Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 1 - 21, 11.07.2023

Ayşe Kayacı

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1160731

Abstract

References

  • Aguilera, R. V., Crespí-Cladera, R., Infantes, P. M. and Pascual-Fuster, B. (2020) "Business groups and internationalization: Effective identification and future agenda", Journal of World Business, 55(4).
  • Aharoni, Y. and Ramamurti, R. (2011) "The Evolution of Multinationals" The Future of Foreign Direct Investment and the Multinational Enterprise (Vol. 15, pp. 113–135).
  • Amsden, A. H. (2009) "Does firm ownership matter? POEs vs. FOEs in the developing world" Ramamurti, Ravi and Singh, J. V. (eds), Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets (pp. 64–78). New York, Cambridge University Press.
  • Anderson, R. C. and Reeb, D. M. (2003) "Founding-Family Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from the S&P 500", The Journal of Finance, 58(3):1301–1328.
  • Bhaumik, S. K., Driffield, N. and Pal, S. (2010) "Does ownership structure of emerging-market firms affect their outward FDI the case of the Indian automotive and pharmaceutical sectors", Journal of International Business Studies, 41(3): 437–450.
  • Bilgili, T. V., Kedia, B. L. and Bilgili, H. (2016) "Exploring the influence of resource environments on absorptive capacity development: The case of emerging market firms", Journal of World Business, 51(5): 700–712.
  • Bonaglia, F., Goldstein, A. and Mathews, J. A. (2007) "Accelerated internationalization by emerging markets’ multinationals: The case of the white goods sector", Journal of World Business, 42(4): 369–383.
  • Buğra, A. (1995) "Devlet ve Işadamları: State and Business in Modern Turkey; a Comparative Study", İletişim Yayınları.
  • Castellacci, F. (2015) "Institutional Voids or Organizational Resilience? Business Groups, Innovation, and Market Development in Latin America", World Development, 70: 43–58.
  • Chang, S. J. and Hong, J. (2000) "Economic performance of group-affiliated companies in Korea : Intragroup Resource Sharing and Internal Business Transactions", Academy of Management Journal, 43(3): 429–448.
  • Chari, M. D. R. (2013) "Business groups and foreign direct investments by developing country firms: An empirical test in India", Journal of World Business, 48(3): 349–359.
  • Chen, Y. Y. and Young, M. N. (2010) "Cross-border mergers and acquisitions by Chinese listed companies: A principal-principal perspective", Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27(3): 523–539.
  • Child, J. and Rodrigues, S. B. (2005) "The Internationalization of Chinese Firms: A Case for Theoretical Extension?", Management and Organization Review, 1(3): 381–410.
  • Chittoor, R., Aulakh, P. S. and Ray, S. (2015) "What Drives Overseas Acquisitions by Indian Firms? A Behavioral Risk-Taking Perspective", Management International Review, 55(2): 255–275.
  • Colpan, A. M. (2010) "Business Groups in Turkey" Colpan, A. M. , Hikino, T. and Lincoln, J. R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups (pp. 486–525). Oxford University Press.
  • Colpan, A. M. and Hikino, T. (2008) "Türkiye’nin Büyük Şirketler Kesiminde İşletme Gruplarının İktisadi Rolü ve Çeşitlendirme Stratejileri", Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1): 23–58.
  • Colpan, A. M. and Hikino, T. (2010) "Foundations of Business Groups: Towards an Integrated Framework" Colpan, A. M. , Hikino, T. and Lincoln, J. R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups (pp. 15–66). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Colpan, A. M. and Hikino, T. (2018) "The Evolutionary Dynamics of Diversified Business Groups in the West History and Theor" Colpan, A. M. and Hikino, T. (eds.), Business Groups in the West: Origins, Evolution, and Resilience (pp. 26–68). Oxford University Press.
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  • Dunning, J. H. and Lundan, S. M. (2010) "The Institutional Origins of Dynamic Capabilities in Multinational Enterprises", Industrial and Corporate Change, 19(4): 1225–1246.
  • Eden, L. and Dai, L. (2010) "Rethinking the O in Dunning’s OLI/Eclectic Paradigm", Multinational Business Review, 18(2): 13–34.
  • Filatotchev, I., Strange, R., Piesse, J. and Lien, Y. C. (2007) "FDI by firms from newly industrialised economies in emerging markets: Corporate governance, entry mode and location", Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4): 556–572.
  • Filatotchev, I. and Wright, M. (2010) "Agency Perspectives on Corporate Governance of Multinational Enterprises", Journal of Management Studies, 48(2): 471–486.
  • Gaur, A. and Delios, A. (2015) "International Diversification of Emerging Market Firms: The Role of Ownership Structure and Group Affiliation", Management International Review, 55(2): 235–253.
  • Gaur, A. S., Kumar, V. and Singh, D. (2014) "Institutions, resources, and internationalization of emerging economy firms", Journal of World Business, 49(1): 12–20.
  • Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Haynes, K. T., Núñez-Nickel, M., Jacobson, K. J. L. and Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2007) "Socioemotional wealth and business risks in family-controlled firms: Evidence from Spanish olive oil mills", Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1), 106–137.
  • Gubbi, S. R., Ray, S. and Aulakh, P. S. (2015) "International Search Behavior of Business Group Affiliated Firms : Scope of Institutional Changes and Intragroup Heterogeneity", Organization Science, 26(5): 1485–1501.
