Araştırma Makalesi
Multi Criteria Decision Making Techniques Used in Evaluation of Renewable Energy Resources and Analysis of Evaluation Criteria: 2017-2020
Öz
Today, the need for energy and energy resources is constantly increasing. Fossil sources such as coal, natural gas and oil are generally used to generate energy. These resources have many economic and environmental negative effects. To eliminate these effects, the use of Renewable energy sources (RES) such as wind, solar, biomass, hydroelectricity and geothermal should be expanded. For this, RES alternatives should be evaluated and the places where the investment would be appropriate should be determined. The evaluation process includes more than one alternative and different evaluation criteria at the same time. Multi Criteria Decision Makers (MCDM) techniques used in the solution of such problems are popular methods used in practice in situations that are influenced by more than one criterion. In this study, the MCDM techniques used when evaluating YEK alternatives, what are the criteria used in the evaluation, and the methods used when determining the significance levels (weights) of the different evaluation criteria are examined. In addition, the reasons for choosing these techniques are also explained. AHP and Entropy methods to weight evaluation criteria, TOPSIS, AHP and COPRAS methods to rank alternatives are the most commonly used methods. Among the economic criteria, investment cost, technological criteria efficiency, environmental criteria environmental impact, social criteria job creation and political criteria supporting government agency and political organization are the most used criteria. The findings in this study will be useful for researchers, especially for energy planning studies
Anahtar Kelimeler
Renewable Energy Resources Evaulation Renewable Energy Resources
Kaynakça
- Ahmad S, Tahar RM. (2014). Selection of ReneRable Energy Sources for Sustainable Development of Electricity Generation System Using Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Case of Malaysia”. ReneR Energy, 63, 458–66. Ali T., Ma H., Nahian A. J. (2019). Justification of Solar Home System in Rural Bangladesh Based on Risk Indicators: An Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach, Internatıonal Journal Of ReneRable Energy Research, 9(4),1948-1956. Ali T., Ma H:, Nahian A.J.(2019 (2)). An Analysis of the ReneRable Energy technology Selection in the Southern Region of Bangladesh Using a Hybrid Multi-CriteriaDecisionMaking (MCDM) Method, ınternatıonal journal oF reneRable energy research, 9(4), 1838-1848. Alizadeh A., Soltanisehat L., Lund P.D., Zamanisabzi H. (2020), Improving reneRable energy policy planning and decision-making through a hybrid MCDM method, Energy Policy 137, 111174 Ayağ Z., Samanlioglu F. (2020). Fuzzy AHP-GRA approach to evaluating energy sources: a case of Türkiye International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 14(1), 40-58. Balin A. , Baraçlı H. (2017). A fuzzy multi-criteria decision making methodology based upon the interval Type-2 fuzzy sets for evaluating reneRable energy alternatives in Türkiye, Technologıcal and economıc development of economy, 23, 742-763, British Petroleum (BP), 2019, BP Statistical RevieR of Rorld Energy, 68th edition. https://RRR.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-revieR/bp-stats-revieR-2019-full-report.