Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Yükselen Sanayi Ekonomilerinde Dijitalleşme ve Küreselleşmenin Gelir Dağılımı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 1836 - 1853, 30.11.2023

Ömer Demir Orhan Cengiz Şahin Nas

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1329669

Öz

Dijitalleşme, teknolojik gelişmenin en önemli göstergesidir. Daha spesifik olarak, dijitalleşme gelir dağılımını farklı şekillerde etkilemektedir. Dijital teknolojilerdeki gelişme işgücü verimliliğini ve ekonomik etkinliği artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle, dijitalleşmenin gelir eşitsizliğini nasıl etkilediğine dair daha fazla kanıt elde edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, 2000-2020 dönemi boyunca 29 Yükselen Sanayi Ekonomisinde (EIEs) dijitalleşmenin dağılımsal etkisini araştırmaktadır. Panel ARDL modeli tahmin sonuçları, dijitalleşmenin gelir eşitsizliğini azalttığını göstermektedir. Benzer şekilde, ekonomik büyüme, küreselleşme ve kurumsal kalite de gelir eşitsizliğini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Buna ek olarak, ekonomik büyüme, küreselleşme ve kurumsal kalite, dijitalleşmenin gelir eşitsizliği üzerindeki teşvik edici etkisini desteklemektedir. Ayrıca, Dumitrescu-Hurlin (DH) panel nedensellik testi sonucu ekonomik büyüme, küreselleşme ve dijitalleşme ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında iki yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğunu ve gelir eşitsizliğinden kurumsal kaliteye doğru ise tek yönlü nedensellik olduğunu doğrulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dijitalleşme gelir eşitsizliği küreselleşme yükselen sanayi ekonomileri PMG tahmincisi