  • Guillen, M. F. (2000) "Business Groups in Emerging Economies: a Resource-Based View", Academy of Management Journal, 43(3): 362–380.
  • Hennart, J.-F. (2012) "Emerging market multinationals and the theory of the multinational enterprise", Global Strategy Journal, 2(3): 168–187.
  • Hobday, M. and Colpan, A. M. (2010) "Technological innovation and business groups" Colpan, A. M., Hikino, T. and Lincoln, J. R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups. Oxford University Press.
  • Johanson, J. and Wiedersheim‐Paul, F. (1975) "The internationalization of the firm—four Swedish cases", Journal of Management Studies, 12(3): 305–323.
  • Khanna, T. and Palepu, K. G. (1997) "Why Focused Strategies May Be Wrong for Emerging Markets", Harvard Business Review, (July-August).
  • Khanna, T. and Yafeh, Y. (2007) "Business Groups in Emerging Markets : Paragons or Parasites ?", Journal of Economic Literature, 45(3): 331–372.
  • Kumar, V., Gaur, A. S. and Pattnaik, C. (2012) "Product Diversification and International Expansion of Business Groups: Evidence from India", Management International Review, 52(2): 175–192.
  • La Porta, R., Lopez-De-Silanes, F. and Shleifer, A. (1999) "Corporate Ownership Around the World", The Journal of Finance, 54(2): 471–517.
  • La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R. (2000) "Investor protection and corporate governance", Journal of Financial Economics, 58(1–2): 3–27.
  • Luo, Y. and Bu, J. (2016) "How valuable is information and communication technology? A study of emerging economy enterprises", Journal of World Business, 51(2): 200–211.
  • Luo, Y. and Tung, R. L. (2007) "International expansion of emerging market enterprises: A springboard perspective", Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4): 481–498.
  • Madhok, A. and Keyhani, M. (2012) "Acquisitions as Entrepreneurship: Asymmetries, Opportunities, and the Internationalization of Multinationals from Emerging Economies", Global Strategy Journal, 2(1): 26–40.
  • Mathews, J. A. (2006) "Dragon multinationals: New players in 21st century globalization", Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23(1): 5–27.
  • Morck, R. and Yeung, B. (2003) "Agency Problems in Large Family Business Groups", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(4): 367–382.
  • Mukherjee, D., Makarius, E. E. and Stevens, C. E. (2018) "Business group reputation and affiliates’ internationalization strategies", Journal of World Business, 53(2): 93–103.
  • OECD (2020) OECD. Retrieved from https://data.oecd.org/gdp/real-gdp-forecast.html
  • Önis, Z. (1992) "Redemocratization and economic liberalization in Turkey: The limits of state autonomy", Studies In Comparative International Development, 27(2): 3–23.
  • Pattnaik, C., Chang, J. J. and Shin, H. H. (2013) "Business groups and corporate transparency in emerging markets: Empirical evidence from India", Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30(4): 987–1004.
  • Peng, M. W. (2012) "The global strategy of emerging multinationals from China", Global Strategy Journal, 107: 97–107.
  • Purkayastha, S., Kumar, V. and Lu, J. W. (2017) "Business group heterogeneity and the internationalization-performance relationship: Evidence from Indian business groups", Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 34(2): 247–279.
  • Purkayastha, S., Manolova, T. S. and Edelman, L. F. (2018) "Business group effects on the R&D intensity-internationalization relationship: Empirical evidence from India", Journal of World Business, 53(2): 104–117.
  • Ramamurti, R. (2012) "Competing with emerging market multinationals", Business Horizons, 55(3): 241–249.
  • Rugman, A. M. and Verbeke, A. (2003) "Extending the theory of the multinational enterprise: Internalization and strategic management perspectives", Journal of International Business Studies, 34(2): 125–137.
  • Santulli, R., Torchia, M., Calabrò, A. and Gallucci, C. (2019) "Family ownership concentration and firm internationalization: integrating principal-principal and socioemotional wealth perspectives", Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 17(2), 220–248.
  • Schneider, B. R. (2009) "A comparative political economy of diversified business groups, or how states organize big business", Review of International Political Economy, 16(2): 178–201.
  • Schneider, B. R., Colpan, A. M. and Wong, W. (2018) "Politics, Institutions, and Diversified Business Groups Comparisons Across Developed Countries" Colpan, A. M. and Hikino, T. (eds.) Business Groups in the West: Origins, Evolution, and Resilience (pp. 70–94). Oxford University Press.
  • Shapiro, D. M., Liang, Z., Estrin, S. and Carney, M. (2018) "Initiating internationalization: business group affiliation, export intensity and institutional quality", 6th Copenhagen Conference on “Emergıng Multınatıonals”: Outward Investment from Emergıng Economıes, 11-12 October.
  • Singla, C. and George, R. (2013) "Internationalization and performance: A contextual analysis of Indian firms", Journal of Business Research, 66(12): 2500–2506.
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INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EMERGING MARKET FIRMS: IMPACTS OF BUSINESS GROUP AFFILIATION AND OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION IN TURKEY CONTEXT

