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How Do International Trade, Globalization and Fossil Energy Use Affect Environmental Degradation in MIST and BRICS countries?: Panel Data Analysis Estimation

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 475 - 484, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.971314

Abstract

The increase in carbon emissions is the most important cause of environmental pollution The carbon emission rates has a specific effect on many environmental factors, especially climate change. It is an important fact to increase the share of environmental technologies in order to reduce carbon emissions and prevent global warming in countries. With their economic performance, high growth rate, industrialization policies and efforts, carbon emissions in BRICS and MIST countries are also high. Within the scope of the study, the relationship between CO2 emission and emission determining factors for MIST and BRICS countries, second generation panel data analysis estimation methods has been researched between 1990-2018. According to the results obtained; In both country groups, the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is valid. While GDP per capita increases by 1.9% in MIST countries, this increase is 1.1% in BRICS countries. The effect of globalization; While it was positive and significant in BRICS countries, it was negative and significant in MIST countries. Energy use increases the carbon emissions of both country groups. In MIST countries, openness is meaningless, whereas in BRICS countries, openness reduces carbon emissions.

References

  • Al-Mulali, U., & Öztürk, İ. (2016). The investigation of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the advanced economies: The role of energy prices. Renew Sust Energ Rev, 54, 1622-1631.
  • Amin, A., Aziz, B., & Liu, X. H. (2020). The relationship between urbanization, technology innovation, trade openness, and CO2 emissions: Evidence from a panel of Asian countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-15.
  • Bimanatya, T. E. (2018). Fossil fuels consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in Indonesia.
  • Breusch, T. S., ve Pagan, A. R. (1980), The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), ss:239-253.
  • Chen, W., & Lei, Y. (2018). The impacts of renewable energy and technological innovation on environment-energy-growth nexus: New evidence from a panel quantile regression. Renew Energy, 123, 1-14.
  • Cho, C. H., Chu, Y. P. & Yang, H. Y. (2014). An environment kuznets curve for ghg emissions: a panel cointegration analysis. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 9(2), 120-129.
  • Çetin, M., Ecevit, E., & Yucel, A. G. (2018). The impact of economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness, and financial development on carbon emissions: empirical evidence from Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(36), 36589-36603
  • Demir, M. A. (2020) BRICS Ülkelerinde Ticari Dinamikler: Türkiye ile BRICS Grubu Ülkelerin Ticari Yoğunluk Analizi Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, TBMM 100. Yıl Özel Sayısı, 109-133 DOI: 10.33905/bseusbed.748704
  • Destek, M. A. (2020). Investigation on the role of economic, social, and political globalization on environment: evidence from CEECs. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(27), 33601-33614.
  • Destek, M. A. & Ozsoy, F. N. (2015). Relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, globalization, urbanization and environmental degradation in Turkey International Journal of Energy and Statistics, 3(4), 1- 13.
  • Doğan, E., & Turkekul, B. (2016). CO2 emissions, real output, energy consumption, trade, urbanization and financial development: Testing the EKC hypothesis for the USA. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(2), 1203-1213.
  • Dogan, E., & Seker, F. (2016). The influence of real output, renewable and non-renewable energy, trade and financial development on carbon emissions in the top renewable energy countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 1074-1085.
  • Ertugrul, H. M., Cetin, M., Seker, F., & Dogan, E. (2016). The impact of trade openness on global carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from the top ten emitters among developing countries. Ecological Indicators, 67, 543-555.
  • Farhani, S., & Ozturk, I. (2015). Causal relationship between CO 2 emissions, real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, trade openness, and urbanization in Tunisia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(20), 15663-15676.
  • Gokmenoglu, K. K., & Sadeghieh, M. (2019). Financial development, CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption and economic growth: the case of Turkey. Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, 38(4), 7-28.
  • Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a north American free trade agreement, NBER Working Paper, No.3914, Washington.
  • Hasson, A., & Masih, M. (2017). Energy consumption, trade openness, economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions and electricity consumption: evidence from South Africa based on ARDL.
  • International Energy Agency (IEA) (2021). Data and Statistics. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics
  • Jebli, M. B., & Youssef, S. B. (2015). The environmental Kuznets curve, economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy, and trade in Tunisia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 47, 173-185.