Kaynakça

  • Adegboye, A., Ojeka, S. A., Tolase, O., Omoremi, O., & Jude-Okeke, Y. (2022). Technology penetration and human development nexus in middle-income countries: the synergy effect of inclusive resources distribution. Information Technology for Development, 28(4), p. 860-874.
  • Afzal, A., Firdousi, S. F., Waqar, A., & Awais, M. (2022). The Influence of Internet Penetration on Poverty and Income Inequality, 12(3), p. 1-17.
  • Aleksandrova, A., Truntsevsky, Y., & Polutova, M. (2022). Digitalization and its Impact on Economic Growth. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 42(3), p. 424-441.
  • Ali, M. A., Alam, K., Taylor, B., & Rafiq, S. (2019). Do Income Distribution and Socio-Economic Inequality Affect ICT Affordability? Evidence From Australian Household Panel Data. Economic Analysis and Policy, 64, p. 317-238.
  • Anand, S., & Segal, P. (2008). What Do We Know About Global Income Inequality? Journal of Economic Literature, 46(1), p. 57-94.
  • Asongu, S. A., & Odhiambo, N. (2019). How Enhancing Information and Communication Technology Has Affected Inequality in Africa For Sustainable Development: An Empirical Investigation. Sustainable Development, 27, p. 647-656.
  • Asongu, S. A., Odhiambo, N. M., & Rahman, M. (2023). Information Technology, Inequality, and Adult Literacy in Developing Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, p. 1-19.
  • Awad, A. (2022). Information and Communication Technologies Role in Alleviating Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Impacts and Transmission Channels. Sustainable Development, 31, p. 1149-1165.
  • Bechtel, G. G. (2014). Does Globalization Mitigate Income Inequality? Journal of Data Science, 12, p. 197-215.
  • Brandolini, A., & Smeeding, T. M. (2009). Income Inequality in Richer and OECD Countries. In Wiemer Salverda,
  • Brian Nolan, & Timothy M. Smeeding (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality (pp. 71-100). Oxford University Press: Oxford & New York.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), p. 239-253.
  • Brodny, J., & Tutak, M. (2022). Analyzing the Level of Digitalization among the Enterprises of the European Union Member States and Their Impact on Economic Growth. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(70), p. 1-29.
  • Bucevska, V. (2019). Determinants of Income Inequality in EU Candidate Countries: A Panel Analysis. Economic Themes, 57(4), p. 397-413.
  • Chipeva, P., Cruz-Jesus, F., Oliveira, T., & Irani, Z. (2018). Digital Divide at Individual Level: Evidence for Eastern and Western European Countries. Government Information Quarterly, 35, p. 460-479.
  • Chudik, A., & Pesaran, M. H. (2015). Common Correlated Effects Estimation of Heterogeneous Dynamic Panel Data Models With Weakly Exogenous Regressors. Journal of Econometrics, 188(2), p. 393-420.
  • Chudik, A., Mohaddes, K., Pesaran, M. H., & Raissi, M. (2017). Is There A Debt-Threshold Effect on Output Growth? The Review of Economics and Statistics, 99(1), p. 135-150.
  • Çetin, M., Sarıgül, S. S., Işık, C., Avcı, P., Ahmad, M., & Alvarado, R. (2023). The Impact of Natural Resources, Economic Growth, Savings, and Current Account Balance on Financial Sector Development: Theory And Empirical Evidence. Resources Policy, 81, p. 1-13.
  • Das, S., & Chatterjee, A. (2023). Impacts of ICT and Digital Finance on Poverty and Income Inequality: A Sub-National Study From India. Information Technology for Development, p. 1-29.
  • De Maio, F. G. (2007). Income Inequality Measures. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 61, p. 849-852.
  • Demir, A., Pesqué-Cela, V., Altunbas, Y., & Murinde, V. (2022). Fintech, Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality: A Quantile Regression Approach. The European Journal of Finance, 28(1), p. 86-107.
  • Deng, X., Guo, M., & Liu, Y. (2023). Digital Economy Development and The Urbanrural Urban-Rural Income Gap: Evidence From Chinese Cities. PLoS ONE, 18(2), p. 1-25.
  • Dossou, T. A., Kambaye, E. N., Berhe, M. W., & Asongu, S. A. (2023). Moderating Effect of ICT On The Relationship Between Governance Quality and Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Information Development, p. 1-20.
  • Dumitrescu, E.-I., & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), p. 1450-1460.
  • Dzator, J., Acheampong, A. O., Appiah-Otoo, I., & Dzator, M. (2023). Leveraging Digital Technology For Development: Does ICT Contribute to Poverty Reduction? Telecommunications Policy, 47(4), p. 1-34.
  • Fiedler, P., Fidrmuc, J., & Reck, F. (2021). Automation, Digitalization, and Income Inequality in Europe. Finance a Uver. Czech Journal of Economics & Finance, 71(3), p. 203-219.
  • Gonese, D., Tsegaye, A., Kapingura, F., & Khumalo, S. A. (2022). Trade Openness and Income Inequality: A Case of Southern African Development Community Countries. Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, 10(4), p. 135-151.
  • Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N., & Sturm, J. E. (2019). The KOF Globalisation Index Revisited. The Review of International Organizations, 14, p. 543-574.
  • Guellec, D., & Paunov, C. (2017). Digital Innovation and The Distribution of Income. Working Paper 23987. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w23987
  • Ha, N. M., Le, N. D., & Trung-Kien, P. (2019). The Impact of Urbanization on Income Inequality: A Study in Vietnam. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 12, 146, p. 1-14.
  • Habibi, F., & Zabardast, M. A. (2020). Digitalization, Education and Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis of Middle East and OECD Countries. Technology in Society, 63, p. 1-9.
  • Han, V., Ocal, O., & Aslan, A. (2023). A Revisit to The Relationship Between Globalization and Income Inequality: Are Levels Of Development Really Paramount? Quality & Quantity, 57, p. 973-990.
  • Houngbonon, G. V., & Liang, J. (2021). Broadband internet and income inequality. Review of Network Economics, 20(2), p. 55-99.
  • Huang, J., Sun, Y., & Yang, L. (2023). Does Digitalization Widen Labor Income Inequality? p. 1-46. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4471295
  • Ibrahim, C. (2022). Globalization and Income Inequality in Developing Countries: A GMM Approach. SN Business & Economics, 2, 98, p. 1-14.
  • ITU. (2023). ITU-D ICT Statistics. https://www.itu.int/itu-d/sites/statistics/
  • Jian, X., & Afshan, S. (2023) Dynamic Effect of Green Financing and Green Technology Innovation on Carbon Neutrality in G10 Countries: Fresh Insights From CS-ARDL Approach. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(2), 2130389.
  • Jing, A. H. Y., Ab-Rahim, R., & Ismail, F. (2019). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Income Inequality in ASEAN-5 Countries. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(9), p. 359-373.
  • Krishnan, V. (2010). Constructing an Area-based Socioeconomic Index: A Principal Components Analysis Approach. Early Childhood Intervention Australia (ECIA) 2010 Conference (p. 1-26). Canberra: National Convention Centre. https://www.ualberta.ca/community-university-partnership/media-library /community-university-partnership/research/ecmap-reports/seicupwebsite10april13-1.pdf
  • Kuznets, S. (1995). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), p. 1-28.
  • Lee, C. C., Lee, C. C., & Cheng, C. Y. (2022). The Impact of FDI on Income Inequality: Evidence From The Perspective of Financial Development. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 27(1), p. 137-157.
  • Lee, C. C., Lee, C. C., & Lien, D. (2020). Income Inequality, Globalization, and Country Risk: A Cross-Country Analysis. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 26(2), p. 379-404.
  • Li, C., Huo, P., Wang, Z., Zhang, W., Liang, F., & Mardani, A. (2023). Digitalization Generates Equality? Enterprises’ Digital Transformation, Financing Constraints, and Labor Share in China. Journal of Business Research, 163, p. 1-11.
  • Mabrouki, M. (2022). Patent, Education, Human Capital, and Economic Growth in Scandinavian Countries: a Dynamic Panel CS ARDL Analysis. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. p. 1-16.
  • Manga, M., & Cengiz, O. (2020). Yeni Küresel Düzende Büyüme, Eşitsizlik ve Kapsayıcılık İlişkisi. Hiperyayın: İstanbul.
  • Mehmood, U. (2022). Renewable Energy and Foreign Direct Investment: Does The Governance Matter for CO2 Emissions? Application of CS-ARDL. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, p. 19816-19822.
  • Milanovic, B. (2006). Global Income Inequality: A Review. World Economics, 7(1), p. 131-157.
  • Milanovic, B. (2012). Global Income Inequality by the Numbers: In History and Now. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6259, p. 1-28.
  • Munir, K., & Sultan, M. (2017). Macroeconomic Determinants of Income Inequality in India and Pakistan. Theoretical & Applied Economics, 24(4), p. 109-120.
  • Myovella, G., Karacuka, M., & Haucap, J. (2020). Digitalization and Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD Economies. Telecommunications Policy, 44, p. 1-12.
  • Namazi, M. (2020). The Determinant of Income Inequality: Emphasis on Digitalization. Doctoral Dissertation. Manchester: Southern New Hampshire.
  • Nas, Ş. (2021). Yeni Yapısalcı Kalkınma ve Dijital Eşitsizlik. S. Nerse, & A. Özkan (Ed.) içinde, Dijital Tabakalaşma ve Eşitsizlik (p. 211-232). Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Nas, Ş. (2023). Ekonomi ve Metaverse. V. Batdı, & S. Ayaz (Ed.) içinde, İnovasyon Yönetimi ve İnovatif Metaverse Devrimi (p. 395-412). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Ndoya, H., & Asongu, S. A. (2022). Digital Divide, Globalization and Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan African Countries: Analysing Cross-Country Heterogeneity. Social Responsibility Journal, p. 1-19.
  • Nguyen, V. B. (2022). Does Digitalization Widen Income Inequality? A Comparative Assessment for Advanced and Developing Economies. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 17(2), p. 154-171.