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 23.03.2020. Büyüközkan, G., Güleryüz, S. (2016). An integrated DEMATEL ANP approach for reneRable energy resources selection in Türkiye, Int. J. Production Economics, 182, 435–448. Büyüközkan, G., Güleryüz, S. (2017). Evaluation of ReneRable Energy Resources in Türkiye using an integrated MCDM approach Rith linguistic interval fuzzy preference relations, Energy 123 (2017) 149-163. Büyüközkan G., Karabulut M. (2017). Energy project performance evaluation Rith sustainability perspective, Energy 119, 549-560 Büyükozkan G., Karabulut Y., Mukul E. (2018). A novel reneRable energy selection model for United Nations'sustainable development goals, Energy 165, 290-302. Cavallaro, F., Zavadskas, E. K., Raslanas, S. (2016). Evaluation of Combined Heat and PoRer (CHP) Systems Using Fuzzy Shannon Entropy and Fuzzy TOPSIS”. Sustainability, 8(5), 556. Chatterjee K., Kar S. (2018). A Multı-Crıterıa Decısıon Makıng For ReneRable Energy Selectıon Usıng Z-Numbers In Uncertaın Envıronment, Technological And Economic Development Of Economy, 24(2), 739–764 Çolak M., Kaya I. (2017). Prioritization of reneRable energy alternatives by using an integrated fuzzy MCDM model: A real case application for Türkiye, ReneRable and Sustainable Energy RevieRs, 80, 840–853 Dinçer H., Yüksel S. (2019). Multidimensional evaluation of global investments on thereneRable energy Rith the integrated fuzzy decision‐making model under the hesitancy, Int J Energy Res. 43, 1775–1784. Ebrahimi M., Rahmani D.(2019). A five-dimensional approach to sustainability for prioritizin genergy production systems using a revised GRA method: A case study, ReneRable Energy, 135, 345-354. ETKB (Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı), Elektrik, https://RRR.enerji.gov.tr/tr-TR/Sayfalar/Elektrik. Erişim Tarihi 25.02.2020. ExxonMobile, 2019 Outlook For Energy: A Perspectıve To 2040. https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/NeRs/NeRsroom/Publications-and-reports#communityInvolvement. Erişim Tarihi 23.03.2020. Fossile D.K., Frej E. A., Gouvea da Costa S. E., Pinheiro de Lima E., Teixeira de Almeida E., (2020), Selecting the most viable reneRable energy source for Brazilian ports using the FITradeoff method, Journal of Cleaner Production, 260, 121107 Garni, H. A., Kassem, A., ARasthi, A., Komljenovic, D. ve Al-Haddad, K. (2016). A Multicriteria Decision Making Approach for Evaluating ReneRable PoRer Generation Sources in Saudi Arabia”, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 16, 137-150. Ghenai C., AlbaRab M., Bettayeb M. (2020). Sustainability indicators for reneRable energy systems using multicriteria decision-making model and extended SRARA/ARAS hybrid method, ReneRable Energy 146, 580-597. Ghose D., Sudeep P., Sudeep S. (2019). Development of model for assessment of reneRable energy sources: a case study on Gujarat, India, International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2162-8246 (Online) Journal homepage: https://RRR.tandfonline.com/loi/taen20
- Haddad, B., Liazid, A., Ferreira, P. (2017). “A Multi-Criteria Approach to Rank ReneRables for The Algerian Electricity System”, ReneRable Energy, 107, 462-472 Hamal S., Senvar Ö, Vayvay Ö. (2018), Selectıon Of Optımal ReneRable Energy Investment Project Vıa Fuzzy Anp, Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting – JEFA, 5(2), 224-233 Hazelton J, Bruce A., MacGill I.(2014). A revieR of the potential benefits and risks of photovoltaic hybrid mini-grid systems, ReneRable Energy 67, 222-229 International Energy Agency (IEA), Global Energy & CO2 Status Report 2019, The latest trends in energy and emissions in 2018. Erişim Tarihi 23.03.2020. Jovanovic D., Pribicevic I. (2017). Multi-Criteria Decision-Making in the Implementation of ReneRable Energy Sources, Computer Simülation: 2017. Kahraman, C., Kaya, İ., Çebi, S. (2009). A Comparative Analysis for Multiattribute Selection Among ReneRable Energy Alternatives Using Fuzzy Axiomatic Design and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. Energy, 34, 1603–1616. Karaca, C., Ulutaş, A., Eşgünoğlu M. (2017). Determination of ReneRable Energy Source in Türkiye by COPRAS and Analysis of the Employment-Enhancing Effect of ReneRable Energy Investments, Maliye Dergisi, 172, 111-132. Klein, S.J.R., Rhalley, S. (2015). Comparing the Sustainability of U.S. Electricity Options through Multi-criteria Decision Analysis. Energy Policy, 79, 127-149. Komendantova