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İbrahim Anlaşmaları Sonrası Arap Yarımadasının Jeopolitik Analizi ve Türk Büyük Stratejisinin İmkânları/Kısıtları

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 39, 489 - 519, 27.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1001264

Abstract

Son yıllarda Arap yarımadası devletleri bölgesel ve küresel politikada hiç olmadığı kadar büyük bir rol oynamaya başladılar. Özellikle Suudi Arabistan, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri ve Bahreyn kendileriyle Türkiye arasında köklü bir jeopolitik rekabet yaratan bölgesel çatışmalara ulusal çıkarlarını gerçekleştirebilmek için dâhil oldular. Bugün, Türk dış ve güvenlik politikasındaki belki de en önemli sorun, Orta Doğu ve Doğu Akdeniz’deki Arap muhalefetidir. Bu soruna optimum bir cevap üretmek temelde Arap yarımadası devletlerinin jeopolitik bir tavırla yeniden değerlendirilmelerini gerektirir. Mackinder, Spykman ve Mahan’ın yeniden ölçeklendirilen teorilerine referansla bu çalışma, Arap yarımadası devletlerini klasik jeopolitiğin kavramlarına yerleştirmektedir. Bunu yaparak bu çalışma, son zamanlarda ortaya çıkan jeopolitik meydan okumaların üstesinden gelebilmesi için Türk tarafına birkaç münasip politika önerisi üretmektedir. Son olarak Türkiye’deki büyük strateji tartışmalarına özel bir referansla, olası Türk büyük stratejisinin imkânları ve kısıtları keşfedilecektir.

References

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  • NATO, “Operation Ocean Shield”, https://mc.nato.int/missions/operation-ocean-shield (Erişim Tarihi: 13.02.2021)
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  • WALSH, Declan; “Amid U.S. Silence, Gulf Nations Back the Military in Sudan’s Revolution”, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/26/world/ africa/sudan-revolution-protest-saudi-arabia-gulf.html (Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2021)
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The Geopolitical Analysis of Arabian Peninsula and the Opportunities/Limits of Turkish Grand Strategy in the Aftermath of Abraham Accords

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 39, 489 - 519, 27.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1001264

Abstract

In recent years, Arabian peninsula states have started to play a bigger role in regional and global politics than ever before. Particularly Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain were involving the regional conflicts to realize their national interests, which created a radical geopolitical rivalry between them and Turkey. Today, maybe the most important problem in Turkish foreign and security policy is the Arabian opposition in the Middle East and East Mediterranean. Improving an optimum response to this problem basically needs a reevaluation of the Arabian peninsula states in a geopolitical manner. With reference to the rescaled theories of Mackinder, Spykman, and Mahan, this study places the Arabian peninsula states in the concepts of the classical geopolitics. By doing so, this study produces a few policy recommendations to Turkish side to deal with the recently emerged geopolitical challenges. Lastly, with a special reference to grand strategy debates in Turkey, the opportunities and limits of possible Turkish grand strategy will be explored.

