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Determinants of Individual Worries on Food Insecurity in Afghanistan

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 890 - 900, 30.09.2023

Esra Karapınar Kocağ

https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1238225

Öz

According to the United Nations (UN), more than 30 per cent of the world’s population experienced food insecurity moderately or severely in 2020 and Sustainable Development Goal 2 clearly claims to end hunger by 2030. Afghanistan within those regions with severe food insecurity has become prominent as both environmental deterioration due to climate change and ongoing conflict affects this situation twice as much. Using Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES-2018) data that was provided by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), this paper provides evidence on the determinants of individual worry on having enough food with a sample of 998 individuals through a probit model. Findings reveal that having a college degree significantly reduces the probability of being worried not to have enough food. Further, living in a rural area increases this probability, while being in a richer income quintile and having one more adults in the household decreases it. Empirical evidence of this research suggests a few policy implications. Education should be generalised in the society; and production techniques in the rural areas should be improved to increase the level of production and to save the environment. These efforts might increase the wage level that would help to increase household income to alleviate food insecurity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afghanistan Food Insecurity Individual Worry on Food Hunger

Kaynakça

  • Anthem, P. (2022). WFP and FAO sound the alarm as global food crisis tightens its grip on hunger hotspots. World Food Programme. https://www.wfp.org/stories/wfp-and-fao-sound-alarm-global-food-crisis-tightens-its-grip-hunger-hotspots
  • Borjas, G. J. (2004). Food insecurity and public assistance. Journal of Public Economics, 88(7), 1421–1443. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00188-3
  • Cady, C. L. (2014). Food Insecurity as a Student Issue. 15(4), 265–272. https://doi.org/doi:10.1515/jcc-2014-0031
  • D’Souza, A., & Jolliffe, D. (2012a). Food Security and Wheat Prices in Afghanistan: A Distribution-Sensitive Analysis of Household-Level Impacts. In Policy Research Working Papers. The World Bank. https://doi.org/doi:10.1596/1813-9450-6024
  • D’Souza, A., & Jolliffe, D. (2012b). Rising Food Prices and Coping Strategies: Household-level Evidence from Afghanistan. The Journal of Development Studies, 48(2), 282–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2011.635422
  • Dizon, F., Herforth, A., & Wang, Z. (2019). The cost of a nutritious diet in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Global Food Security, 21, 38–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.07.003
  • FAO. (n.d.-a). Hunger and food insecurity. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved January 4, 2023, from https://www.fao.org/hunger/en/
  • FAO. (n.d.-b). India at a glance. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.fao.org/india/fao-in-india/india-at-a-glance/en/
  • FAO Statistics Division. Aghanistan- Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) 2018, Ref. AFG_2018_FIES_v01_M_v01_A_OCS. Dataset downloaded from https://microdata.fao.org/index.php/catalog/534/get-microdata on 03/01/2023.
  • Gundersen, C., Hake, M., Dewey, A., & Engelhard, E. (2021). Food Insecurity during COVID-19. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 43(1), 153–161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13100
  • Gundersen, C., Kreider, B., & Pepper, J. (2011). The Economics of Food Insecurity in the United States. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 33(3), 281–303. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppr022
  • Gundersen, C., & Ziliak, J. P. (2015). Food Insecurity And Health Outcomes. Health Affairs, 34(11), 1830–1839. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0645
  • Islam, Z., Kokash, D. M., Babar, M. S., Uday, U., Hasan, M. M., Rackimuthu, S., Essar, M. Y., & Nemat, A. (2021). Food Security, Conflict, and COVID-19: Perspective from Afghanistan. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 106(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-1058
  • Jahedi, S., & Méndez, F. (2014). On the advantages and disadvantages of subjective measures. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 98, 97–114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.12.016
  • Kamali, Z., Haghighian Roudsari, A., Abedi, A.-S., & Mohammadi-Nasrabadi, F. (2021). An Overview of Food Security Statuses in Afghan Refugees in Iran TT-. Nutr-Food-Sci-Res, 8(2), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.52547/nfsr.8.2.5
  • Khakpour, M., Iqbal, R., GhulamHussain, N., Engler-Stringer, R., Koc, M., Garcea, J., Farag, M., Henry, C., & Vatanparast, H. (2019). Facilitators and Barriers toward Food Security of Afghan Refugees Residing in Karachi, Pakistan. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 58(4), 317–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2019.1598982
  • Mittal, S., & Sethi, D. (2009). Food Security in South Asia: Issues and Opportunities (Issue 240). Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER). http://hdl.handle.net/10419/176258
  • Niles, M. T., Bertmann, F., Belarmino, E. H., Wentworth, T., Biehl, E., & Neff, R. (2020). The Early Food Insecurity Impacts of COVID-19. In Nutrients (Vol. 12, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072096
  • Oskorouchi, H. R., & Sousa-Poza, A. (2021). Floods, food security, and coping strategies: Evidence from Afghanistan. Agricultural Economics, 52(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12610
  • Ramachandran, N. (2007). Women and Food Security in South Asia: Current Issues and Emerging Concerns BT - Food Insecurity, Vulnerability and Human Rights Failure (B. Guha-Khasnobis, S. S. Achara, & B. Davis (eds.); pp. 219–240). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230589506_9
  • Ratcliffe, C., McKernan, S.-M., & Zhang, S. (2011). How Much Does the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Reduce Food Insecurity? American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 93(4), 1082–1098. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aar026
  • Rosegrant, M. W., & Cline, S. A. (2003). Global Food Security: Challenges and Policies. Science, 302(5652), 1917–1919. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092958
  • Samim, S. A., Hu, Z., Stepien, S., Amini, S. Y., Rayee, R., Niu, K., & Mgendi, G. (2021). Food Insecurity and Related Factors among Farming Families in Takhar Region, Afghanistan. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810211
  • World Bank (2014). Afghanistan - Agricultural sector review : revitalizing agriculture for economic growth, job creation, and food security (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/245541467973233146/Afghanistan-Agricultural-sector-review-revitalizing-agriculture-for-economic-growth-job-creation-and-food-security
  • UN. (n.d.-a). Goal 2: Zero Hunger. United Nations, Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/
  • UN. (n.d.-b). The Sustainable Development Goals in Afghanistan/Zero Hunger. Retrieved July 27, 2023, from https://afghanistan.un.org/en/sdgs/2

