Obezitenin Hastalık Sürecinde Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi: COVID-19 Örneği

İzzet Ülker

doi:10.46237/amusbfd.1338547

Araştırma Makalesi

The Effect of Obesity on Quality of Life in the Disease Process: The Case of COVID-19

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 682 - 691, 30.09.2023

İzzet Ülker

https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1338547

Öz

Objective: This study conducted to evaluate quality of life, perceived stress levels and sleep quality of obese individuals and individuals with normal body weight during the COVID-19 disease process.
Method: 404 adults were included in this study. Study data were obtained with a web-based questionnaire. The data were collected with the socio-demographic characteristics information form, SF-36 Quality of Life Scale, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale. SPSS 22 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: 196 (48.5%) women and 208 (51.5%) men participated in the study. The median age (IQR) of the individuals was 36 (27) years, 7.7% were underweight, 30.9% were normal, 21.3% were pre-obese and 40.1% were obese. The median (IQR) PSS total score of the individuals was 20.0 (6.0). While the median (IQR) SF-36 scale total, physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, vitality, mental health, physical pain subscale score of obese individuals were found statistically significantly lower than non-obese individuals (p<0.05); There was no statistically significant difference between obese and non-obese individuals’ role limitations due to emotional problems, social functioning and general health subscale score medians (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between underweight, normal, pre-obese and obese individuals in terms of the median (IQR) total score of the PSS(p>0.05)..
Conclusion: Obese individuals have a lower quality of life than non-obese individuals. In future studies, it is recommended to examine how stress affects the eating behavior of individuals to determine the relationship between perceived stress level and being obese more accurately.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Obesity, SF-36, Perceived stress scale