  • Kalaycı, C. (2019). The impact of economic globalization on CO2 emissions. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2019, 9(1), 356-360.
  • Khan, M. K., Teng, J. Z., Khan, M. I., & Khan, M. O. (2019). Impact of globalization, economic factors and energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Pakistan. Science of the total environment, 688, 424-436.
  • Koc, S., & Bulus, G. C. (2020). Testing validity of the EKC hypothesis in South Korea: role of renewable energy and trade openness. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(23), 29043-29054.
  • KOF Swiss Economic Institute (2021). KOF Time Series Database. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics
  • Lau, L. S., Choong, C. K., & Eng, Y. K. (2014). Investigation of the environmental kuznets curve for carbon emissions in Malaysia: do foreign direct investment and trade matter?. Energy Policy, 68, 490-497.
  • Liu, M., Ren, X., Cheng, C., & Wang, Z. (2020). The role of globalization in CO2 emissions: a semi-parametric panel data analysis for G7. Science of the Total Environment, 718, 137379.
  • Lotfalipour, M. R., Falahi, M. A., & Ashena, M. (2010). Economic growth, CO2 emissions, and fossil fuels consumption in Iran. Energy, 35(12), 5115-5120.
  • Muhammad, B. (2019). Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in developed, emerging and Middle East and North Africa countries. Energy, 179, 232-245.
  • Omri, A., Daly, S., Rault, C., & Chaibi, A. (2015). Financial development, environmental quality, trade and economic growth: What causes what in MENA countries. Energy Economics, 48, 242-252.
  • Özpolat, A., & Özsoy, F. N. (2021). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Çevresel Bozulmayı Azaltıyor Mu? Türkiye Örneği. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 13(24), 49-60.
  • Öztürk, I. & Acaravcı, A. (2013). The long-run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey. Energy Economics, 36, 262-267.
  • Pata, U. K. (2019). Environmental kuznets curve and trade openness in Turkey: bootstrap ardl approach with a structural break. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(20), 20264-20276.
  • Pedroni, P. (2000). Fully Modified OLS for Heterogeneous Cointegrated Panels. Nonstationary Panels, Panel Cointegration and Dynamic Panels, Volume 15, ss:93–130.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. IZA Discussion Paper, 1240
  • Pesaran, M.H., (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. J. Appl. Econ. 22 (2), ss: 265–312
  • Rafindadi, A. A., & Usman, O. (2019). Globalization, energy use, and environmental degradation in South Africa: startling empirical evidence from the Maki-cointegration test. Journal of environmental management, 244, 265-275.
  • Rafindadi, A. A., Yusof, Z., Zaman, K., Kyophilavong, P., & Akhmat, G. (2014). The relationship between air pollution, fossil fuel energy consumption, and water resources in the panel of selected Asia-Pacific countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(19), 11395-11400.
  • Raza, S. A., & Shah, N. (2018). Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in G7 countries: The role of renewable energy consumption and trade. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(27), 26965-26977.
  • Shafik, N., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992). Economic growth and environmental quality: Time series and cross-country evidence (English). Policy, Research Working Papers; No. WPS 904. World Development Report, World Bank Group.
  • Shahbaz, M., Hye, Q. M. A., Tiwari, A. K., & Leitão, N. C. (2013). Economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, international trade and CO2 emissions in Indonesia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 109-121.
  • Shahbaz, M., Nasreen, S., Ahmed, K., & Hammoudeh, S. (2017). Trade openness–carbon emissions nexus: The importance of turning points of trade openness for country panels. Energy Econ, 61, 221-232.
  • Sinha, A., Shahbaz, M., & Balsalobre, D. (2017). Exploring the relationship between energy usage segregation and environmental degradation in N-11 countries. J Clean Prod, 168, 1217-1229.
  • Tachie, A. K., Xingle, L., Dauda, L., Mensah, C. N., Appiah-Twum, F., & Mensah, I. A. (2020). The influence of trade openness on environmental pollution in EU-18 countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-21.
  • Tamazian, A., & Rao, B. B. (2010). Do economic, financial and institutional developments matter for environmental degradation? Evidence from transitional economies. Energy economics, 32(1), 137-145.
  • Uzar, U., & Eyuboglu, K. (2020). Do natural resources heal the environment? empirical evidence from Turkey. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 1-10.
  • Westerlund, J. (2007). Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data. Oxford Bulletin Of Economics and Statistics. 69(6), ss:709-748
  • World Bank, (2021). World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/home.aspx
  • Zhang, S., Liu, X., & Bae, J. (2017). Does trade openness affect CO2 emissions: evidence from ten newly industrialized countries?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(21), 17616-17625.

MIST ve BRICS ülkelerinde Uluslararası Ticaret, Küreselleşme ve Fosil Enerji Kullanımı Çevresel Bozulmayı Nasıl Etkiliyor?: Panel Veri Analizi Tahmini

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 475 - 484, 30.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.971314

