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EKONOMİ VE DEMOKRASİ İLİŞKİSİ: KENYA VE ETİYOPYA ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 19 - 25, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.30711/utead.1338950

Abstract

Özellikle Sanayi Devrimi ve Karl Marx’ın siyasi iktisat alanındaki çalışmalarından sonra ekonomi ile demokrasi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi popülerlik kazanmıştır. Bu ilişki kapsamında genel olarak ortaya konan ifade “ekonomik gelişmelerden demokratik gelişmeye doğru işleyen bir neden-sonuç” ilişkisi olduğu yönündedir. Bu sebeple, söz konusu ilişkiye göre, ekonomik açıdan gerekli gelişme düzeyine ulaşan ülkelerde demokrasinin gelişimi anlamında da ihtiyaç duyulan gelişme gerçekleşmektedir. Weber tarafından ortaya konulduğu üzere, modern anlamda gerekli koşulları taşıyan bir demokrasiye ulaşabilmek için öncelikle kapitalist sanayinin gelişmesi gerekmektedir. Ekonomiden demokrasiye doğru gerçekleşen bu akışa göre, ekonominin belirli alanlarındaki göstergeleri daha üst seviyede olan ülkelerin demokratik hükümet şekilleri geliştirmeye daha eğilimli olduğu belirtilmiştir. Söz konusu bu durum, birçok nicel çalışma tarafından da tespit edilerek, ekonomik gelişmeden demokratik gelişmeye ulaşan akış doğrulanmıştır. Bu durumun nedenleri arasında, ekonomik gelişmenin eğitimin gelişmesine katkı sağlaması; kırdan kente göçü artırarak kentli bir değer olan demokrasiye yönelik zihinsel yapıyı güçlendirmesi; tarımsal faaliyetlerden endüstriyel faaliyetlere geçişi artırması bulunmaktadır. İfade edilen nedenler bir araya gelerek, sonuçta nüfusun daha açık bir toplum haline gelmesi sağlanmış, bu sayede toplumlarda demokrasiye yönelik bir sistem yönündeki arzuları artırmıştır. Dolayısıyla, birçok yazar tarafından araştırma konusu yapılan ekonomi-demokrasi ilişkisi, bu çalışmada birbirine komşu olan iki Afrika ülkesi üzerinden değerlendirilmiş ve ekonomiden demokrasiye doğru olan akışın Kenya ve Etiyopya açısından geçerli olduğu saptanmıştır.

References

  • Açıkgöz, Ö., "The Thoughts and Comments of Important Sociologists on the Concept of "Social Class" as a Problematic Subject of Sociology", Journal of Istanbul Sociology Conferences, 2011 (26), pp. 281-308.
  • Dahl, R., (2010), On Democracy, (2nd edition), Phoenix Publishing House, Ankara.
  • Edgar, A. and P., Sedgwick, (2007), Dictionary of Key Concepts in Cultural Theory, (trans. Mesut Karaşahan), (1st edition), Açılım Kitap, Istanbul.
  • Embassy of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia London UK, “The Federal Government of Ethiopia”, Retrieved February 5, 2023 from https://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/political-affairs/government-of-ethiopia/.
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  • Jent, H. C., “Demos Kratos: Democracy, Old and New”, The Social Studies, 1967/58, (6), pp. 242-245. Lipset, S. M., “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy”, The American Political Science Review, 1959/53, (1), pp. 69-105.
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  • Przeworski, A. et. al., (2003), Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World 1950-1990, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Robinson, J. A., “Economic Development and Democracy”, Annual Review of Political Science, 2006/9, pp. 503-527.
  • Roccas, M. ve T. Padoa-Schioppa, (2001), “Economic Change and the Process of Democratization in Southern Europe”, Economic Transformation, Democratization and Integration into the European Union, (2nd edition), ed. Gibson, H. D., Palgrave, Hampshire.
  • The World Bank, (2023a) “Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (Current US$) – Ethiopia”, Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.ADJ.NNTY.PC.CD?locations=ET.
  • The World Bank, (2023b) “Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (Current US$) – Kenya”, Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.ADJ.NNTY.PC.CD?locations=KE.
  • The World Bank, (2023d), “Employment in Agriculture (% of total employment) (Modeled ILO Estimate) – Kenya, Ethiopia”, Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=KE-ET.
  • The World Bank, (2023c), “Energy Use (Kg of Oil Equivalent per Capita) – Kenya, Ethiopia”, Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE?locations=KE-ET.
  • The World Bank, (2023e), “Urban Population (% of total Population) – Ethiopia, Kenya”, Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=ET-KE.
  • Tilly, C., (2011), Democracy, (trans. Ebru Arcan), (1st edition), Phoenix Publishing House, Ankara.
  • UNDP Human Development Reports, (2023), “Human Development Insights”, Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/country-insights#/ranks.
  • V-Dem Varieties of Democracy, “The V-Dem Project”, (2023), Retrieved February 12, 2023 from https://www.v-dem.net/about/v-dem-project/.
  • Würzburg University, “Democracy Matrix”, (2023), Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://www.democracymatrix.com/.