Kaynakça

1. Federation, W. O. (2023). Worldwide obesity on the rise. Retrieved from https://www.uclahealth.org/news/worldwide-obesity-rise
2. Chu, D.-T., Nguyet, N. T. M., Dinh, T. C., Lien, N. V. T., Nguyen, K.-H., Ngoc, V. T. N., .et al. (2018). An update on physical health and economic consequences of overweight and obesity. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 12(6), 1095-1100.
3. Stephenson, J., Smith, C., Kearns, B., Haywood, A., & Bissell, P. (2021). The association between obesity and quality of life: a retrospective analysis of a large-scale population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-9.
4. Pugliese, G., Liccardi, A., Graziadio, C., Barrea, L., Muscogiuri, G., & Colao, A. (2022). Obesity and infectious diseases: pathophysiology and epidemiology of a double pandemic condition. International Journal of Obesity, 46(3), 449-465.
5. Kim, C. O., Nam, C. M., Lee, D. C., Chang, J., & Lee, J. W. (2012). Is abdominal obesity associated with the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in Korean school-aged children? Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 6(5), 313- 317. doi:10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00318.x
6. Bijani, B., Pahlevan, A. A., Qasemi-Barqi, R., & Jahanihashemi, H. (2016). Metabolic syndrome as an independent risk factor of hypoxaemia in influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic. Infez Med, 24(2), 123-130.
7. Müller, O., Lu, G., Jahn, A., & Razum, O. (2020). COVID-19 control: can Germany learn from China? International journal of health policy and management, 9(10), 432.
8. Okyay, P. (2023). Covıd-19 pandemisinde dünyada güncel durum. Retrieved from https://hasuder.org/Duyurular/Detay/basin-bildirileri/covid-19-pandemisinde-guncel-durum-ve- oneriler/0de0bf33-ea27-1032-3bf1-3a0492d70a09
9. Taylor, V. H., Forhan, M., Vigod, S. N., McIntyre, R. S., & Morrison, K. M. (2013). The impact of obesity on quality of life. Best practice & research Clinical endocrinology & metabolism, 27(2), 139-146.
10. Kolotkin, R. L., & Andersen, J. R. (2017). A systematic review of reviews: exploring the relationship between obesity, weight loss and health‐related quality of life. Clinical obesity, 7(5), 273-289.
11. Ware, J. E., Snow, K., Kosinski, M., & Gandek, B. (1996). The SF-36 health survey. Manual and interpretation guide, 2.
12. Pinar, R. (2005). Reliability and construct validity of the SF-36 in Turkish cancer patients. Quality of Life Research, 14, 259-264.
13. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, 385-396.
14. Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. Paper presented at the New/Yeni Symposium Journal.
15. Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., 3rd, Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res, 28(2), 193-213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
16. Agargun, M. (1996). Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksinin gecerligi ve guvenirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 7, 107-115.
17. Mackenzie, M. D. (1946). The World Health Organization. British medical journal, 2(4472), 428.
18. Kolotkin, R., Meter, K., & Williams, G. (2001). Quality of life and obesity. Obesity reviews, 2(4), 219-229.
19. Van den Hoek, D. J., Miller, C. T., Fraser, S. F., Selig, S. E., Rice, T., Grima, M., .et al. (2022). Mental health and quality of life during weight loss in females with clinically severe obesity: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 1-12.
20. Samsa, G. P., Kolotkin, R. L., Williams, G. R., Nguyen, M. H., & Mendel, C. M. (2001). Effect of moderate weight loss on health-related quality of life: an analysis of combined data from 4 randomized trials of sibutramine vs placebo. Am J Manag Care, 7(9), 875-883.
21. Fontaine, K. R., Cheskin, L. J., & Barofsky, I. (1996). Health-related quality of life in obese persons seeking treatment. J Fam Pract, 43(3), 265-270.
22. Agosto, A., Campmas, A., Giudici, P., & Renda, A. (2021). Monitoring COVID-19 contagion growth. Stat Med, 40(18), 4150-4160. doi:10.1002/sim.9020.
23. Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Vaccarino, S. R., Chattu, V. K., Zaki, N. F., BaHammam, A. S., Manzar, D.,et al. (2021). ‘Distant socializing,’not ‘social distancing’as a public health strategy for COVID-19. Pathogens and global health, 115(6), 357-364.
24. Beri, V. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of employed women residing in Delhi-NCR, India: Mediating role of working from-for home. Health Care for Women International, 42(3), 323-334.
25. Chooi, Y. C., Ding, C., & Magkos, F. (2019). The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism, 92, 6-10. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.09.005
26. Isasi, C. R., Parrinello, C. M., Jung, M. M., Carnethon, M. R., Birnbaum-Weitzman, O., Espinoza, R. A., et al. (2015). Psychosocial stress is associated with obesity and diet quality in Hispanic/Latino adults. Ann Epidemiol, 25(2), 84-89. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.11.002.
27. Chen, Y., & Qian, L. (2012). Association between lifetime stress and obesity in Canadians. Prev Med, 55(5), 464-467. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.08.013
28. Tomiyama, A. J. (2019). Stress and Obesity. Annu Rev Psychol, 70, 703-718. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-
010418-102936
29. Wardle, J., Chida, Y., Gibson, E. L., Whitaker, K. L., & Steptoe, A. (2011). Stress and adiposity: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Obesity (Silver Spring), 19(4), 771-778. doi:10.1038/oby.2010.241
30. Tomiyama, A. J. (2014). Weight stigma is stressful. A review of evidence for the Cyclic Obesity/Weight- Based Stigma model. Appetite, 82, 8-15.
31. Spahlholz, J., Baer, N., König, H. H., Riedel‐Heller, S., & Luck‐Sikorski, C. (2016). Obesity and discrimination–a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies. Obesity reviews, 17(1), 43-55. 32. Wallis, D. J., & Hetherington, M. M. (2009). Emotions and eating. Self-reported and experimentally induced changes in food intake under stress. Appetite, 52(2), 355-362. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2008.11.007.
33. Choi, J. (2020). Impact of Stress Levels on Eating Behaviors among College Students. Nutrients, 12(5). doi:10.3390/nu12051241
34. Serlachius, A., Hamer, M., & Wardle, J. (2007). Stress and weight change in university students in the United Kingdom. Physiol Behav, 92(4), 548-553. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.04.032
35. Kivimäki, M., Head, J., Ferrie, J. E., Shipley, M. J., Brunner, E., Vahtera, J., et al. (2006). Work stress, weight gain and weight loss: evidence for bidirectional effects of job strain on body mass index in the Whitehall II study. Int J Obes (Lond), 30(6), 982-987. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803229.
36. Khan, M. K., Chu, Y. L., Kirk, S. F., & Veugelers, P. J. (2015). Are sleep duration and sleep quality associated with diet quality, physical activity, and body weight status? A population-based study of Canadian children. Can J Public Health, 106(5), e277-282. doi:10.17269/cjph.106.4892.
37. Doo, M., & Kim, Y. (2016). Association between sleep duration and obesity is modified by dietary macronutrients intake in Korean. Obes Res Clin Pract, 10(4), 424-431. doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2015.08.010.
38. Bayon, V., Leger, D., Gomez-Merino, D., Vecchierini, M. F., & Chennaoui, M. (2014). Sleep debt and obesity. Ann Med, 46(5), 264-272. doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.931103.
39. Rahe, C., Czira, M. E., Teismann, H., & Berger, K. (2015). Associations between poor sleep quality and different measures of obesity. Sleep Med, 16(10), 1225-1228. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.05.023.
40. Krističević, T., Štefan, L., & Sporiš, G. (2018). The Associations between Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality with Body-Mass Index in a Large Sample of Young Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 15(4). doi:10.3390/ijerph15040758.
41. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, C., Torres-Macho, J., Elvira-Martínez, C. M., Molina-Trigueros, L. J., Sebastián- Viana, T., & Hernández-Barrera, V. (2021). Obesity is associated with a greater number of long-term post- COVID symptoms and poor sleep quality: A multicentre case-control study. Int J Clin Pract, 75(12), e14917. doi:10.1111/ijcp.14917.