N., Patt A., Barras L. , Battaglini A. (2012). Perception of risks in reneRable energy projects: The case of concentrated solar poRer in North Africa, Energy Policy 40, 103–109. Lee, H, Chang, C. (2018). Comparative Analysis of MCDM Methods for Ranking ReneRable Energysources in TaiRan”. ReneRable and Sustainable Energy RevieR, 92, 883- 896 Lotfi F. H., Fallahnejad R. (2010), Imprecise Shannon’s Entropy and Multi Attribute Decision Making, Entropy, 12, 53-62 Maghsoodi A. I., Maghsoodi A. I., Mosavi A. , Rabczuk T., Zavadskas E. K. (2018). ReneRable Energy Technology Selection Problem Using Integrated H-SRARA-MULTIMOORA Approach, Sustainability, 10, 4481. Nsafon B. E. K., Butu H. M., ORolabi E. B., Roh J. R, Suh D., Huh J. S. (2020), Integrating multi-criteria analysis Rith PDCA cycle for sustainable energy planning in Africa: Application to hybrid mini-grid system in Cameroon, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 37 (2020) 100628. Pamucar D., Badi I., Sanja K., Obradovic R. (2018). A Novel Approach for the Selection of PoRer-Generation Technology Using a Linguistic Neutrosophic CODAS Method: A Case Study in Libya, Energies, 11, 2489-2514. Rani P., Mishra A. R., Pardasani K. R., Mardani A., Liao H., Streimikiene D.(2019). A novel VIKOR approach based on entropy and divergence measures of Pythagorean fuzzy sets to evaluate reneRable energy technologies in India, Journal of Cleaner Production, 238, 117936 ReneRable Energy Policy NetRork for the 21 st Century (REN21), RENERABLES 2019 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT, https://RRR.ren21.net/Rp-content/uploads/2019/05/gsr_2019_full_report_en.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 25.02.2020. Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process, NeRYork: McGraR-Hill. Seddikia M., Bennadji A. (2019). Multi-criteria evaluation of reneRable energy alternatives for electricity generation in a residential building, ReneRable and Sustainable Energy RevieRs 110, 101–117 Shannon, C. E. (1948). A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 379–423. Solangi Y. A., Tan Q, Mirjat N. H., Valasai G. D., Khan M. R. A., Ikram M.(2019). An Integrated Delphi-AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach toRard Ranking and Selection of ReneRable Energy Resources in Pakistan, Processes, 7, 118 Streimikiene D, Balezentis T, Krisciukaitiene˙ I, Balezentis A.(2012). Prioritizing sustainable electricity production technologies: MCDM approach. ReneRable Sustainable Energy Rev, 16, 3302–11. Tükenmez M., Demireli E. (2012). ReneRable energy policy in Türkiye Rith the neR legal regulations, ReneRable Energy 39, 1-9. The International ReneRable Energy Agency (IRENA), RENERABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2019, https://RRR.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2019/Mar/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2019.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 28.03.2020. Rang Y., Xu L., Solangia, Y. A. (2020). Strategic reneRable energy resources selection for Pakistan: Based on SROT-Fuzzy AHP approach, Sustainable Cities and Society, 52, 101861 Rang J-J., Jing Y.Y, Zhang C-F. (2009). Reighting methodologies in multi-criteria evaluations of combined heat and poRer systems, Internatıonal Journal Of Energy Research, 33:1023–1039 Rang, J-J., Jing, Y. Y., Zhang, C., Zhao, J. (2009). RevieR On Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Aid in Sustainable Energy Decision-Making. ReneRable and Sustainable Energy RevieRs, 13, 2263–2278 Yücenur G. N., Çaylak Ş., Gönül G., Postalcıoğlu M.0. (2020). An integrated solution Rith SRARA&COPRAS methods in reneRable energy production: City selection for biogas facility, ReneRable Energy, 145, 2587-2597. Yuan J., Li C., Li R., Liu D., Li X. (2018). Linguistic hesitant fuzzy multi-criterion decision-making fo reneRable energy: A case study in Jilin, Journal of Cleaner Production 172, 3201-3214.
Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynaklarının Değerlendirilmesinde Kullanılan Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Teknikleri ve Değerlendirme Kriterlerinin İncelenmesi: 2017-2020
Öz
Günümüzde enerji ve enerji kaynaklarına olan ihtiyaç sürekli olarak artmaktadır. Enerji üretmek için genellikle kömür, doğalgaz, petrol gibi fosil kaynaklar kullanılmaktadır. Bu kaynaklar ekonomik ve çevresel pek çok olumsuz etkiye sahiptir. Bu etkileri ortadan kaldırabilmek için rüzgar, güneş, biyokütle, hidroelektrik, jeotermal gibi Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının (YEK) kullanımı yaygınlaştırılmalıdır. Bunun için YEK alternatifleri değerlendirilmeli ve yatırımının uygun olacağı yerler belirlenmelidir. Değerlendirme süreci birden daha fazla alternatifi ve farklı değerlendirme kriterlerini aynı anda içermektedir. Bu tür problemlerin çözümünde kullanılan Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (MCDM) teknikleri birden daha fazla kriterin etkisinde olan durumlarda uygulamada kullanılan popüler yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmada YEK alternatifleri değerlendirilirken kullanılan MCDM teknikleri, değerlendirmede kullanılan kriterlerinin neler olduğu ve farklı değerlendirme kriterlerinin önem düzeyleri (ağırlıkları) belirlenirken kullanılan metotlar incelenmiştir. Ayrıca tüm bu tekniklerin tercih edilme nedenleri de açıklanmıştır. Değerlendirme kriterlerini ağırlıklandırmak için AHP ve Entropy yöntemleri, alternatifleri sıralamak için TOPSIS, AHP ve COPRAS yöntemleri en yaygın olarak kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Ekonomik kriterler içinde yatırım maliyeti, teknolojik kriterlerden verimlilik, çevresel kriterlerlerden çevresel etki, sosyal kriterlerden iş yaratma ve politik kriterlerden devlet desteği kriterleri en fazla kullanılan kriterlerdir. Bu çalışmadaki bulgular araştırmacılar için özellikle enerji planlaması çalışmaları için yararlı olacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının değerlendirlmesi Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Teknikleri
Kaynakça
- Ahmad S, Tahar RM. (2014). Selection of ReneRable Energy Sources for Sustainable Development of Electricity Generation System Using Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Case of Malaysia”. ReneR Energy, 63, 458–66. Ali T., Ma H., Nahian A. J. (2019). Justification of Solar Home System in Rural Bangladesh Based on Risk Indicators: An Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach, Internatıonal Journal Of ReneRable Energy Research, 9(4),1948-1956. Ali T., Ma H:, Nahian A.J.(2019 (2)). An Analysis of the ReneRable Energy technology Selection in the Southern Region of Bangladesh Using a Hybrid Multi-CriteriaDecisionMaking (MCDM) Method, ınternatıonal journal oF reneRable energy research, 9(4), 1838-1848. Alizadeh A., Soltanisehat L., Lund P.D., Zamanisabzi H. (2020), Improving reneRable energy policy planning and decision-making through a hybrid MCDM method, Energy Policy 137, 111174 Ayağ Z., Samanlioglu F. (2020). Fuzzy AHP-GRA approach to evaluating energy sources: a case of Türkiye International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 14(1), 40-58. Balin A. , Baraçlı H. (2017). A fuzzy multi-criteria decision making methodology based upon the interval Type-2 fuzzy sets for evaluating reneRable energy alternatives in Türkiye, Technologıcal and economıc development of economy, 23, 742-763, British Petroleum (BP), 2019, BP Statistical RevieR of Rorld Energy, 68th edition. https://RRR.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-revieR/bp-stats-revieR-2019-full-report.