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Women in Japanese Politics: An Assesment Through the Liberal Democratic Party

Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 65 - 76, 20.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.952752

Abstract

Japan, based on the economic indicators, has been faced as a country that managed to become one of the strongest and technology-based developed countries of the world. When this high level of development is thought, it is expected to see less social problems. The place of women at the political sphere in Japan is one of the issues that those expectations have not been meet. Although the politically free environment, when it is focused on the gender and its equal representation, it is seen that the general picture is pretty much interesting. It is remarkable that the women participation at the political arena is relatively less than expected. Election system, transparency and the condition that political parties are able to do politics in a free environment etc. leads Japan to be categorized as a democratic state. Beside this; however, when it is looked at the Liberal Democratic Party which is governing the country since the mid-1950s, it was thought to be worth studying the Japanese women’s situation in the political arena. By moving from this point, it is aimed to reach an assessment about the women in Japanese politics by analysing the LDP, the longest serving party in power in Japan. With this study, it is directed to make an examination of women’s place in Japanese politics through which a contribution is hoped to present to the Turkish literature from an Asian country that is believed to be an interesting case.

References

  • Assmann, S. (2014). Gender Equality in Japan: The Equal Employment Opportunity Law Revisited 日本における男女平等 雇用機会均等法再考. The Asia-Pacific Journal, 12(45/2). 1-24.
  • Brunell, L. ve Burkett, E. (2020, 23 Eylül). Feminism. Encyclopedia Britannica. Erişim adresi: https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism Bryson, V. (2003). Feminist Political Theory. NewYork: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Buchanan, K. Women in History: Voting Rights. The Library of Congress. (2015, 3 Mart). Erişim adresi https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2015/03/women-in-history-voting-rights/ CHIN-Canadian Heritage Information Network. (1999). School System Reform. Erişim adresi Cultural Life During the Meiji Restoration, Japan | Education During the Meiji Restoration, Japan | School System Reform (virtualmuseum.ca)
  • De Gouges, O. (1791). Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen. The French Revolution and Human Rights: A Brief Documentary History, (124-129.ss). Dalton, E. (2015). Women and Politics in Contemporary Japan. Londra: Taylor and Francis Inc.
  • Fisher, M. “Japanese politician wants to boost the national birthrate by banning abortion”. (2013, 26 Şubat). Erişim adresi https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/02/26/japanese-politician-wants-to-boost-the-national-birthrate-by-banning-abortion/
  • Fujimura-Fanselow, K. (1991). The Japanese Ideology of ‘Good Wives and Wise Mothers’: Trends in Contemporary Research. Gender & History, 3(3), 345-349. Gallais, A. “Japan: the right to abortion reaches a consensus”. (2014, 21 Mart). Erişim adresi http://www.genethique.org/en/content/japan-right-abortion-reaches-consensus#.Xs-piW5uI2w
  • Gaunder, A. (2015). Quota Nonadoption in Japan: The Role of the Women’s Movement and the Opposition. Politics & Gender, 11(3), 176-186. Itakura, K. “Noda, Seiko: Tackling Gender Imbalance in Japanese Politics”. (2020, 2 Nisan). Erişim adresi https://www.nippon.com/en/in-depth/d00543/noda-seiko-tackling-gender-imbalance-in-japanese-politics.html
  • “Japan enacts law to promote women's participation in politics”. (2018, 16 Mayıs). Erişim adresi https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/japan-enacts-law-to-promote-women-s-participation-in-politics/50000262-3617425
  • Kakuchi, S. “Can “Womenomics” Stem the Feminization of Poverty in Japan?”. (2014, 21 Eylül). Erişim adresi https://truthout.org/articles/can-womenomics-stem-the-feminization-of-poverty-in-japan/
  • Koshi, N. “How can we improve gender equality in Japan?”. (2015, 21 Nisan). Erişim adresi https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/04/how-can-we-improve-gender-equality-in-japan/
  • Kotake, S. Recent Legislation in Japan No.2018-1 Act on Promotion of Gender Equality in the Political Field. Institute of Comparative Law Waseda University, (2019, 15 Ocak). Erişim adresi https://www.waseda.jp/folaw/icl/news-en/2019/01/24/6503/
  • Lock, M. (1990), Restoring Order to the House of Japan. Wilson Quarterly, 14(4), 42-49. Lukminaite, S. (2015). Developments in Female Edcucation of Meiji Japan: As Seen from Jogaku Zasshi’s Editorials by Iwamoto Yoshiharu. The Central and Eastern European Online Library, 1, 9-22.