  • Nguyen, V. B. (2023). The Role of Digitalization in The FDI – Income Inequality Relationship in Developed and Developing Countries. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, p. 1-21.
  • Noh, Y.-H., & Yoo, K. (2008). Internet, Inequality and Growth. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30(6), p. 1005–1016. Odhiambo, N. M. (2022). Information Technology, Income Inequality and Economıc Growth in Sub-Saharan Afrıcan Countries. Telecommunications Policy, 46(6), p. 1-12.
  • Okumus, I., Guzel, A. E., & Destek, M. A. (2021). Renewable, Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in G7: Fresh Evidence From CS-ARDL. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, p. 56595-56605.
  • Patria, H., & Erumban, A. A. (2020). Impact of ICT Adoption on Inequality. The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning, 1(2), p. 125-139.
  • Pearson, K. (1901). On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space, Philosophical Magazine, Series 6, 2(11), p. 559-572.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. IZA Discussion Paper No. 1240, p. 1-39.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in The Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal Of Applied Econometrics, 22, p. 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. Econometrics Journal, 11(1), p. 105-127.
  • Richmond, K., & Triplett, R. E. (2018). ICT and Income Inequality: A Cross-National Perspective. International Review of Applied Economics, 32(2), p. 195-214.
  • Rubin, A., & Segal, D. (2015). The Effects of Economic Growth on Income Inequality in The US. Journal of Macroeconomics, 45, p. 258-273.
  • Shah, C. S., & Krishnan, S. (2023). ICT, Gender Inequality, and Income Inequality: A Panel Data Analysis Across Countries. Information Systems Frontiers, p. 1-19.
  • Sharif, A., Kartal, M. T., Bekun, F. V., Pata, U. K., Foon, C. L., & Depren, S. K. (2023). Role of Green Technology, Environmental Taxes, and Green Energy Towards Sustainable Environment: Insights from Sovereign Nordic Countries By CS-ARDL Approach. Gondwana Research, 117, p. 194-206.
  • Solt, F. (2020). Measuring Income Inequality Across Countries and Over Time: The Standardized World Income Inequality Database. Social Science Quarterly, 101(3), p. 1184-1199.
  • Tchamyou, V. S., Erreygers, G., & Cassimon, D. (2018). Inequality, ICT and Financial Access in Africa. AGDI Working Paper WP/18/048. Africa: African Governance and Development Institute.
  • The Global Economy (2023). https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/
  • Trapeznikova, I. (2019). Measuring Income Inequality. IZA World of Labor.
  • UNCTAD. (2021). Cross-border Data Flows and Development: For Whom the Data Flow. Digital Economy Report. United Nations: United Nations Conference on Trade Development. https://unctad.org/publication /digital-economy-report-2021
  • UNCTAD. (2023). Towards Value Creation and Inclusiveness. Digital Economy Report Pacific Edition 2022. New York, USA: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. https://unctad.org/publication/digital-economy-report-pacific-edition-2022
  • Untari, R., Priyarsono, D. S., & Novianti, T. (2019). Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Infrastructure on Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Indonesia. Engineering and Technology, 6(1), p. 109-116.
  • Voumik, L. C., Mimi, M. B., & Raihan, A. (2023). Nexus between Urbanization, Industrialization, Natural Resources Rent, and Anthropogenic Carbon Emissions in South Asia: CS-ARDL Approach. Anthropocene Science, 2(1), p. 48-61.
  • Wang, J., & Xu, Y. (2023). Digitalization, Income Inequality, and Public Health: Evidence From Developing Countries. Technology in Society, 73, p. 1-9.
  • World Bank. (2023). https://data.worldbank.org/
  • Wu, H. X., & Yu, C. (2022). The Impact of The Digital Economy on China’s Economic Growth and Productivity Performance. China Economic Journal, 15(2), p.153-170.
  • Xu, C., Han, M., Dossou, T. A. M., & Bekun, F. V. (2021). Trade Openness, FDI, and Income Inequality: Evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa. African Development Review, 33, p. 193-203.
  • Yao, L., & Ma, X. (2022). Has Digital Finance Widened the Income Gap? PLoS ONE, 17(2), p. 1-20.
  • Yin, Z. H., & Choi, C. H. (2023). Does Digitalization Contribute to Lesser Income Inequality? Evidence From G20 Countries. Information Technology for Development, 29(1), p. 61-82.
  • Zehra, S., Majeed, M. T., & Ali, A. (2021). Quality of Institutional Indicators and Income Inequality: A Global Panel Data Analysis of 114 Economies. Pakistan Journal of Economic Studies, 4(2), p. 165-204.
  • Zhang, J., Zhao, W., Cheng, B., Li, A., Wang, Y., Yang, N., & Tian, Y. (2022). The Impact of Digital Economy on the Economic Growth and the Development Strategies in the post-COVID-19 Era: Evidence From Countries Along the “Belt and Road”. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, p. 1-17.