Determinants of Individual Worries on Food Insecurity in Afghanistan

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 890 - 900, 30.09.2023

Esra Karapınar Kocağ

https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1238225

Öz

According to the United Nations (UN), more than 30 per cent of the world’s population experienced food insecurity moderately or severely in 2020 and Sustainable Development Goal 2 clearly claims to end hunger by 2030. Afghanistan within those regions with severe food insecurity has become prominent as both environmental deterioration due to climate change and ongoing conflict affects this situation twice as much. Using Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES-2018) data that was provided by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), this paper provides evidence on the determinants of individual worry on having enough food with a sample of 998 individuals through a probit model. Findings reveal that having a college degree significantly reduces the probability of being worried not to have enough food. Further, living in a rural area increases this probability, while being in a richer income quintile and having one more adults in the household decreases it. Empirical evidence of this research suggests a few policy implications. Education should be generalised in the society; and production techniques in the rural areas should be improved to increase the level of production and to save the environment. These efforts might increase the wage level that would help to increase household income to alleviate food insecurity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afghanistan Food Insecurity Individual Worry on Food Hunger

Kaynakça

  • Anthem, P. (2022). WFP and FAO sound the alarm as global food crisis tightens its grip on hunger hotspots. World Food Programme. https://www.wfp.org/stories/wfp-and-fao-sound-alarm-global-food-crisis-tightens-its-grip-hunger-hotspots
  • Borjas, G. J. (2004). Food insecurity and public assistance. Journal of Public Economics, 88(7), 1421–1443. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00188-3
  • Cady, C. L. (2014). Food Insecurity as a Student Issue. 15(4), 265–272. https://doi.org/doi:10.1515/jcc-2014-0031
  • D’Souza, A., & Jolliffe, D. (2012a). Food Security and Wheat Prices in Afghanistan: A Distribution-Sensitive Analysis of Household-Level Impacts. In Policy Research Working Papers. The World Bank. https://doi.org/doi:10.1596/1813-9450-6024
  • D’Souza, A., & Jolliffe, D. (2012b). Rising Food Prices and Coping Strategies: Household-level Evidence from Afghanistan. The Journal of Development Studies, 48(2), 282–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2011.635422
  • Dizon, F., Herforth, A., & Wang, Z. (2019). The cost of a nutritious diet in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Global Food Security, 21, 38–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.07.003
  • FAO. (n.d.-a). Hunger and food insecurity. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved January 4, 2023, from https://www.fao.org/hunger/en/
  • FAO. (n.d.-b). India at a glance. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved January 5, 2023, from https://www.fao.org/india/fao-in-india/india-at-a-glance/en/
  • FAO Statistics Division. Aghanistan- Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) 2018, Ref. AFG_2018_FIES_v01_M_v01_A_OCS. Dataset downloaded from https://microdata.fao.org/index.php/catalog/534/get-microdata on 03/01/2023.
  • Gundersen, C., Hake, M., Dewey, A., & Engelhard, E. (2021). Food Insecurity during COVID-19. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 43(1), 153–161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13100
  • Gundersen, C., Kreider, B., & Pepper, J. (2011). The Economics of Food Insecurity in the United States. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 33(3), 281–303. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppr022
  • Gundersen, C., & Ziliak, J. P. (2015). Food Insecurity And Health Outcomes. Health Affairs, 34(11), 1830–1839. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0645
  • Islam, Z., Kokash, D. M., Babar, M. S., Uday, U., Hasan, M. M., Rackimuthu, S., Essar, M. Y., & Nemat, A. (2021). Food Security, Conflict, and COVID-19: Perspective from Afghanistan. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 106(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-1058
  • Jahedi, S., & Méndez, F. (2014). On the advantages and disadvantages of subjective measures. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 98, 97–114. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.12.016
  • Kamali, Z., Haghighian Roudsari, A., Abedi, A.-S., & Mohammadi-Nasrabadi, F. (2021). An Overview of Food Security Statuses in Afghan Refugees in Iran TT-. Nutr-Food-Sci-Res, 8(2), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.52547/nfsr.8.2.5