ECONOMY AND DEMOCRACY RELATIONSHIP: THE CASE OF KENYA AND ETHIOPIA

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 19 - 25, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.30711/utead.1338950

Abstract

Especially after the Industrial Revolution and Karl Marx's studies in political economy, the examination of the relationship among economy and democracy has gained popularity. The expression generally put forward within the scope of this relationship is that there is a cause-effect relationship that works from economic developments to democratic development. Hence, based on the aforementioned correlation, the attainment of the requisite level of economic progress constitutes a prerequisite for the development of democracy in a given nation. As put forward by Weber, in order to reach a democracy that has the necessary conditions in the modern sense, capitalist industry must first develop. According to this flow from economy to democracy, it is stated that countries with higher indicators in certain areas of the economy are more inclined to develop democratic forms of government. This situation has been determined by many quantitative studies and the flow from economic development to democratic development has been confirmed. Among the reasons for this situation are that economic development contributes to the development of education and strengthens the mental structure towards democracy. The stated reasons came together and the result was that the population became a more open society, thus increasing the desires of societies for a democratic system. In light of this, this study has appraised the correlation between the economy and democracy, and has ascertained that the flow from the economy to democracy holds true for both Kenya and Ethiopia.

References

  • Açıkgöz, Ö., "The Thoughts and Comments of Important Sociologists on the Concept of "Social Class" as a Problematic Subject of Sociology", Journal of Istanbul Sociology Conferences, 2011 (26), pp. 281-308.
  • Dahl, R., (2010), On Democracy, (2nd edition), Phoenix Publishing House, Ankara.
  • Edgar, A. and P., Sedgwick, (2007), Dictionary of Key Concepts in Cultural Theory, (trans. Mesut Karaşahan), (1st edition), Açılım Kitap, Istanbul.
  • Embassy of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia London UK, “The Federal Government of Ethiopia”, Retrieved February 5, 2023 from https://www.ethioembassy.org.uk/political-affairs/government-of-ethiopia/.
  • Embassy of the Republic of Kenya in Japan, “The Government and the Political System”, Retrieved February 5, 2023 from http://www.kenyarep-jp.com/en/kenya/government/. Freedom House, “Explore the Map”, Retrieved February 12, 2023 from https://freedomhouse.org/explore-the-map?type=fiw&year=2022.
  • Held, D., (2006), Models of Democracy, (3rd edition), Polity Press, Cambridge. Helliwell, J. F., “Empirical Linkages Between Democracy and Economic Growth”, British Journal of Political Science, 1994/24, (2), pp. 225-248.
  • Huber, E., Rueschemeyer, D. and J. D. Stephens, “The Impact of Economic Development on Democracy”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1993/7, (3), pp. 71-85.
  • Jent, H. C., “Demos Kratos: Democracy, Old and New”, The Social Studies, 1967/58, (6), pp. 242-245. Lipset, S. M., “Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy”, The American Political Science Review, 1959/53, (1), pp. 69-105.
  • Our World in Data, (2023), “Democracy”, Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://ourworldindata.org/democracy.
  • Pourgerami, A., “The Political Economy of Development: A Cross-National Causality Test of Development-Democracy-Growth Hypothesis”, Public Choice, 1988/58,(2), pp. 123-141.
  • Przeworski, A. et. al., (2003), Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World 1950-1990, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Robinson, J. A., “Economic Development and Democracy”, Annual Review of Political Science, 2006/9, pp. 503-527.
  • Roccas, M. ve T. Padoa-Schioppa, (2001), “Economic Change and the Process of Democratization in Southern Europe”, Economic Transformation, Democratization and Integration into the European Union, (2nd edition), ed. Gibson, H. D., Palgrave, Hampshire.
  • The World Bank, (2023a) “Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (Current US$) – Ethiopia”, Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.ADJ.NNTY.PC.CD?locations=ET.
  • The World Bank, (2023b) “Adjusted Net National Income per Capita (Current US$) – Kenya”, Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.ADJ.NNTY.PC.CD?locations=KE.
  • The World Bank, (2023d), “Employment in Agriculture (% of total employment) (Modeled ILO Estimate) – Kenya, Ethiopia”, Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=KE-ET.
  • The World Bank, (2023c), “Energy Use (Kg of Oil Equivalent per Capita) – Kenya, Ethiopia”, Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE?locations=KE-ET.
  • The World Bank, (2023e), “Urban Population (% of total Population) – Ethiopia, Kenya”, Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=ET-KE.
  • Tilly, C., (2011), Democracy, (trans. Ebru Arcan), (1st edition), Phoenix Publishing House, Ankara.
  • UNDP Human Development Reports, (2023), “Human Development Insights”, Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/country-insights#/ranks.
  • V-Dem Varieties of Democracy, “The V-Dem Project”, (2023), Retrieved February 12, 2023 from https://www.v-dem.net/about/v-dem-project/.
  • Würzburg University, “Democracy Matrix”, (2023), Retrieved January 31, 2023 from https://www.democracymatrix.com/.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Comparative Economic Systems, Political Economy
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Taner Akçacı 0000-0002-5343-0894

Göksel Türker 0000-0003-3589-8271

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akçacı, T., & Türker, G. (2023). ECONOMY AND DEMOCRACY RELATIONSHIP: THE CASE OF KENYA AND ETHIOPIA. Uluslararası Ticaret Ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.30711/utead.1338950