The Impact Digitalization and Globalization on Income Distribution in Emerging Industrial Economies

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3, 1836 - 1853, 30.11.2023

Ömer Demir Orhan Cengiz Şahin Nas

https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1329669

Öz

Digitalization is the most important indicator of technological development. More specifically, digitalization affects income distribution in different ways. Improvement in digital technologies promotes labour productivity and economic efficiency. Hence, how digitalization affects income inequality is required to obtain more evidence. This study investigates the distributional impact of digitalization in 29 Emerging Industrial Economies (EIEs) over the period 2000-2020. The panel ARDL model estimation results show digitalization alleviates income inequality. Likewise, economic growth, globalization, and institutional quality also negatively affect income inequality. In addition, economic growth, globalization, and institutional quality support the encouraging effect of digitalization on income inequality. Moreover, the Dumitrescu-Hurlin (DH) panel causality test result confirms the two-way causality between economic growth, globalization, and digitalization with income inequality, and the one-way causality running from income inequality to institutional quality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digitalization income inequality globalization emerging industrial economies PMG estimator

Kaynakça

  • Adegboye, A., Ojeka, S. A., Tolase, O., Omoremi, O., & Jude-Okeke, Y. (2022). Technology penetration and human development nexus in middle-income countries: the synergy effect of inclusive resources distribution. Information Technology for Development, 28(4), p. 860-874.
  • Afzal, A., Firdousi, S. F., Waqar, A., & Awais, M. (2022). The Influence of Internet Penetration on Poverty and Income Inequality, 12(3), p. 1-17.
  • Aleksandrova, A., Truntsevsky, Y., & Polutova, M. (2022). Digitalization and its Impact on Economic Growth. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, 42(3), p. 424-441.
  • Ali, M. A., Alam, K., Taylor, B., & Rafiq, S. (2019). Do Income Distribution and Socio-Economic Inequality Affect ICT Affordability? Evidence From Australian Household Panel Data. Economic Analysis and Policy, 64, p. 317-238.
  • Anand, S., & Segal, P. (2008). What Do We Know About Global Income Inequality? Journal of Economic Literature, 46(1), p. 57-94.
  • Asongu, S. A., & Odhiambo, N. (2019). How Enhancing Information and Communication Technology Has Affected Inequality in Africa For Sustainable Development: An Empirical Investigation. Sustainable Development, 27, p. 647-656.
  • Asongu, S. A., Odhiambo, N. M., & Rahman, M. (2023). Information Technology, Inequality, and Adult Literacy in Developing Countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, p. 1-19.
  • Awad, A. (2022). Information and Communication Technologies Role in Alleviating Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Impacts and Transmission Channels. Sustainable Development, 31, p. 1149-1165.
  • Bechtel, G. G. (2014). Does Globalization Mitigate Income Inequality? Journal of Data Science, 12, p. 197-215.
  • Brandolini, A., & Smeeding, T. M. (2009). Income Inequality in Richer and OECD Countries. In Wiemer Salverda,
  • Brian Nolan, & Timothy M. Smeeding (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Economic Inequality (pp. 71-100). Oxford University Press: Oxford & New York.
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), p. 239-253.
  • Brodny, J., & Tutak, M. (2022). Analyzing the Level of Digitalization among the Enterprises of the European Union Member States and Their Impact on Economic Growth. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(70), p. 1-29.
  • Bucevska, V. (2019). Determinants of Income Inequality in EU Candidate Countries: A Panel Analysis. Economic Themes, 57(4), p. 397-413.
  • Chipeva, P., Cruz-Jesus, F., Oliveira, T., & Irani, Z. (2018). Digital Divide at Individual Level: Evidence for Eastern and Western European Countries. Government Information Quarterly, 35, p. 460-479.
  • Chudik, A., & Pesaran, M. H. (2015). Common Correlated Effects Estimation of Heterogeneous Dynamic Panel Data Models With Weakly Exogenous Regressors. Journal of Econometrics, 188(2), p. 393-420.
  • Chudik, A., Mohaddes, K., Pesaran, M. H., & Raissi, M. (2017). Is There A Debt-Threshold Effect on Output Growth? The Review of Economics and Statistics, 99(1), p. 135-150.
  • Çetin, M., Sarıgül, S. S., Işık, C., Avcı, P., Ahmad, M., & Alvarado, R. (2023). The Impact of Natural Resources, Economic Growth, Savings, and Current Account Balance on Financial Sector Development: Theory And Empirical Evidence. Resources Policy, 81, p. 1-13.
  • Das, S., & Chatterjee, A. (2023). Impacts of ICT and Digital Finance on Poverty and Income Inequality: A Sub-National Study From India. Information Technology for Development, p. 1-29.
  • De Maio, F. G. (2007). Income Inequality Measures. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 61, p. 849-852.
  • Demir, A., Pesqué-Cela, V., Altunbas, Y., & Murinde, V. (2022). Fintech, Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality: A Quantile Regression Approach. The European Journal of Finance, 28(1), p. 86-107.
  • Deng, X., Guo, M., & Liu, Y. (2023). Digital Economy Development and The Urbanrural Urban-Rural Income Gap: Evidence From Chinese Cities. PLoS ONE, 18(2), p. 1-25.
