addressing Energy Poverty and Climate Mitigation”, Review of Environmental Mitigation, 296-312.
  • Solar Power Europe (2019), “Global Market Outlook for Solar Power/2019-2023”,https://www.solarpowereurope.org/global-market-outlook-2019-2023/ (25.03.2020).
  • Tongia, R., Gross, S. (2018), “Working to Turn Ambition into Reality- The Politics and Economics of India’s Turn to Renewable Power”, Brookings Paper 4, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/India-Renewable-Power-v10.pdf (30.03.2020).
  • US Department of Energy (2018),” Renewable Energy Data Book”, https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/02/f71/2018%20RE%20DB.pdf (22.03.2020).
  • WWF-TERİ (2013), “The Energy Report-India %100 Renewable Energy by 2050” https://www.wwfindia.org/news_facts/?10261 (26.03.2020).
  • Zwaan, B., Cameron, L., Kober, T. (2013), “ Potential for renewable energy jobs in the Middle East”, Energy Policy, 60, 296-304.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Halil Kaya 0000-0001-8331-0853

Publication Date October 24, 2020
Submission Date May 22, 2020
Acceptance Date September 11, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 2020 Sonbahar Özel Sayı I/II

Cite

APA Kaya, H. (2020). YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ İSTİHDAMINDA KÜRESEL DURUMUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi(2020 Sonbahar Özel Sayı I/II), 10-21.
AMA Kaya H. YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ İSTİHDAMINDA KÜRESEL DURUMUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. JSSR. October 2020;(2020 Sonbahar Özel Sayı I/II):10-21.
Chicago Kaya, Halil. “YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ İSTİHDAMINDA KÜRESEL DURUMUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 2020 Sonbahar Özel Sayı I/II (October 2020): 10-21.
EndNote Kaya H (October 1, 2020) YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ İSTİHDAMINDA KÜRESEL DURUMUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 2020 Sonbahar Özel Sayı I/II 10–21.
IEEE H. Kaya, “YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ İSTİHDAMINDA KÜRESEL DURUMUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”, JSSR, no. 2020 Sonbahar Özel Sayı I/II, pp. 10–21, October 2020.
ISNAD Kaya, Halil. “YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ İSTİHDAMINDA KÜRESEL DURUMUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 2020 Sonbahar Özel Sayı I/II (October 2020), 10-21.
JAMA Kaya H. YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ İSTİHDAMINDA KÜRESEL DURUMUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. JSSR. 2020;:10–21.
MLA Kaya, Halil. “YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ İSTİHDAMINDA KÜRESEL DURUMUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, no. 2020 Sonbahar Özel Sayı I/II, 2020, pp. 10-21.
Vancouver Kaya H. YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ İSTİHDAMINDA KÜRESEL DURUMUN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. JSSR. 2020(2020 Sonbahar Özel Sayı I/II):10-21.


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