  • McCurry, J. “Shinzo Abe reshuffle leaves just one woman in Japanese cabinet”. (2018, 3 Ekim). Erişim adresi https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/03/shinzo-abe-reshuffle-leaves-just-one-woman-in-japanese-cabinet-satsuki-katayama
  • Miura, M. “Japan’s Leader Wants to Empower Women, Just Not in His Party”. (2019, 26 Temmuz). Erişim adresi https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/26/opinion/japan-women-abe-election.html
  • Nakano, Y. Japan Chair Platform: Among Equals? Women in Japanese Politics. Center for Strategic and International Studies. (2013, 11 Temmuz). Erişim adresi https://www.csis.org/analysis/japan-chair-platform-among-equals-women-japanese-politics
  • Nolte, S. H. (1986). Women's Rights and Society's Needs: Japan's 1931 Suffrage. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 28(4), 690-714.
  • Ogai, T. (2001). Japanese Women and Political Institutions: Why are Women Politically Underrepresented ?. PS: Political Science & Politics, 34(2), 207-210.
  • Oi, Mariko. “Tokyo elects Yuriko Koike as first female governor”. (2016, 1 Ağustos). Erişim adresi https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36935083
  • Okuda, K. “Japan's female employment tops 50% for 1st time in half-century”. (2019, 2 Şubat). Erişim adresi https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Japan-s-female-employment-tops-50-for-1st-time-in-half-century
  • Olsen, K. “Meet the woman hoping to succeed Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe”. (2019, 1 Nisan). Erişim adresi https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/02/meet-the-woman-hoping-to-succeed-japanese-prime-minister-shinzo-abe.html
  • Osaki, T. “Yuriko Koike's new party, Kibo no To, vows to alter Japan's political landscape”. (2017, 27 Eylül). Erişim adresi https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/09/27/national/politics-diplomacy/yuriko-koike-new-party-take-ldp-vowing-alter-japans-political-landscape/#.Xq7Ud25uI2w Önez Çetin, Z. ve Yılmaz, N. (2016). Japonya’da Yerel Yönetimlerin İdari ve Mali Yapısı Üzerine Bir İnceleme, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(4), 1213-1237.
  • Öztürk, Z. A. (2012). Uluslararası Siyasette ve Karar Alma Mekanizmalarında Kadın. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 1-33.
  • Ryall, J. “Japanese women struggle to have a voice in politics”. (2018, 5 Ekim). Erişim adresi https://www.dw.com/en/japanese-women-struggle-to-have-a-voice-in-politics/a-45767961
  • Satsuki K. “Japan's only female minister, is most widely seen as unfit for the post, a survey finds”. (2018, 14 Aralık). Erişim adresi https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/12/14/national/politics-diplomacy/satsuki-katayama-widely-seen-unfit-japans-cabinet-survey-finds/
  • Sheel, R. (2003). Women in Politics in Japan. Economic and Political Weekly, 38(39), 4097–4101.
  • Shizuko, K. (1994). The "Good Wife and Wise Mother" Ideology in Post—World War I Japan. (Translated by Sylvain, G.). U.S.-Japan Women's Journal. English Supplement, (7), 31-52.
  • Sievers, Sharon L. (1981), Feminist Criticism in Japanese Politics in the 1880s: The Experience of Kishida Toshiko, Signs, 6(4), 602-616.
  • Snow, N. “Why Yuriko Koike is the new face of brand Japan”. (2017, 12 Temmuz). Erişim adresi https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2017/07/12/commentary/japan-commentary/yuriko-koike-new-face-brand-japan/#.Xs-xum5uI2w
  • Stünkel, L. “Promoting Women in Politics: Japan’s Tepid Approach”. (2019, 14 Mayıs). Erişim adresi https://isdp.eu/women-in-politics-japan/
  • The World Bank. GDP (current US$)–Japan 2019. Erişim adresi GDP (current US$) - Japan | Data (worldbank.org)
  • “This Japanese Company Is Helping Moms Stay in the Workforce”. (20.12.2020). Erişim adresi This Japanese Company Is Helping Moms Stay in the Workforce | Japan Info (jpninfo.com)
  • Tsutsui, K. “Liberal Gender Equality Bill Passed in Conservative Japan”. (2018, 30 Temmuz). Erişim adresi https://thediplomat.com/2018/07/liberal-gender-equality-bill-passed-in-conservative-japan/
  • UNESCO Institute of Statistics. (2018). Japan. Erişim adresi http://uis.unesco.org/en/country/jp
  • United Government response to low fertility in Japan, United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Policy Responses to Low Ferility Policy Brief No. 11, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, (2015, 2-3 Kasım). Erişim adresi https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/events/pdf/expert/24/Policy_Briefs/PB_Japan.pdf
  • Ying, J. (2020). Schoolgirls’ Resistance of Ryōsai Kenbo in Late Meiji Period. 5th International Symposium on Social Science (ISSS 2019), Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research içinde (Cilt 415, 155-159. ss.). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200312.027
  • Wollstonecraft, M. (1792). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects. The Works of Mary Wollstonecraft.
  • “Women Cabinet Ministers in Japan”. (2018, 26 Temmuz). Erişim adresi https://www.nippon.com/en/features/h00247/