  • Dossou, T. A., Kambaye, E. N., Berhe, M. W., & Asongu, S. A. (2023). Moderating Effect of ICT On The Relationship Between Governance Quality and Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Information Development, p. 1-20.
  • Dumitrescu, E.-I., & Hurlin, C. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), p. 1450-1460.
  • Dzator, J., Acheampong, A. O., Appiah-Otoo, I., & Dzator, M. (2023). Leveraging Digital Technology For Development: Does ICT Contribute to Poverty Reduction? Telecommunications Policy, 47(4), p. 1-34.
  • Fiedler, P., Fidrmuc, J., & Reck, F. (2021). Automation, Digitalization, and Income Inequality in Europe. Finance a Uver. Czech Journal of Economics & Finance, 71(3), p. 203-219.
  • Gonese, D., Tsegaye, A., Kapingura, F., & Khumalo, S. A. (2022). Trade Openness and Income Inequality: A Case of Southern African Development Community Countries. Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, 10(4), p. 135-151.
  • Gygli, S., Haelg, F., Potrafke, N., & Sturm, J. E. (2019). The KOF Globalisation Index Revisited. The Review of International Organizations, 14, p. 543-574.
  • Guellec, D., & Paunov, C. (2017). Digital Innovation and The Distribution of Income. Working Paper 23987. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w23987
  • Ha, N. M., Le, N. D., & Trung-Kien, P. (2019). The Impact of Urbanization on Income Inequality: A Study in Vietnam. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 12, 146, p. 1-14.
  • Habibi, F., & Zabardast, M. A. (2020). Digitalization, Education and Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis of Middle East and OECD Countries. Technology in Society, 63, p. 1-9.
  • Han, V., Ocal, O., & Aslan, A. (2023). A Revisit to The Relationship Between Globalization and Income Inequality: Are Levels Of Development Really Paramount? Quality & Quantity, 57, p. 973-990.
  • Houngbonon, G. V., & Liang, J. (2021). Broadband internet and income inequality. Review of Network Economics, 20(2), p. 55-99.
  • Huang, J., Sun, Y., & Yang, L. (2023). Does Digitalization Widen Labor Income Inequality? p. 1-46. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4471295
  • Ibrahim, C. (2022). Globalization and Income Inequality in Developing Countries: A GMM Approach. SN Business & Economics, 2, 98, p. 1-14.
  • ITU. (2023). ITU-D ICT Statistics. https://www.itu.int/itu-d/sites/statistics/
  • Jian, X., & Afshan, S. (2023) Dynamic Effect of Green Financing and Green Technology Innovation on Carbon Neutrality in G10 Countries: Fresh Insights From CS-ARDL Approach. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(2), 2130389.
  • Jing, A. H. Y., Ab-Rahim, R., & Ismail, F. (2019). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Income Inequality in ASEAN-5 Countries. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(9), p. 359-373.
  • Krishnan, V. (2010). Constructing an Area-based Socioeconomic Index: A Principal Components Analysis Approach. Early Childhood Intervention Australia (ECIA) 2010 Conference (p. 1-26). Canberra: National Convention Centre. https://www.ualberta.ca/community-university-partnership/media-library /community-university-partnership/research/ecmap-reports/seicupwebsite10april13-1.pdf
  • Kuznets, S. (1995). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), p. 1-28.
  • Lee, C. C., Lee, C. C., & Cheng, C. Y. (2022). The Impact of FDI on Income Inequality: Evidence From The Perspective of Financial Development. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 27(1), p. 137-157.
  • Lee, C. C., Lee, C. C., & Lien, D. (2020). Income Inequality, Globalization, and Country Risk: A Cross-Country Analysis. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 26(2), p. 379-404.
  • Li, C., Huo, P., Wang, Z., Zhang, W., Liang, F., & Mardani, A. (2023). Digitalization Generates Equality? Enterprises’ Digital Transformation, Financing Constraints, and Labor Share in China. Journal of Business Research, 163, p. 1-11.
  • Mabrouki, M. (2022). Patent, Education, Human Capital, and Economic Growth in Scandinavian Countries: a Dynamic Panel CS ARDL Analysis. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. p. 1-16.
  • Manga, M., & Cengiz, O. (2020). Yeni Küresel Düzende Büyüme, Eşitsizlik ve Kapsayıcılık İlişkisi. Hiperyayın: İstanbul.
  • Mehmood, U. (2022). Renewable Energy and Foreign Direct Investment: Does The Governance Matter for CO2 Emissions? Application of CS-ARDL. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, p. 19816-19822.
  • Milanovic, B. (2006). Global Income Inequality: A Review. World Economics, 7(1), p. 131-157.
  • Milanovic, B. (2012). Global Income Inequality by the Numbers: In History and Now. The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6259, p. 1-28.
  • Munir, K., & Sultan, M. (2017). Macroeconomic Determinants of Income Inequality in India and Pakistan. Theoretical & Applied Economics, 24(4), p. 109-120.
  • Myovella, G., Karacuka, M., & Haucap, J. (2020). Digitalization and Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD Economies. Telecommunications Policy, 44, p. 1-12.
  • Namazi, M. (2020). The Determinant of Income Inequality: Emphasis on Digitalization. Doctoral Dissertation. Manchester: Southern New Hampshire.
  • Nas, Ş. (2021). Yeni Yapısalcı Kalkınma ve Dijital Eşitsizlik. S. Nerse, & A. Özkan (Ed.) içinde, Dijital Tabakalaşma ve Eşitsizlik (p. 211-232). Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Nas, Ş. (2023). Ekonomi ve Metaverse. V. Batdı, & S. Ayaz (Ed.) içinde, İnovasyon Yönetimi ve İnovatif Metaverse Devrimi (p. 395-412). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Ndoya, H., & Asongu, S. A. (2022). Digital Divide, Globalization and Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan African Countries: Analysing Cross-Country Heterogeneity. Social Responsibility Journal, p. 1-19.