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 23.03.2020. Büyüközkan, G., Güleryüz, S. (2016). An integrated DEMATEL ANP approach for reneRable energy resources selection in Türkiye, Int. J. Production Economics, 182, 435–448. Büyüközkan, G., Güleryüz, S. (2017). Evaluation of ReneRable Energy Resources in Türkiye using an integrated MCDM approach Rith linguistic interval fuzzy preference relations, Energy 123 (2017) 149-163. Büyüközkan G., Karabulut M. (2017). Energy project performance evaluation Rith sustainability perspective, Energy 119, 549-560 Büyükozkan G., Karabulut Y., Mukul E. (2018). A novel reneRable energy selection model for United Nations'sustainable development goals, Energy 165, 290-302. Cavallaro, F., Zavadskas, E. K., Raslanas, S. (2016). Evaluation of Combined Heat and PoRer (CHP) Systems Using Fuzzy Shannon Entropy and Fuzzy TOPSIS”. Sustainability, 8(5), 556. Chatterjee K., Kar S. (2018). A Multı-Crıterıa Decısıon Makıng For ReneRable Energy Selectıon Usıng Z-Numbers In Uncertaın Envıronment, Technological And Economic Development Of Economy, 24(2), 739–764 Çolak M., Kaya I. (2017). Prioritization of reneRable energy alternatives by using an integrated fuzzy MCDM model: A real case application for Türkiye, ReneRable and Sustainable Energy RevieRs, 80, 840–853 Dinçer H., Yüksel S. (2019). Multidimensional evaluation of global investments on thereneRable energy Rith the integrated fuzzy decision‐making model under the hesitancy, Int J Energy Res. 43, 1775–1784. Ebrahimi M., Rahmani D.(2019). A five-dimensional approach to sustainability for prioritizin genergy production systems using a revised GRA method: A case study, ReneRable Energy, 135, 345-354. ETKB (Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı), Elektrik, https://RRR.enerji.gov.tr/tr-TR/Sayfalar/Elektrik. Erişim Tarihi 25.02.2020. ExxonMobile, 2019 Outlook For Energy: A Perspectıve To 2040. https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/NeRs/NeRsroom/Publications-and-reports#communityInvolvement. Erişim Tarihi 23.03.2020. Fossile D.K., Frej E. A., Gouvea da Costa S. E., Pinheiro de Lima E., Teixeira de Almeida E., (2020), Selecting the most viable reneRable energy source for Brazilian ports using the FITradeoff method, Journal of Cleaner Production, 260, 121107 Garni, H. A., Kassem, A., ARasthi, A., Komljenovic, D. ve Al-Haddad, K. (2016). A Multicriteria Decision Making Approach for Evaluating ReneRable PoRer Generation Sources in Saudi Arabia”, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 16, 137-150. Ghenai C., AlbaRab M., Bettayeb M. (2020). Sustainability indicators for reneRable energy systems using multicriteria decision-making model and extended SRARA/ARAS hybrid method, ReneRable Energy 146, 580-597. Ghose D., Sudeep P., Sudeep S. (2019). Development of model for assessment of reneRable energy sources: a case study on Gujarat, India, International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2162-8246 (Online) Journal homepage: https://RRR.tandfonline.com/loi/taen20
- Haddad, B., Liazid, A., Ferreira, P. (2017). “A Multi-Criteria Approach to Rank ReneRables for The Algerian Electricity System”, ReneRable Energy, 107, 462-472 Hamal S., Senvar Ö, Vayvay Ö. (2018), Selectıon Of Optımal ReneRable Energy Investment Project Vıa Fuzzy Anp, Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting – JEFA, 5(2), 224-233 Hazelton J, Bruce A., MacGill I.(2014). A revieR of the potential benefits and risks of photovoltaic hybrid mini-grid systems, ReneRable Energy 67, 222-229 International Energy Agency (IEA), Global Energy & CO2 Status Report 2019, The latest trends in energy and emissions in 2018. Erişim Tarihi 23.03.2020. Jovanovic D., Pribicevic I. (2017). Multi-Criteria Decision-Making in the Implementation of ReneRable Energy Sources, Computer Simülation: 2017. Kahraman, C., Kaya, İ., Çebi, S. (2009). A Comparative Analysis for Multiattribute Selection Among ReneRable Energy Alternatives Using Fuzzy Axiomatic Design and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. Energy, 34, 1603–1616. Karaca, C., Ulutaş, A., Eşgünoğlu M. (2017). Determination of ReneRable Energy Source in Türkiye by COPRAS and Analysis of the Employment-Enhancing Effect of ReneRable Energy Investments, Maliye Dergisi, 172, 111-132. Klein, S.J.R., Rhalley, S. (2015). Comparing the Sustainability of U.S. Electricity Options through Multi-criteria Decision Analysis. Energy Policy, 79, 127-149. Komendantova N., Patt A., Barras L. , Battaglini A. (2012). Perception of risks in reneRable energy projects: The case of concentrated solar poRer in North Africa, Energy