Japonya Siyasetinde Kadın: Liberal Demokrat Parti (LDP) Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2021, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 65 - 76, 20.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.952752

Abstract

Japonya, ekonomik veriler esas alındığında dünyanın en güçlü, teknoloji odaklı kalkınmayı en fazla başarabilmiş ülkelerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu yüksek kalkınmışlık düzeyinin yanında toplumsal sorunların daha az olması beklenmektedir. Ancak bu beklentinin karşılanamadığı en temel konulardan biri de kadınların siyasi alandaki durumudur. Seçim sistemi, şeffaflık, partilerin özgür bir ortamda siyaset yapabiliyor olması gibi pek çok gösterge Japonya’nın demokratik ülkeler kategorisinde gösterilme-sine vesile olmaktadır. Siyasi özgürlük ortamına rağmen toplumsal cinsiyet ve bunun eşit temsiliyetine bakıldığında ise ilginç bir tablo ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Beklentinin aksine kadınların siyasi hayatta çok daha az görünür oluşu dikkat çekicidir. Daha yakından bakıldığında, özellikle 1955’lerden bu yana iktidarda olan Liberal Demokrat Parti (LDP) özelinde Japon kadınlarının siyasetteki yerinin incelenmeye değer olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, Japonya’nın en uzun süre iktidarda kalmayı başarmış siyasi partisi incelenerek, kadının yerinin nasıl bir değişim geçirdiği sorusuna yanıt aranmaya çalışılacak-tır. Bu çalışmada, özellikle parti içindeki kadınların ne gibi zorluklarla karşılaştı-ğı ve kadın siyasetçi olarak hangi noktalarda eleştiri alarak siyaset dışı kalmaya zorlandıkları sorularına da odaklanılacaktır. Çalışma, LDP’nin uzun iktidarındaki kadın siyasetçilere odaklanıp bu örnekler üzerinden bir analiz yapmaya çalışacaktır. Çalışmanın sonunda, Japon siyasetinde bilhassa LDP özelinde kadınların siyasi alana katılımının nasıl olduğuna dair bulgulara ulaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. Böylece Türkçe literatürde Asya ülkelerine dair mevcut çalışma eksikliği de dikkate alınacak olursa, ilginç bir örnek olabileceği düşünülen LDP üzerinden Japonya’ya dair bir katkı sunmak hedeflenmektedir.