  • Nguyen, V. B. (2022). Does Digitalization Widen Income Inequality? A Comparative Assessment for Advanced and Developing Economies. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 17(2), p. 154-171.
  • Nguyen, V. B. (2023). The Role of Digitalization in The FDI – Income Inequality Relationship in Developed and Developing Countries. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, p. 1-21.
  • Noh, Y.-H., & Yoo, K. (2008). Internet, Inequality and Growth. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30(6), p. 1005–1016. Odhiambo, N. M. (2022). Information Technology, Income Inequality and Economıc Growth in Sub-Saharan Afrıcan Countries. Telecommunications Policy, 46(6), p. 1-12.
  • Okumus, I., Guzel, A. E., & Destek, M. A. (2021). Renewable, Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Nexus in G7: Fresh Evidence From CS-ARDL. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, p. 56595-56605.
  • Patria, H., & Erumban, A. A. (2020). Impact of ICT Adoption on Inequality. The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning, 1(2), p. 125-139.
  • Pearson, K. (1901). On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space, Philosophical Magazine, Series 6, 2(11), p. 559-572.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. IZA Discussion Paper No. 1240, p. 1-39.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in The Presence of Cross-Section Dependence. Journal Of Applied Econometrics, 22, p. 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias-adjusted LM test of error cross-section independence. Econometrics Journal, 11(1), p. 105-127.
  • Richmond, K., & Triplett, R. E. (2018). ICT and Income Inequality: A Cross-National Perspective. International Review of Applied Economics, 32(2), p. 195-214.
  • Rubin, A., & Segal, D. (2015). The Effects of Economic Growth on Income Inequality in The US. Journal of Macroeconomics, 45, p. 258-273.
  • Shah, C. S., & Krishnan, S. (2023). ICT, Gender Inequality, and Income Inequality: A Panel Data Analysis Across Countries. Information Systems Frontiers, p. 1-19.
  • Sharif, A., Kartal, M. T., Bekun, F. V., Pata, U. K., Foon, C. L., & Depren, S. K. (2023). Role of Green Technology, Environmental Taxes, and Green Energy Towards Sustainable Environment: Insights from Sovereign Nordic Countries By CS-ARDL Approach. Gondwana Research, 117, p. 194-206.
  • Solt, F. (2020). Measuring Income Inequality Across Countries and Over Time: The Standardized World Income Inequality Database. Social Science Quarterly, 101(3), p. 1184-1199.
  • Tchamyou, V. S., Erreygers, G., & Cassimon, D. (2018). Inequality, ICT and Financial Access in Africa. AGDI Working Paper WP/18/048. Africa: African Governance and Development Institute.
  • The Global Economy (2023). https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/
  • Trapeznikova, I. (2019). Measuring Income Inequality. IZA World of Labor.
  • UNCTAD. (2021). Cross-border Data Flows and Development: For Whom the Data Flow. Digital Economy Report. United Nations: United Nations Conference on Trade Development. https://unctad.org/publication /digital-economy-report-2021
  • UNCTAD. (2023). Towards Value Creation and Inclusiveness. Digital Economy Report Pacific Edition 2022. New York, USA: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. https://unctad.org/publication/digital-economy-report-pacific-edition-2022
  • Untari, R., Priyarsono, D. S., & Novianti, T. (2019). Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Infrastructure on Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Indonesia. Engineering and Technology, 6(1), p. 109-116.
  • Voumik, L. C., Mimi, M. B., & Raihan, A. (2023). Nexus between Urbanization, Industrialization, Natural Resources Rent, and Anthropogenic Carbon Emissions in South Asia: CS-ARDL Approach. Anthropocene Science, 2(1), p. 48-61.
  • Wang, J., & Xu, Y. (2023). Digitalization, Income Inequality, and Public Health: Evidence From Developing Countries. Technology in Society, 73, p. 1-9.
  • World Bank. (2023). https://data.worldbank.org/
  • Wu, H. X., & Yu, C. (2022). The Impact of The Digital Economy on China’s Economic Growth and Productivity Performance. China Economic Journal, 15(2), p.153-170.
  • Xu, C., Han, M., Dossou, T. A. M., & Bekun, F. V. (2021). Trade Openness, FDI, and Income Inequality: Evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa. African Development Review, 33, p. 193-203.
  • Yao, L., & Ma, X. (2022). Has Digital Finance Widened the Income Gap? PLoS ONE, 17(2), p. 1-20.
  • Yin, Z. H., & Choi, C. H. (2023). Does Digitalization Contribute to Lesser Income Inequality? Evidence From G20 Countries. Information Technology for Development, 29(1), p. 61-82.
  • Zehra, S., Majeed, M. T., & Ali, A. (2021). Quality of Institutional Indicators and Income Inequality: A Global Panel Data Analysis of 114 Economies. Pakistan Journal of Economic Studies, 4(2), p. 165-204.
  • Zhang, J., Zhao, W., Cheng, B., Li, A., Wang, Y., Yang, N., & Tian, Y. (2022). The Impact of Digital Economy on the Economic Growth and the Development Strategies in the post-COVID-19 Era: Evidence From Countries Along the “Belt and Road”. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, p. 1-17.
Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonomik Modeller ve Öngörü, Panel Veri Analizi , Ekonometri (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ömer Demir 0000-0001-8421-0619