Year 2023, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 1 - 21, 11.07.2023

Ayşe Kayacı

https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1160731

Abstract

Emerging market firms are known for their lack of ownership advantages for internationalization. For this reason, most of them should search for these advantages in foreign markets. On the other hand, emerging market firms have specific governance structures which can facilitate some ownership advantages to internationalize. This study proposes that emerging market firms could also have ownership advantages at a threshold level that enhance their internationalization level. Moreover, business group affiliation and ownership concentration would have moderating roles in this positive relation. Accordingly, World Bank Enterprise Surveys database is used for sample formation. Hypotheses of the study are tested with a sample of Turkish firms that cover 4159 firm-year observations between 2008-2019. According to statistical findings, a negative relationship between ownership advantages and internationalization level is found for emerging market firms. However, there is no significant moderating effects of business group affiliation and ownership concentration.

Keywords

Emerging Market Firms Internationalization Ownership Advantages Business Group Ownership Concentration

References

  • Aguilera, R. V., Crespí-Cladera, R., Infantes, P. M. and Pascual-Fuster, B. (2020) "Business groups and internationalization: Effective identification and future agenda", Journal of World Business, 55(4).
  • Aharoni, Y. and Ramamurti, R. (2011) "The Evolution of Multinationals" The Future of Foreign Direct Investment and the Multinational Enterprise (Vol. 15, pp. 113–135).
  • Amsden, A. H. (2009) "Does firm ownership matter? POEs vs. FOEs in the developing world" Ramamurti, Ravi and Singh, J. V. (eds), Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets (pp. 64–78). New York, Cambridge University Press.
  • Anderson, R. C. and Reeb, D. M. (2003) "Founding-Family Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence from the S&P 500", The Journal of Finance, 58(3):1301–1328.
  • Bhaumik, S. K., Driffield, N. and Pal, S. (2010) "Does ownership structure of emerging-market firms affect their outward FDI the case of the Indian automotive and pharmaceutical sectors", Journal of International Business Studies, 41(3): 437–450.
  • Bilgili, T. V., Kedia, B. L. and Bilgili, H. (2016) "Exploring the influence of resource environments on absorptive capacity development: The case of emerging market firms", Journal of World Business, 51(5): 700–712.
  • Bonaglia, F., Goldstein, A. and Mathews, J. A. (2007) "Accelerated internationalization by emerging markets’ multinationals: The case of the white goods sector", Journal of World Business, 42(4): 369–383.
  • Buğra, A. (1995) "Devlet ve Işadamları: State and Business in Modern Turkey; a Comparative Study", İletişim Yayınları.
  • Castellacci, F. (2015) "Institutional Voids or Organizational Resilience? Business Groups, Innovation, and Market Development in Latin America", World Development, 70: 43–58.
  • Chang, S. J. and Hong, J. (2000) "Economic performance of group-affiliated companies in Korea : Intragroup Resource Sharing and Internal Business Transactions", Academy of Management Journal, 43(3): 429–448.
  • Chari, M. D. R. (2013) "Business groups and foreign direct investments by developing country firms: An empirical test in India", Journal of World Business, 48(3): 349–359.
  • Chen, Y. Y. and Young, M. N. (2010) "Cross-border mergers and acquisitions by Chinese listed companies: A principal-principal perspective", Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27(3): 523–539.
  • Child, J. and Rodrigues, S. B. (2005) "The Internationalization of Chinese Firms: A Case for Theoretical Extension?", Management and Organization Review, 1(3): 381–410.
  • Chittoor, R., Aulakh, P. S. and Ray, S. (2015) "What Drives Overseas Acquisitions by Indian Firms? A Behavioral Risk-Taking Perspective", Management International Review, 55(2): 255–275.
  • Colpan, A. M. (2010) "Business Groups in Turkey" Colpan, A. M. , Hikino, T. and Lincoln, J. R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups (pp. 486–525). Oxford University Press.
  • Colpan, A. M. and Hikino, T. (2008) "Türkiye’nin Büyük Şirketler Kesiminde İşletme Gruplarının İktisadi Rolü ve Çeşitlendirme Stratejileri", Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1): 23–58.