References

  • Assmann, S. (2014). Gender Equality in Japan: The Equal Employment Opportunity Law Revisited 日本における男女平等 雇用機会均等法再考. The Asia-Pacific Journal, 12(45/2). 1-24.
  • Brunell, L. ve Burkett, E. (2020, 23 Eylül). Feminism. Encyclopedia Britannica. Erişim adresi: https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism Bryson, V. (2003). Feminist Political Theory. NewYork: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Buchanan, K. Women in History: Voting Rights. The Library of Congress. (2015, 3 Mart). Erişim adresi https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2015/03/women-in-history-voting-rights/ CHIN-Canadian Heritage Information Network. (1999). School System Reform. Erişim adresi Cultural Life During the Meiji Restoration, Japan | Education During the Meiji Restoration, Japan | School System Reform (virtualmuseum.ca)
  • De Gouges, O. (1791). Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen. The French Revolution and Human Rights: A Brief Documentary History, (124-129.ss). Dalton, E. (2015). Women and Politics in Contemporary Japan. Londra: Taylor and Francis Inc.
  • Fisher, M. “Japanese politician wants to boost the national birthrate by banning abortion”. (2013, 26 Şubat). Erişim adresi https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/02/26/japanese-politician-wants-to-boost-the-national-birthrate-by-banning-abortion/
  • Fujimura-Fanselow, K. (1991). The Japanese Ideology of ‘Good Wives and Wise Mothers’: Trends in Contemporary Research. Gender & History, 3(3), 345-349. Gallais, A. “Japan: the right to abortion reaches a consensus”. (2014, 21 Mart). Erişim adresi http://www.genethique.org/en/content/japan-right-abortion-reaches-consensus#.Xs-piW5uI2w
  • Gaunder, A. (2015). Quota Nonadoption in Japan: The Role of the Women’s Movement and the Opposition. Politics & Gender, 11(3), 176-186. Itakura, K. “Noda, Seiko: Tackling Gender Imbalance in Japanese Politics”. (2020, 2 Nisan). Erişim adresi https://www.nippon.com/en/in-depth/d00543/noda-seiko-tackling-gender-imbalance-in-japanese-politics.html
  • “Japan enacts law to promote women's participation in politics”. (2018, 16 Mayıs). Erişim adresi https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/japan-enacts-law-to-promote-women-s-participation-in-politics/50000262-3617425
  • Kakuchi, S. “Can “Womenomics” Stem the Feminization of Poverty in Japan?”. (2014, 21 Eylül). Erişim adresi https://truthout.org/articles/can-womenomics-stem-the-feminization-of-poverty-in-japan/
  • Koshi, N. “How can we improve gender equality in Japan?”. (2015, 21 Nisan). Erişim adresi https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/04/how-can-we-improve-gender-equality-in-japan/
  • Kotake, S. Recent Legislation in Japan No.2018-1 Act on Promotion of Gender Equality in the Political Field. Institute of Comparative Law Waseda University, (2019, 15 Ocak). Erişim adresi https://www.waseda.jp/folaw/icl/news-en/2019/01/24/6503/
  • Lock, M. (1990), Restoring Order to the House of Japan. Wilson Quarterly, 14(4), 42-49. Lukminaite, S. (2015). Developments in Female Edcucation of Meiji Japan: As Seen from Jogaku Zasshi’s Editorials by Iwamoto Yoshiharu. The Central and Eastern European Online Library, 1, 9-22.
  • McCurry, J. “Shinzo Abe reshuffle leaves just one woman in Japanese cabinet”. (2018, 3 Ekim). Erişim adresi https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/03/shinzo-abe-reshuffle-leaves-just-one-woman-in-japanese-cabinet-satsuki-katayama
  • Miura, M. “Japan’s Leader Wants to Empower Women, Just Not in His Party”. (2019, 26 Temmuz). Erişim adresi https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/26/opinion/japan-women-abe-election.html
  • Nakano, Y. Japan Chair Platform: Among Equals? Women in Japanese Politics. Center for Strategic and International Studies. (2013, 11 Temmuz). Erişim adresi https://www.csis.org/analysis/japan-chair-platform-among-equals-women-japanese-politics
  • Nolte, S. H. (1986). Women's Rights and Society's Needs: Japan's 1931 Suffrage. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 28(4), 690-714.
  • Ogai, T. (2001). Japanese Women and Political Institutions: Why are Women Politically Underrepresented ?. PS: Political Science & Politics, 34(2), 207-210.
  • Oi, Mariko. “Tokyo elects Yuriko Koike as first female governor”. (2016, 1 Ağustos). Erişim adresi https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36935083
  • Okuda, K. “Japan's female employment tops 50% for 1st time in half-century”. (2019, 2 Şubat). Erişim adresi https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Japan-s-female-employment-tops-50-for-1st-time-in-half-century
  • Olsen, K. “Meet the woman hoping to succeed Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe”. (2019, 1 Nisan). Erişim adresi https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/02/meet-the-woman-hoping-to-succeed-japanese-prime-minister-shinzo-abe.html
  • Osaki, T. “Yuriko Koike's new party, Kibo no To, vows to alter Japan's political landscape”. (2017, 27 Eylül). Erişim adresi https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2017/09/27/national/politics-diplomacy/yuriko-koike-new-party-take-ldp-vowing-alter-japans-political-landscape/#.Xq7Ud25uI2w Önez Çetin, Z. ve Yılmaz, N. (2016). Japonya’da Yerel Yönetimlerin İdari ve Mali Yapısı Üzerine Bir İnceleme, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(4), 1213-1237.
  • Öztürk, Z. A. (2012). Uluslararası Siyasette ve Karar Alma Mekanizmalarında Kadın. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 1-33.
  • Ryall, J. “Japanese women struggle to have a voice in politics”. (2018, 5 Ekim). Erişim adresi https://www.dw.com/en/japanese-women-struggle-to-have-a-voice-in-politics/a-45767961
  • Satsuki K. “Japan's only female minister, is most widely seen as unfit for the post, a survey finds”. (2018, 14 Aralık). Erişim adresi https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/12/14/national/politics-diplomacy/satsuki-katayama-widely-seen-unfit-japans-cabinet-survey-finds/
  • Sheel, R. (2003). Women in Politics in Japan. Economic and Political Weekly, 38(39), 4097–4101.
  • Shizuko, K. (1994). The "Good Wife and Wise Mother" Ideology in Post—World War I Japan. (Translated by Sylvain, G.). U.S.-Japan Women's Journal. English Supplement, (7), 31-52.
  • Sievers, Sharon L. (1981), Feminist Criticism in Japanese Politics in the 1880s: The Experience of Kishida Toshiko, Signs, 6(4), 602-616.
  • Snow, N. “Why Yuriko Koike is the new face of brand Japan”. (2017, 12 Temmuz). Erişim adresi https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2017/07/12/commentary/japan-commentary/yuriko-koike-new-face-brand-japan/#.Xs-xum5uI2w
  • Stünkel, L. “Promoting Women in Politics: Japan’s Tepid Approach”. (2019, 14 Mayıs). Erişim adresi https://isdp.eu/women-in-politics-japan/
  • The World Bank. GDP (current US$)–Japan 2019. Erişim adresi GDP (current US$) - Japan | Data (worldbank.org)
  • “This Japanese Company Is Helping Moms Stay in the Workforce”. (20.12.2020). Erişim adresi This Japanese Company Is Helping Moms Stay in the Workforce | Japan Info (jpninfo.com)
  • Tsutsui, K. “Liberal Gender Equality Bill Passed in Conservative Japan”. (2018, 30 Temmuz). Erişim adresi https://thediplomat.com/2018/07/liberal-gender-equality-bill-passed-in-conservative-japan/
  • UNESCO Institute of Statistics. (2018). Japan. Erişim adresi http://uis.unesco.org/en/country/jp
  • United Government response to low fertility in Japan, United Nations Expert Group Meeting on Policy Responses to Low Ferility Policy Brief No. 11, United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, (2015, 2-3 Kasım). Erişim adresi https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/events/pdf/expert/24/Policy_Briefs/PB_Japan.pdf
  • Ying, J. (2020). Schoolgirls’ Resistance of Ryōsai Kenbo in Late Meiji Period. 5th International Symposium on Social Science (ISSS 2019), Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research içinde (Cilt 415, 155-159. ss.). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200312.027
  • Wollstonecraft, M. (1792). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects. The Works of Mary Wollstonecraft.
  • “Women Cabinet Ministers in Japan”. (2018, 26 Temmuz). Erişim adresi https://www.nippon.com/en/features/h00247/
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hatice Çelik 0000-0003-1409-8865