  • Khakpour, M., Iqbal, R., GhulamHussain, N., Engler-Stringer, R., Koc, M., Garcea, J., Farag, M., Henry, C., & Vatanparast, H. (2019). Facilitators and Barriers toward Food Security of Afghan Refugees Residing in Karachi, Pakistan. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 58(4), 317–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2019.1598982
  • Mittal, S., & Sethi, D. (2009). Food Security in South Asia: Issues and Opportunities (Issue 240). Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER). http://hdl.handle.net/10419/176258
  • Niles, M. T., Bertmann, F., Belarmino, E. H., Wentworth, T., Biehl, E., & Neff, R. (2020). The Early Food Insecurity Impacts of COVID-19. In Nutrients (Vol. 12, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072096
  • Oskorouchi, H. R., & Sousa-Poza, A. (2021). Floods, food security, and coping strategies: Evidence from Afghanistan. Agricultural Economics, 52(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12610
  • Ramachandran, N. (2007). Women and Food Security in South Asia: Current Issues and Emerging Concerns BT - Food Insecurity, Vulnerability and Human Rights Failure (B. Guha-Khasnobis, S. S. Achara, & B. Davis (eds.); pp. 219–240). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230589506_9
  • Ratcliffe, C., McKernan, S.-M., & Zhang, S. (2011). How Much Does the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Reduce Food Insecurity? American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 93(4), 1082–1098. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aar026
  • Rosegrant, M. W., & Cline, S. A. (2003). Global Food Security: Challenges and Policies. Science, 302(5652), 1917–1919. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092958
  • Samim, S. A., Hu, Z., Stepien, S., Amini, S. Y., Rayee, R., Niu, K., & Mgendi, G. (2021). Food Insecurity and Related Factors among Farming Families in Takhar Region, Afghanistan. In Sustainability (Vol. 13, Issue 18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810211
  • World Bank (2014). Afghanistan - Agricultural sector review : revitalizing agriculture for economic growth, job creation, and food security (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/245541467973233146/Afghanistan-Agricultural-sector-review-revitalizing-agriculture-for-economic-growth-job-creation-and-food-security
  • UN. (n.d.-a). Goal 2: Zero Hunger. United Nations, Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/
  • UN. (n.d.-b). The Sustainable Development Goals in Afghanistan/Zero Hunger. Retrieved July 27, 2023, from https://afghanistan.un.org/en/sdgs/2
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gıda Sürdürülebilirliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Esra Karapınar Kocağ 0000-0002-2239-0519

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Kabul Tarihi 7 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Karapınar Kocağ, E. (2023). Determinants of Individual Worries on Food Insecurity in Afghanistan. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, 6(3), 890-900. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1238225
AMA Karapınar Kocağ E. Determinants of Individual Worries on Food Insecurity in Afghanistan. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. Eylül 2023;6(3):890-900. doi:10.35341/afet.1238225
Chicago Karapınar Kocağ, Esra. “Determinants of Individual Worries on Food Insecurity in Afghanistan”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi 6, sy. 3 (Eylül 2023): 890-900. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1238225.
EndNote Karapınar Kocağ E (01 Eylül 2023) Determinants of Individual Worries on Food Insecurity in Afghanistan. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 6 3 890–900.
IEEE E. Karapınar Kocağ, “Determinants of Individual Worries on Food Insecurity in Afghanistan”, Afet ve Risk Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 3, ss. 890–900, 2023, doi: 10.35341/afet.1238225.
ISNAD Karapınar Kocağ, Esra. “Determinants of Individual Worries on Food Insecurity in Afghanistan”. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 6/3 (Eylül 2023), 890-900. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1238225.
JAMA Karapınar Kocağ E. Determinants of Individual Worries on Food Insecurity in Afghanistan. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2023;6:890–900.
MLA Karapınar Kocağ, Esra. “Determinants of Individual Worries on Food Insecurity in Afghanistan”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 890-0, doi:10.35341/afet.1238225.
Vancouver Karapınar Kocağ E. Determinants of Individual Worries on Food Insecurity in Afghanistan. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2023;6(3):890-90.
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