  • Colpan, A. M. and Hikino, T. (2010) "Foundations of Business Groups: Towards an Integrated Framework" Colpan, A. M. , Hikino, T. and Lincoln, J. R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups (pp. 15–66). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Colpan, A. M. and Hikino, T. (2018) "The Evolutionary Dynamics of Diversified Business Groups in the West History and Theor" Colpan, A. M. and Hikino, T. (eds.), Business Groups in the West: Origins, Evolution, and Resilience (pp. 26–68). Oxford University Press.
  • Cuervo-Cazurra, A. (2012) "Extending theory by analyzing developing country multinational companies: Solving the Goldilocks debate", Global Strategy Journal, 2(3): 153–167.
  • Dunning, J. H. (1988) "The Eclectic Paradigm of International Production: A Restatement and Some Possible Extensions", Journal of International Business Studies, 19(1): 1–31.
  • Dunning, J. H. (1998) "Location and the Multinational Enterprise: A Neglected Factor?", Journal of International Business Studies, 29(1): 45–66.
  • Dunning, J. H. and Lundan, S. M. (2010) "The Institutional Origins of Dynamic Capabilities in Multinational Enterprises", Industrial and Corporate Change, 19(4): 1225–1246.
  • Eden, L. and Dai, L. (2010) "Rethinking the O in Dunning’s OLI/Eclectic Paradigm", Multinational Business Review, 18(2): 13–34.
  • Filatotchev, I., Strange, R., Piesse, J. and Lien, Y. C. (2007) "FDI by firms from newly industrialised economies in emerging markets: Corporate governance, entry mode and location", Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4): 556–572.
  • Filatotchev, I. and Wright, M. (2010) "Agency Perspectives on Corporate Governance of Multinational Enterprises", Journal of Management Studies, 48(2): 471–486.
  • Gaur, A. and Delios, A. (2015) "International Diversification of Emerging Market Firms: The Role of Ownership Structure and Group Affiliation", Management International Review, 55(2): 235–253.
  • Gaur, A. S., Kumar, V. and Singh, D. (2014) "Institutions, resources, and internationalization of emerging economy firms", Journal of World Business, 49(1): 12–20.
  • Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Haynes, K. T., Núñez-Nickel, M., Jacobson, K. J. L. and Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2007) "Socioemotional wealth and business risks in family-controlled firms: Evidence from Spanish olive oil mills", Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1), 106–137.
  • Gubbi, S. R., Ray, S. and Aulakh, P. S. (2015) "International Search Behavior of Business Group Affiliated Firms : Scope of Institutional Changes and Intragroup Heterogeneity", Organization Science, 26(5): 1485–1501.
  • Guillen, M. F. (2000) "Business Groups in Emerging Economies: a Resource-Based View", Academy of Management Journal, 43(3): 362–380.
  • Hennart, J.-F. (2012) "Emerging market multinationals and the theory of the multinational enterprise", Global Strategy Journal, 2(3): 168–187.
  • Hobday, M. and Colpan, A. M. (2010) "Technological innovation and business groups" Colpan, A. M., Hikino, T. and Lincoln, J. R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups. Oxford University Press.
  • Johanson, J. and Wiedersheim‐Paul, F. (1975) "The internationalization of the firm—four Swedish cases", Journal of Management Studies, 12(3): 305–323.
  • Khanna, T. and Palepu, K. G. (1997) "Why Focused Strategies May Be Wrong for Emerging Markets", Harvard Business Review, (July-August).
  • Khanna, T. and Yafeh, Y. (2007) "Business Groups in Emerging Markets : Paragons or Parasites ?", Journal of Economic Literature, 45(3): 331–372.
  • Kumar, V., Gaur, A. S. and Pattnaik, C. (2012) "Product Diversification and International Expansion of Business Groups: Evidence from India", Management International Review, 52(2): 175–192.
  • La Porta, R., Lopez-De-Silanes, F. and Shleifer, A. (1999) "Corporate Ownership Around the World", The Journal of Finance, 54(2): 471–517.
  • La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R. (2000) "Investor protection and corporate governance", Journal of Financial Economics, 58(1–2): 3–27.
  • Luo, Y. and Bu, J. (2016) "How valuable is information and communication technology? A study of emerging economy enterprises", Journal of World Business, 51(2): 200–211.