Güler Ceren Çoker 0000-0001-5276-6620

Publication Date June 20, 2021
Submission Date October 29, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çelik, H., & Çoker, G. C. (2021). Japonya Siyasetinde Kadın: Liberal Demokrat Parti (LDP) Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.952752
AMA Çelik H, Çoker GC. Japonya Siyasetinde Kadın: Liberal Demokrat Parti (LDP) Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. June 2021;22(1):65-76. doi:10.17494/ogusbd.952752
Chicago Çelik, Hatice, and Güler Ceren Çoker. “Japonya Siyasetinde Kadın: Liberal Demokrat Parti (LDP) Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22, no. 1 (June 2021): 65-76. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.952752.
EndNote Çelik H, Çoker GC (June 1, 2021) Japonya Siyasetinde Kadın: Liberal Demokrat Parti (LDP) Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22 1 65–76.
IEEE H. Çelik and G. C. Çoker, “Japonya Siyasetinde Kadın: Liberal Demokrat Parti (LDP) Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme”, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 65–76, 2021, doi: 10.17494/ogusbd.952752.
ISNAD Çelik, Hatice - Çoker, Güler Ceren. “Japonya Siyasetinde Kadın: Liberal Demokrat Parti (LDP) Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22/1 (June 2021), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.17494/ogusbd.952752.
JAMA Çelik H, Çoker GC. Japonya Siyasetinde Kadın: Liberal Demokrat Parti (LDP) Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2021;22:65–76.
MLA Çelik, Hatice and Güler Ceren Çoker. “Japonya Siyasetinde Kadın: Liberal Demokrat Parti (LDP) Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme”. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 1, 2021, pp. 65-76, doi:10.17494/ogusbd.952752.
Vancouver Çelik H, Çoker GC. Japonya Siyasetinde Kadın: Liberal Demokrat Parti (LDP) Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2021;22(1):65-76.