References

  • BRZEZINSKI, Zbigniew; The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives, Basic Books, 1997.
  • DOCKRILL, Michael L. and Michael F. Hopkins; The Cold War, 1945-1991, Palgrave Macmillan; Second Edition, New York, 2006.
  • DODDS, Klaus; Geopolitics: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007.
  • GERGES, Fawaz A.; “The Transformation of Arab Politics: Disentangling Myth From Reality”, The 1967 Arab-Israeli War: Origins and Consequences, Ed. by. Wm. Roger Louis & Avi Shlaim, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2012.
  • HILL, Ginny; Yemen Endures: Civil War, Saudi Adventurism and the Future of Arabia, Oxford University Press, U.S.A., 2017.
  • KECHICHIAN, Joseph A.; Oman and the World: The Emergence of an Independent Foreign Policy, RAND, Santa Monica, 1995.
  • KERR, Malcolm; The Arab Cold War 1958-1967, Oxford University Press; Second Edition, 1967.
  • MACKINDER, H. J.; Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction, Henry Holt and Company, New York, 1919.
  • MAHAN, Alfred Thayer; The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011.
  • Part III, “Straits Used for International Navigation”, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2009.
  • SPYKMAN, Nicholas J.; America’s Strategy in World Politics: The United States and the Balance of Power, Harcourt Brece and Company, New York, 1942.
  • SPYKMAN, Nicholas J.; The Geography of the Peace, Harcourt Brace and Company, New York, 1944.
  • YAQUB, Salim; Containing Arab Nationalism: The Eisenhower Doctrine and the Middle East, The University of North Carolina Press, U.S.A., 2004.
  • AKTÜRK, Şener; “Turkey’s Grand Strategy as the Third Power: A Realist Proposal”, Perceptions: Journal of International Affairs, Cilt 25 Sayı 2, p. 152-177.
  • BARAK, Eitan; “Between Reality and Secrecy: Israel’s Freedom of Navigation Through the Straits of Tiran, 1956-1967”, Middle East Journal, Vol. 61, No. 4, Autumn, 2007, p. 657-679.
  • HANCOCK, Kathleen J. and Vlado Vivoda; “International Political Economy: A Field Born of the OPEC Crisis returns to its Energy Roots”, Energy Research & Social Science, Vol. 1, March 2014, p. 206-216.
  • HAYNES, Jeff; “Transnational Religious Actors and International Politics”, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2001, p. 143-158.
  • HEIDEN, Patrick Van Der and Alex Krijger; “The Saudi-Iranian Rivalry: An Ominous Zero-Sum Game for Supremacy”, Atlantisch Perspectief, Vol. 42, No. 2, 2018, p. 11-15.
  • MACKINDER, H. J.; “The Geographical Pivot of History”, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 23, No. 4, April 1904, p. 421-437.
  • MANN, Joseph; “King Faisal and the Challenge of Nasser’s Revolutionary Ideology”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol 48, Iss 5, 2012, p. 749-764.
  • “2020 Yılı İhracatımızda İlk 20 Ülke”, Türkiye İhracatçılar Meclisi, https://tim.org.tr/tr/ihracat-rakamlari (Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2021)
  • “Can MBS’s Neom Translate into the Saudi Forging Ties with Israel?”, TRT World, https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/can-mbs-s-neom-translate-into-the-saudis-forging-ties-with-israel-38974 (Erişim Tarihi: 13.02.2021)
  • “Egypt’s Suez Canal Blocked by Huge Container Ship”, BBC, https://www.bbc.com/ news/world-middle-east-56505413 (Erişim Tarihi: 07.07.2021)
  • “Egypt Vexed By Israel, UAE Plans for ‘Rival Suez Canal’”, The New Arab, https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2020/10/2/egypt-vexed-by-israeli-emirati-plans-for-rival-suez-canal (Erişim Tarihi: 14.02.2021)
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  • “Iran-Allied Houthis in Yemen Fire Missiles at Saudi Capital”, Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security/saudi-arabia-says-it-intercepts-houthi-missiles-over-riyadh-idUSKBN1IA100 (Erişim Tarihi: 10.02.2021)
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  • “Katar’a Ambargo Uygulayan Ülkelerden Skandal Talep”, Sabah, https://www.sabah.com.tr/dunya/2017/06/23/korfez-ulkelerinden-flas-turkiye-talebi
  • “Ministers Discuss Trans-Gulf Railway Project”, Arab News, https://www.arabnews. com/node/1782521/saudi-arabia (Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2021)
  • “New Naval Base Boosts Egypt Presence in the Red Sea”, The Arab Weekly, https://thearab weekly.com/new-naval-base-boosts-egypts-presence-red-sea (Erişim Tarihi: 06.07.2021)
  • “Son Hamlenin Ardından Ortaya Çıktı! İşte Türk Üçgeni…”, Milliyet, https://www.milliyet.com.tr/gundem/son-hamlenin-ardindan-ortaya-cikti-iste-turk-ucgeni-2580269 (Erişim Tarihi: 14.02.2021)
  • “The UAE is Building a New Airbase off Yemen to Control and Safeguard Red Sea Shipping”, DEBKA, https://www.debka.com/the-uae-is-building-a-new-airbase-off-yemen-to-control-and-safeguard-red-sea-shipping/ (Erişim Tarihi: 07.07.2021)