  • Luo, Y. and Tung, R. L. (2007) "International expansion of emerging market enterprises: A springboard perspective", Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4): 481–498.
  • Madhok, A. and Keyhani, M. (2012) "Acquisitions as Entrepreneurship: Asymmetries, Opportunities, and the Internationalization of Multinationals from Emerging Economies", Global Strategy Journal, 2(1): 26–40.
  • Mathews, J. A. (2006) "Dragon multinationals: New players in 21st century globalization", Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 23(1): 5–27.
  • Morck, R. and Yeung, B. (2003) "Agency Problems in Large Family Business Groups", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(4): 367–382.
  • Mukherjee, D., Makarius, E. E. and Stevens, C. E. (2018) "Business group reputation and affiliates’ internationalization strategies", Journal of World Business, 53(2): 93–103.
  • OECD (2020) OECD. Retrieved from https://data.oecd.org/gdp/real-gdp-forecast.html
  • Önis, Z. (1992) "Redemocratization and economic liberalization in Turkey: The limits of state autonomy", Studies In Comparative International Development, 27(2): 3–23.
  • Pattnaik, C., Chang, J. J. and Shin, H. H. (2013) "Business groups and corporate transparency in emerging markets: Empirical evidence from India", Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30(4): 987–1004.
  • Peng, M. W. (2012) "The global strategy of emerging multinationals from China", Global Strategy Journal, 107: 97–107.
  • Purkayastha, S., Kumar, V. and Lu, J. W. (2017) "Business group heterogeneity and the internationalization-performance relationship: Evidence from Indian business groups", Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 34(2): 247–279.
  • Purkayastha, S., Manolova, T. S. and Edelman, L. F. (2018) "Business group effects on the R&D intensity-internationalization relationship: Empirical evidence from India", Journal of World Business, 53(2): 104–117.
  • Ramamurti, R. (2012) "Competing with emerging market multinationals", Business Horizons, 55(3): 241–249.
  • Rugman, A. M. and Verbeke, A. (2003) "Extending the theory of the multinational enterprise: Internalization and strategic management perspectives", Journal of International Business Studies, 34(2): 125–137.
  • Santulli, R., Torchia, M., Calabrò, A. and Gallucci, C. (2019) "Family ownership concentration and firm internationalization: integrating principal-principal and socioemotional wealth perspectives", Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 17(2), 220–248.
  • Schneider, B. R. (2009) "A comparative political economy of diversified business groups, or how states organize big business", Review of International Political Economy, 16(2): 178–201.
  • Schneider, B. R., Colpan, A. M. and Wong, W. (2018) "Politics, Institutions, and Diversified Business Groups Comparisons Across Developed Countries" Colpan, A. M. and Hikino, T. (eds.) Business Groups in the West: Origins, Evolution, and Resilience (pp. 70–94). Oxford University Press.
  • Shapiro, D. M., Liang, Z., Estrin, S. and Carney, M. (2018) "Initiating internationalization: business group affiliation, export intensity and institutional quality", 6th Copenhagen Conference on “Emergıng Multınatıonals”: Outward Investment from Emergıng Economıes, 11-12 October.
  • Singla, C. and George, R. (2013) "Internationalization and performance: A contextual analysis of Indian firms", Journal of Business Research, 66(12): 2500–2506.
  • Singla, C., George, R. and Veliyath, R. (2017) "Ownership structure and internationalization of Indian firms", Journal of Business Research, 81: 130–143.
  • Subramanian, S. (2019) "Internationalization and governance of Indian family-owned business groups", Journal of Family Business Management, 10(1): 76–94.
  • Tajeddin, M. and Carney, M. (2019) "African Business Groups: How Does Group Affiliation Improve SMEs’ Export Intensity?", Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 43(6): 1194–1222.
  • The Economist (2011) "The Tata group - Out of India", The Economist: 75–78. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/briefing/2011/03/03/out-of-india
  • The Economist (2014) "Turkish conglomerates - Too big to fail, but in a good way", The Economist: 54–55. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/business/2014/02/03/too-big-to-fail-but-in-a-good-way
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Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ayşe Kayacı 0000-0001-5242-7805