Obezitenin Hastalık Sürecinde Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi: COVID-19 Örneği

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 682 - 691, 30.09.2023

İzzet Ülker

https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1338547

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma obez bireyler ve normal vücut ağırlığına sahip bireylerin COVID-19 hastalık sürecinde yaşam kaliteleri, algılanan stres seviyeleri ve uyku kalitelerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 404 yetişkin birey dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma verileri online anket formu ile elde edilmiştir. Veriler, sosyo-demografik özellikler bilgi formu, Algılanan Stress Ölçeği (ASÖ), Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi Ölçeği, ve SF-36 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler için SPSS-22 yazılımı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 196 (%48.5) kadın, 208 (%51.5) erkek katılmıştır. Bireylerin yaş ortancası (IQR) 36 (27) yıl olup, %7.7’si zayıf, %30.9’u normal, %21.3’ü pre-obez ve %40.1’i obezdir. Obez bireylerin SF-36 ölçeği toplam, fiziksel fonksiyon, fiziksel rol güçlülüğü, vitalite, mental sağlık ve ağrı alt ölçek puan ortancaları obez olmayan bireylere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede düşük bulunurken (p<0.05); emosyonel rol güçlülüğü, sosyal fonksiyon ve genel sağlık alt ölçek puan ortancaları açısından obez ve obez olmayan bireyler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Algılanan Stres ölçeği toplam puan ortancası bakımından zayıf, normal, pre-obez ve obez bireyler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Obez bireyler obez olmayan bireylere göre daha düşük yaşam kalitesine sahiptir. Gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalarda algılanan stres seviyesi ve obez olma durumu arasındaki ilişkinin daha doğru bir şekilde belirlenebilmesi için stresin bireylerin yeme davranışı üzerinde nasıl bir etki oluşturduğunun incelenmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Obezite, SF-36, Algılanan stres ölçeği