Abstract

Karbon emisyonundaki artış, çevre kirliliğinin en önemli sebeplerden biridir. Karbon emisyon oranları, iklim değişikliği gibi çevresel faktörler üzerinde belirgin derecede etkiye sahiptir. Ülkelerde karbon emisyonunun azaltılması ve küresel ısınmanın önlenmesi amacıyla çevre teknolojilerinin payının arttırılması önemli bir gerçektir. Gösterdikleri ekonomik performans, yüksek büyüme hızı, sanayileşme politikaları ve çabaları ile BRICS ve MIST ülkelerindeki karbon emisyonu da yüksektir. Çalışma kapsamında MIST ile BRICS ülkeleri için CO2 emisyonu ve emisyonu belirleyen faktörler arasındaki ilişki, 1990-2018 yılları arasında ikinci nesil panel veri analizi tahmin yöntemleri ile araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçları göre; her iki ülke grubunda Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezi geçerlidir. MIST ülkelerinde kişi başına düşen milli gelir emisyonu % 1.9 oranında artırırken, BRICS ülkelerinde bu artış %1.1’dir. Küreselleşmenin etkisi; BRICS ülkelerinde pozitif ve anlamlı iken, MIST ülkelerinde negatif ve anlamlı olarak elde edilmiştir. Enerji kullanımı her iki ülke grubunun da karbon emisyonunu artırmaktadır. MIST ülkelerinde dışa açıklık anlamsız, BRICS ülkelerinde ise dışa açıklık karbon emisyonunu azaltmaktadır.