Early Pub Date July 12, 2023
Publication Date July 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kayacı, A. (2023). INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EMERGING MARKET FIRMS: IMPACTS OF BUSINESS GROUP AFFILIATION AND OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION IN TURKEY CONTEXT. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 21(2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1160731
AMA Kayacı A. INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EMERGING MARKET FIRMS: IMPACTS OF BUSINESS GROUP AFFILIATION AND OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION IN TURKEY CONTEXT. Journal of Management and Economics Research. July 2023;21(2):1-21. doi:10.11611/yead.1160731
Chicago Kayacı, Ayşe. “INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EMERGING MARKET FIRMS: IMPACTS OF BUSINESS GROUP AFFILIATION AND OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION IN TURKEY CONTEXT”. Journal of Management and Economics Research 21, no. 2 (July 2023): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1160731.
EndNote Kayacı A (July 1, 2023) INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EMERGING MARKET FIRMS: IMPACTS OF BUSINESS GROUP AFFILIATION AND OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION IN TURKEY CONTEXT. Journal of Management and Economics Research 21 2 1–21.
IEEE A. Kayacı, “INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EMERGING MARKET FIRMS: IMPACTS OF BUSINESS GROUP AFFILIATION AND OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION IN TURKEY CONTEXT”, Journal of Management and Economics Research, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 1–21, 2023, doi: 10.11611/yead.1160731.
ISNAD Kayacı, Ayşe. “INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EMERGING MARKET FIRMS: IMPACTS OF BUSINESS GROUP AFFILIATION AND OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION IN TURKEY CONTEXT”. Journal of Management and Economics Research 21/2 (July 2023), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1160731.
JAMA Kayacı A. INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EMERGING MARKET FIRMS: IMPACTS OF BUSINESS GROUP AFFILIATION AND OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION IN TURKEY CONTEXT. Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2023;21:1–21.
MLA Kayacı, Ayşe. “INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EMERGING MARKET FIRMS: IMPACTS OF BUSINESS GROUP AFFILIATION AND OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION IN TURKEY CONTEXT”. Journal of Management and Economics Research, vol. 21, no. 2, 2023, pp. 1-21, doi:10.11611/yead.1160731.
Vancouver Kayacı A. INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EMERGING MARKET FIRMS: IMPACTS OF BUSINESS GROUP AFFILIATION AND OWNERSHIP CONCENTRATION IN TURKEY CONTEXT. Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2023;21(2):1-21.