Orhan Cengiz 0000-0002-1883-4754

Şahin Nas 0000-0003-3267-4432

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Kasım 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Demir, Ö., Cengiz, O., & Nas, Ş. (2023). The Impact Digitalization and Globalization on Income Distribution in Emerging Industrial Economies. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(3), 1836-1853. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1329669
AMA Demir Ö, Cengiz O, Nas Ş. The Impact Digitalization and Globalization on Income Distribution in Emerging Industrial Economies. ASBİ. Kasım 2023;23(3):1836-1853. doi:10.11616/asbi.1329669
Chicago Demir, Ömer, Orhan Cengiz, ve Şahin Nas. “The Impact Digitalization and Globalization on Income Distribution in Emerging Industrial Economies”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 23, sy. 3 (Kasım 2023): 1836-53. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1329669.
EndNote Demir Ö, Cengiz O, Nas Ş (01 Kasım 2023) The Impact Digitalization and Globalization on Income Distribution in Emerging Industrial Economies. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 23 3 1836–1853.
IEEE Ö. Demir, O. Cengiz, ve Ş. Nas, “The Impact Digitalization and Globalization on Income Distribution in Emerging Industrial Economies”, ASBİ, c. 23, sy. 3, ss. 1836–1853, 2023, doi: 10.11616/asbi.1329669.
ISNAD Demir, Ömer vd. “The Impact Digitalization and Globalization on Income Distribution in Emerging Industrial Economies”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 23/3 (Kasım 2023), 1836-1853. https://doi.org/10.11616/asbi.1329669.
JAMA Demir Ö, Cengiz O, Nas Ş. The Impact Digitalization and Globalization on Income Distribution in Emerging Industrial Economies. ASBİ. 2023;23:1836–1853.
MLA Demir, Ömer vd. “The Impact Digitalization and Globalization on Income Distribution in Emerging Industrial Economies”. Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 23, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 1836-53, doi:10.11616/asbi.1329669.
Vancouver Demir Ö, Cengiz O, Nas Ş. The Impact Digitalization and Globalization on Income Distribution in Emerging Industrial Economies. ASBİ. 2023;23(3):1836-53.
 Kapak Resmi İndir