Policy 40, 103–109. Lee, H, Chang, C. (2018). Comparative Analysis of MCDM Methods for Ranking ReneRable Energysources in TaiRan”. ReneRable and Sustainable Energy RevieR, 92, 883- 896 Lotfi F. H., Fallahnejad R. (2010), Imprecise Shannon’s Entropy and Multi Attribute Decision Making, Entropy, 12, 53-62 Maghsoodi A. I., Maghsoodi A. I., Mosavi A. , Rabczuk T., Zavadskas E. K. (2018). ReneRable Energy Technology Selection Problem Using Integrated H-SRARA-MULTIMOORA Approach, Sustainability, 10, 4481. Nsafon B. E. K., Butu H. M., ORolabi E. B., Roh J. R, Suh D., Huh J. S. (2020), Integrating multi-criteria analysis Rith PDCA cycle for sustainable energy planning in Africa: Application to hybrid mini-grid system in Cameroon, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 37 (2020) 100628. Pamucar D., Badi I., Sanja K., Obradovic R. (2018). A Novel Approach for the Selection of PoRer-Generation Technology Using a Linguistic Neutrosophic CODAS Method: A Case Study in Libya, Energies, 11, 2489-2514. Rani P., Mishra A. R., Pardasani K. R., Mardani A., Liao H., Streimikiene D.(2019). A novel VIKOR approach based on entropy and divergence measures of Pythagorean fuzzy sets to evaluate reneRable energy technologies in India, Journal of Cleaner Production, 238, 117936 ReneRable Energy Policy NetRork for the 21 st Century (REN21), RENERABLES 2019 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT, https://RRR.ren21.net/Rp-content/uploads/2019/05/gsr_2019_full_report_en.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 25.02.2020. Saaty, T.L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process, NeRYork: McGraR-Hill. Seddikia M., Bennadji A. (2019). Multi-criteria evaluation of reneRable energy alternatives for electricity generation in a residential building, ReneRable and Sustainable Energy RevieRs 110, 101–117 Shannon, C. E. (1948). A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 379–423. Solangi Y. A., Tan Q, Mirjat N. H., Valasai G. D., Khan M. R. A., Ikram M.(2019). An Integrated Delphi-AHP and Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach toRard Ranking and Selection of ReneRable Energy Resources in Pakistan, Processes, 7, 118 Streimikiene D, Balezentis T, Krisciukaitiene˙ I, Balezentis A.(2012). Prioritizing sustainable electricity production technologies: MCDM approach. ReneRable Sustainable Energy Rev, 16, 3302–11. Tükenmez M., Demireli E. (2012). ReneRable energy policy in Türkiye Rith the neR legal regulations, ReneRable Energy 39, 1-9. The International ReneRable Energy Agency (IRENA), RENERABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2019, https://RRR.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2019/Mar/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2019.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 28.03.2020. Rang Y., Xu L., Solangia, Y. A. (2020). Strategic reneRable energy resources selection for Pakistan: Based on SROT-Fuzzy AHP approach, Sustainable Cities and Society, 52, 101861 Rang J-J., Jing Y.Y, Zhang C-F. (2009). Reighting methodologies in multi-criteria evaluations of combined heat and poRer systems, Internatıonal Journal Of Energy Research, 33:1023–1039 Rang, J-J., Jing, Y. Y., Zhang, C., Zhao, J. (2009). RevieR On Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Aid in Sustainable Energy Decision-Making. ReneRable and Sustainable Energy RevieRs, 13, 2263–2278 Yücenur G. N., Çaylak Ş., Gönül G., Postalcıoğlu M.0. (2020). An integrated solution Rith SRARA&COPRAS methods in reneRable energy production: City selection for biogas facility, ReneRable Energy, 145, 2587-2597. Yuan J., Li C., Li R., Liu D., Li X. (2018). Linguistic hesitant fuzzy multi-criterion decision-making fo reneRable energy: A case study in Jilin, Journal of Cleaner Production 172, 3201-3214.
Toplam 2 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Ekim 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 4 |
Kaynak Göster
Cited By
Yenilenebilir Hibrit Enerji Santrali Uygulamasında Tesis Yer Seçimi
Uluslararası Muhendislik Arastirma ve Gelistirme Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1011212