Kaynakça

1. Federation, W. O. (2023). Worldwide obesity on the rise. Retrieved from https://www.uclahealth.org/news/worldwide-obesity-rise
2. Chu, D.-T., Nguyet, N. T. M., Dinh, T. C., Lien, N. V. T., Nguyen, K.-H., Ngoc, V. T. N., .et al. (2018). An update on physical health and economic consequences of overweight and obesity. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 12(6), 1095-1100.
3. Stephenson, J., Smith, C., Kearns, B., Haywood, A., & Bissell, P. (2021). The association between obesity and quality of life: a retrospective analysis of a large-scale population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-9.
4. Pugliese, G., Liccardi, A., Graziadio, C., Barrea, L., Muscogiuri, G., & Colao, A. (2022). Obesity and infectious diseases: pathophysiology and epidemiology of a double pandemic condition. International Journal of Obesity, 46(3), 449-465.
5. Kim, C. O., Nam, C. M., Lee, D. C., Chang, J., & Lee, J. W. (2012). Is abdominal obesity associated with the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in Korean school-aged children? Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 6(5), 313- 317. doi:10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00318.x
6. Bijani, B., Pahlevan, A. A., Qasemi-Barqi, R., & Jahanihashemi, H. (2016). Metabolic syndrome as an independent risk factor of hypoxaemia in influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic. Infez Med, 24(2), 123-130.
7. Müller, O., Lu, G., Jahn, A., & Razum, O. (2020). COVID-19 control: can Germany learn from China? International journal of health policy and management, 9(10), 432.
8. Okyay, P. (2023). Covıd-19 pandemisinde dünyada güncel durum. Retrieved from https://hasuder.org/Duyurular/Detay/basin-bildirileri/covid-19-pandemisinde-guncel-durum-ve- oneriler/0de0bf33-ea27-1032-3bf1-3a0492d70a09
9. Taylor, V. H., Forhan, M., Vigod, S. N., McIntyre, R. S., & Morrison, K. M. (2013). The impact of obesity on quality of life. Best practice & research Clinical endocrinology & metabolism, 27(2), 139-146.
10. Kolotkin, R. L., & Andersen, J. R. (2017). A systematic review of reviews: exploring the relationship between obesity, weight loss and health‐related quality of life. Clinical obesity, 7(5), 273-289.
11. Ware, J. E., Snow, K., Kosinski, M., & Gandek, B. (1996). The SF-36 health survey. Manual and interpretation guide, 2.
12. Pinar, R. (2005). Reliability and construct validity of the SF-36 in Turkish cancer patients. Quality of Life Research, 14, 259-264.
13. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, 385-396.
14. Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan stres ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi. Paper presented at the New/Yeni Symposium Journal.
15. Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., 3rd, Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res, 28(2), 193-213. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
16. Agargun, M. (1996). Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksinin gecerligi ve guvenirligi. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 7, 107-115.
17. Mackenzie, M. D. (1946). The World Health Organization. British medical journal, 2(4472), 428.
18. Kolotkin, R., Meter, K., & Williams, G. (2001). Quality of life and obesity. Obesity reviews, 2(4), 219-229.
19. Van den Hoek, D. J., Miller, C. T., Fraser, S. F., Selig, S. E., Rice, T., Grima, M., .et al. (2022). Mental health and quality of life during weight loss in females with clinically severe obesity: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 1-12.
20. Samsa, G. P., Kolotkin, R. L., Williams, G. R., Nguyen, M. H., & Mendel, C. M. (2001). Effect of moderate weight loss on health-related quality of life: an analysis of combined data from 4 randomized trials of sibutramine vs placebo. Am J Manag Care, 7(9), 875-883.
21. Fontaine, K. R., Cheskin, L. J., & Barofsky, I. (1996). Health-related quality of life in obese persons seeking treatment. J Fam Pract, 43(3), 265-270.
22. Agosto, A., Campmas, A., Giudici, P., & Renda, A. (2021). Monitoring COVID-19 contagion growth. Stat Med, 40(18), 4150-4160. doi:10.1002/sim.9020.
23. Pandi-Perumal, S. R., Vaccarino, S. R., Chattu, V. K., Zaki, N. F., BaHammam, A. S., Manzar, D.,et al. (2021). ‘Distant socializing,’not ‘social distancing’as a public health strategy for COVID-19. Pathogens and global health, 115(6), 357-364.
24. Beri, V. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of employed women residing in Delhi-NCR, India: Mediating role of working from-for home. Health Care for Women International, 42(3), 323-334.