References

  • Al-Mulali, U., & Öztürk, İ. (2016). The investigation of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the advanced economies: The role of energy prices. Renew Sust Energ Rev, 54, 1622-1631.
  • Amin, A., Aziz, B., & Liu, X. H. (2020). The relationship between urbanization, technology innovation, trade openness, and CO2 emissions: Evidence from a panel of Asian countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-15.
  • Bimanatya, T. E. (2018). Fossil fuels consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in Indonesia.
  • Breusch, T. S., ve Pagan, A. R. (1980), The Lagrange Multiplier Test and Its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), ss:239-253.
  • Chen, W., & Lei, Y. (2018). The impacts of renewable energy and technological innovation on environment-energy-growth nexus: New evidence from a panel quantile regression. Renew Energy, 123, 1-14.
  • Cho, C. H., Chu, Y. P. & Yang, H. Y. (2014). An environment kuznets curve for ghg emissions: a panel cointegration analysis. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 9(2), 120-129.
  • Çetin, M., Ecevit, E., & Yucel, A. G. (2018). The impact of economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness, and financial development on carbon emissions: empirical evidence from Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(36), 36589-36603
  • Demir, M. A. (2020) BRICS Ülkelerinde Ticari Dinamikler: Türkiye ile BRICS Grubu Ülkelerin Ticari Yoğunluk Analizi Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, TBMM 100. Yıl Özel Sayısı, 109-133 DOI: 10.33905/bseusbed.748704
  • Destek, M. A. (2020). Investigation on the role of economic, social, and political globalization on environment: evidence from CEECs. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(27), 33601-33614.
  • Destek, M. A. & Ozsoy, F. N. (2015). Relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, globalization, urbanization and environmental degradation in Turkey International Journal of Energy and Statistics, 3(4), 1- 13.
  • Doğan, E., & Turkekul, B. (2016). CO2 emissions, real output, energy consumption, trade, urbanization and financial development: Testing the EKC hypothesis for the USA. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(2), 1203-1213.
  • Dogan, E., & Seker, F. (2016). The influence of real output, renewable and non-renewable energy, trade and financial development on carbon emissions in the top renewable energy countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60, 1074-1085.
  • Ertugrul, H. M., Cetin, M., Seker, F., & Dogan, E. (2016). The impact of trade openness on global carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from the top ten emitters among developing countries. Ecological Indicators, 67, 543-555.
  • Farhani, S., & Ozturk, I. (2015). Causal relationship between CO 2 emissions, real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, trade openness, and urbanization in Tunisia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(20), 15663-15676.
  • Gokmenoglu, K. K., & Sadeghieh, M. (2019). Financial development, CO2 emissions, fossil fuel consumption and economic growth: the case of Turkey. Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment, 38(4), 7-28.
  • Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a north American free trade agreement, NBER Working Paper, No.3914, Washington.
  • Hasson, A., & Masih, M. (2017). Energy consumption, trade openness, economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions and electricity consumption: evidence from South Africa based on ARDL.
  • International Energy Agency (IEA) (2021). Data and Statistics. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics
  • Jebli, M. B., & Youssef, S. B. (2015). The environmental Kuznets curve, economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy, and trade in Tunisia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 47, 173-185.
  • Kalaycı, C. (2019). The impact of economic globalization on CO2 emissions. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2019, 9(1), 356-360.
  • Khan, M. K., Teng, J. Z., Khan, M. I., & Khan, M. O. (2019). Impact of globalization, economic factors and energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Pakistan. Science of the total environment, 688, 424-436.
  • Koc, S., & Bulus, G. C. (2020). Testing validity of the EKC hypothesis in South Korea: role of renewable energy and trade openness. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(23), 29043-29054.
  • KOF Swiss Economic Institute (2021). KOF Time Series Database. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics
  • Lau, L. S., Choong, C. K., & Eng, Y. K. (2014). Investigation of the environmental kuznets curve for carbon emissions in Malaysia: do foreign direct investment and trade matter?. Energy Policy, 68, 490-497.
  • Liu, M., Ren, X., Cheng, C., & Wang, Z. (2020). The role of globalization in CO2 emissions: a semi-parametric panel data analysis for G7. Science of the Total Environment, 718, 137379.
  • Lotfalipour, M. R., Falahi, M. A., & Ashena, M. (2010). Economic growth, CO2 emissions, and fossil fuels consumption in Iran. Energy, 35(12), 5115-5120.
  • Muhammad, B. (2019). Energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in developed, emerging and Middle East and North Africa countries. Energy, 179, 232-245.
  • Omri, A., Daly, S., Rault, C., & Chaibi, A. (2015). Financial development, environmental quality, trade and economic growth: What causes what in MENA countries. Energy Economics, 48, 242-252.
  • Özpolat, A., & Özsoy, F. N. (2021). Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Çevresel Bozulmayı Azaltıyor Mu? Türkiye Örneği. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 13(24), 49-60.
  • Öztürk, I. & Acaravcı, A. (2013). The long-run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey. Energy Economics, 36, 262-267.
  • Pata, U. K. (2019). Environmental kuznets curve and trade openness in Turkey: bootstrap ardl approach with a structural break. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(20), 20264-20276.
  • Pedroni, P. (2000). Fully Modified OLS for Heterogeneous Cointegrated Panels. Nonstationary Panels, Panel Cointegration and Dynamic Panels, Volume 15, ss:93–130.
  • Pesaran, M.H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. IZA Discussion Paper, 1240
  • Pesaran, M.H., (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. J. Appl. Econ. 22 (2), ss: 265–312
  • Rafindadi, A. A., & Usman, O. (2019). Globalization, energy use, and environmental degradation in South Africa: startling empirical evidence from the Maki-cointegration test. Journal of environmental management, 244, 265-275.
  • Rafindadi, A. A., Yusof, Z., Zaman, K., Kyophilavong, P., & Akhmat, G. (2014). The relationship between air pollution, fossil fuel energy consumption, and water resources in the panel of selected Asia-Pacific countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(19), 11395-11400.
  • Raza, S. A., & Shah, N. (2018). Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in G7 countries: The role of renewable energy consumption and trade. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(27), 26965-26977.
  • Shafik, N., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992). Economic growth and environmental quality: Time series and cross-country evidence (English). Policy, Research Working Papers; No. WPS 904. World Development Report, World Bank Group.
  • Shahbaz, M., Hye, Q. M. A., Tiwari, A. K., & Leitão, N. C. (2013). Economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, international trade and CO2 emissions in Indonesia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 109-121.
  • Shahbaz, M., Nasreen, S., Ahmed, K., & Hammoudeh, S. (2017). Trade openness–carbon emissions nexus: The importance of turning points of trade openness for country panels. Energy Econ, 61, 221-232.
  • Sinha, A., Shahbaz, M., & Balsalobre, D. (2017). Exploring the relationship between energy usage segregation and environmental degradation in N-11 countries. J Clean Prod, 168, 1217-1229.
  • Tachie, A. K., Xingle, L., Dauda, L., Mensah, C. N., Appiah-Twum, F., & Mensah, I. A. (2020). The influence of trade openness on environmental pollution in EU-18 countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-21.
  • Tamazian, A., & Rao, B. B. (2010). Do economic, financial and institutional developments matter for environmental degradation? Evidence from transitional economies. Energy economics, 32(1), 137-145.
  • Uzar, U., & Eyuboglu, K. (2020). Do natural resources heal the environment? empirical evidence from Turkey. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 1-10.
  • Westerlund, J. (2007). Testing for Error Correction in Panel Data. Oxford Bulletin Of Economics and Statistics. 69(6), ss:709-748
  • World Bank, (2021). World Development Indicators. https://databank.worldbank.org/home.aspx
  • Zhang, S., Liu, X., & Bae, J. (2017). Does trade openness affect CO2 emissions: evidence from ten newly industrialized countries?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(21), 17616-17625.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Original Research Articles
Authors

Metin Yıldırım 0000-0002-7197-2523

Aslı Özpolat 0000-0002-1769-3654

Ferda Nakıpoğlu Özsoy 0000-0002-5593-413X

Publication Date November 30, 2021
Submission Date July 14, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 24 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yıldırım, M., Özpolat, A., & Nakıpoğlu Özsoy, F. (2021). MIST ve BRICS ülkelerinde Uluslararası Ticaret, Küreselleşme ve Fosil Enerji Kullanımı Çevresel Bozulmayı Nasıl Etkiliyor?: Panel Veri Analizi Tahmini. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 24(2), 475-484. https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.971314

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