  • “Türkiye, Ortadoğu ve Körfez Ülkeleriyle İşbirliğini Büyütüyor”, TRT Haber, https://www.trthaber.com/haber/ekonomi/turkiye-ortadogu-ve-korfez-ulkeleriyle-ticaretini-buyutuyor-362796.html#:~:text=T%C3%BCrkiye’nin%20Ortado%C4%9Fu%20ve%20 K%C3%B6rfez,56%2C4%20milyar%20dolar%20oldu (Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2021);
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  • ALKHEREIJI, Mohammed A.; “Saudi Arabia Embraces a Different Future with NEOM”, The Arab Weekly, https://thearabweekly.com/saudi-arabia-embraces-different-future-neom (Erişim Tarihi: 13.02.2021)
  • ATLI, Altay; “China, Israel and the Geopolitics of Seaports”, The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/china-israel-and-the-geopolitics-of-seaports/ (Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2021)
  • BARKAT, Amiram; “Israel to Propose Saudi-Israel Oil Pipeline”, Globes, https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-to-propose-saudi-israel-oil-pipeline-1001343034 (Erişim Tarihi: 15.02.2021)
  • BELLO, Lupus De; “Kenya is Somalia’s Latest Victim in Region of Failed States”, The Conversation, https://theconversation.com/kenya-is-somalias-latest-victim-in-region-of-failed-states-18582 (Erişim Tarihi: 11.02.2021)
  • CORDESMAN, Anthony H.; “America, Saudi Arabia, and the Strategic Importance of Yemen”, Center for Strategic and International Studies, https://www.csis.org/analysis/ america-saudi-arabia-and-strategic-importance-yemen (Erişim Tarihi: 08.02.2021)
  • FAHMY, Viola; “Arab-African Alliance Announced in Riyadh”, Anadolu Agency, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/arab-african-alliance-announced-in-riyadh/1694211 (Erişim Tarihi: 10.02.2021)
  • FRANTZMAN, Seth J.; “Socotra: How a Strategic Island Became Part of a Gulf Power Struggle”, The Jerusalem Post, https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/socotra-how-a-strategic-island-became-part-of-a-gulf-power-struggle-553599 (Erişim Tarihi: 06.07.2021)
  • GUENOT, Marianne; “The U.S. had a Plan in the 1960s to Blast an Alternative Suez Canal through Israel using 520 Nuclear Bombs”, Business Insider, https://www.businessinsider.com/us-planned-suez-canal-alternative-israel-blast-with-nuclear-bombs-1960s-2021-3 (Erişim tarihi: 06.07.2021)
  • HASSAN, Khalid; ““Egypt Concerned UAE-Israeli Pipeline Project will Affect Suez Canal”, Al Monitor, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/02/egypt-israel-uae-ashkelon-eilat-oil-pipeline-suez-canal.html (Erişim Tarihi: 06.07.2021)
  • KNIGHTS, Michael and Farzin Nadimi; “Curbing Houthi Attacks on Civilian Ships in the Bab Al-Mandap”, The Washington Institute, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy -analysis/curbing-houthi-attacks-civilian-ships-bab-al-mandab (Erişim Tarihi: 10.02.2021)
  • LOWENSTEIN, Julie; “US Foreign Policy and the Soviet-Afghan War: A Revisionist History”, Harvey M. Applebaum ‘59 Award, 2016, https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1045&context=applebaum_award (Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2021)
  • NATIONAL SECURITY ARCHIVE, The Charge in the Soviet Union (Kennan) to the Secretary of State, https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//coldwar/documents/episode-1/kennan.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2021)
  • NATO, “Operation Ocean Shield”, https://mc.nato.int/missions/operation-ocean-shield (Erişim Tarihi: 13.02.2021)
  • NORDLAND, Rod; “Saudi Arabia Promises to Aid Egypt’s Regime”, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-vows-to-back-egypts-rulers.html (Erişim Tarihi: 06.02.2021)
  • RABINOVITCH, Ari and Tova Cohen; “Israeli Pipeline Company Signs Deal to Bring UAE Oil to Europe”, Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-emirates-israel-pipeline/israeli-pipeline-company-signs-deal-to-bring-uae-oil-to-europe-idINKBN275155 (Erişim Tarihi: 06.07.2021)
  • REZEG, Ali H. M. Abo; “Iran Renews Threat to Close Strategic Strait of Hormuz”, Anadolu Agency, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/iran-renews-threat-to-close-strategic-strait-of-hormuz/1460108 (Erişim Tarihi: 12.02.2021)
  • WALSH, Declan; “Amid U.S. Silence, Gulf Nations Back the Military in Sudan’s Revolution”, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/26/world/ africa/sudan-revolution-protest-saudi-arabia-gulf.html (Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2021)
  • YAKIŞ, Yaşar; “How the Khartoum Coup will Affect Turkey-Sudan Relations”, Arab News, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1485706 (Erişim Tarihi: 14.02.2021)
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ceyhun Çiçekçi 0000-0002-5036-537X

Publication Date September 27, 2021
Submission Date February 23, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 17 Issue: 39

Cite

Chicago Çiçekçi, Ceyhun. “İbrahim Anlaşmaları Sonrası Arap Yarımadasının Jeopolitik Analizi Ve Türk Büyük Stratejisinin İmkânları/Kısıtları”. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi 17, no. 39 (September 2021): 489-519. https://doi.org/10.17752/guvenlikstrtj.1001264.