25. Chooi, Y. C., Ding, C., & Magkos, F. (2019). The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism, 92, 6-10. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.09.005
26. Isasi, C. R., Parrinello, C. M., Jung, M. M., Carnethon, M. R., Birnbaum-Weitzman, O., Espinoza, R. A., et al. (2015). Psychosocial stress is associated with obesity and diet quality in Hispanic/Latino adults. Ann Epidemiol, 25(2), 84-89. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.11.002.
27. Chen, Y., & Qian, L. (2012). Association between lifetime stress and obesity in Canadians. Prev Med, 55(5), 464-467. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.08.013
28. Tomiyama, A. J. (2019). Stress and Obesity. Annu Rev Psychol, 70, 703-718. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-
010418-102936
29. Wardle, J., Chida, Y., Gibson, E. L., Whitaker, K. L., & Steptoe, A. (2011). Stress and adiposity: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Obesity (Silver Spring), 19(4), 771-778. doi:10.1038/oby.2010.241
30. Tomiyama, A. J. (2014). Weight stigma is stressful. A review of evidence for the Cyclic Obesity/Weight- Based Stigma model. Appetite, 82, 8-15.
31. Spahlholz, J., Baer, N., König, H. H., Riedel‐Heller, S., & Luck‐Sikorski, C. (2016). Obesity and discrimination–a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies. Obesity reviews, 17(1), 43-55. 32. Wallis, D. J., & Hetherington, M. M. (2009). Emotions and eating. Self-reported and experimentally induced changes in food intake under stress. Appetite, 52(2), 355-362. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2008.11.007.
33. Choi, J. (2020). Impact of Stress Levels on Eating Behaviors among College Students. Nutrients, 12(5). doi:10.3390/nu12051241
34. Serlachius, A., Hamer, M., & Wardle, J. (2007). Stress and weight change in university students in the United Kingdom. Physiol Behav, 92(4), 548-553. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.04.032
35. Kivimäki, M., Head, J., Ferrie, J. E., Shipley, M. J., Brunner, E., Vahtera, J., et al. (2006). Work stress, weight gain and weight loss: evidence for bidirectional effects of job strain on body mass index in the Whitehall II study. Int J Obes (Lond), 30(6), 982-987. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803229.
36. Khan, M. K., Chu, Y. L., Kirk, S. F., & Veugelers, P. J. (2015). Are sleep duration and sleep quality associated with diet quality, physical activity, and body weight status? A population-based study of Canadian children. Can J Public Health, 106(5), e277-282. doi:10.17269/cjph.106.4892.
37. Doo, M., & Kim, Y. (2016). Association between sleep duration and obesity is modified by dietary macronutrients intake in Korean. Obes Res Clin Pract, 10(4), 424-431. doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2015.08.010.
38. Bayon, V., Leger, D., Gomez-Merino, D., Vecchierini, M. F., & Chennaoui, M. (2014). Sleep debt and obesity. Ann Med, 46(5), 264-272. doi:10.3109/07853890.2014.931103.
39. Rahe, C., Czira, M. E., Teismann, H., & Berger, K. (2015). Associations between poor sleep quality and different measures of obesity. Sleep Med, 16(10), 1225-1228. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.05.023.
40. Krističević, T., Štefan, L., & Sporiš, G. (2018). The Associations between Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality with Body-Mass Index in a Large Sample of Young Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 15(4). doi:10.3390/ijerph15040758.
41. Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, C., Torres-Macho, J., Elvira-Martínez, C. M., Molina-Trigueros, L. J., Sebastián- Viana, T., & Hernández-Barrera, V. (2021). Obesity is associated with a greater number of long-term post- COVID symptoms and poor sleep quality: A multicentre case-control study. Int J Clin Pract, 75(12), e14917. doi:10.1111/ijcp.14917.

Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Halk Sağlığı (Diğer)
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	İzzet Ülker 0000-0001-9444-5243
Erken Görünüm Tarihi	1 Ekim 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi	30 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA	Ülker, İ. (2023). Obezitenin Hastalık Sürecinde Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi: COVID-19 Örneği. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(3), 682-691. https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1338547

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