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TÜRKİYE’DE TARIM, SANAYİ VE HİZMET SEKTÖRLERİ İLE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: BOOTSTRAP TODA-YAMAMOTO NEDENSELLİK TESTİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 226 - 233, 27.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.1125113

Öz

Birçok ülke zaman içerisinde ekonomik yapısal değişimler geçirmekte ve bu yapısal değişimler genellikle tarımdan sanayiye ve sanayiden de hizmet sektörüne doğrudur. Ekonomik yapısal değişim süreci, kişi başına gelir düzeyinin artmasıyla birlikte tarım sektörünün önemi azalırken sanayi sektörü ön plana çıkmaya başlar ancak sanayi sektörü yerini sürekli artış gösteren hizmet sektörüne bırakmaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülke konumundaki Türkiye de ekonomik bir yapısal değişim yaşamaktadır. Buradan hareketle, çalışmanın amacı 1968-2020 döneminde ekonomik büyüme ile tarım, sanayi ve hizmet sektörü arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Çalışmada kullanılan Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik test sonucuna göre tarım sektöründen ekonomik büyümeye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunurken, ekonomik büyüme ile hizmet sektörü arasında ise çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Öte yandan çalışma sonucuna göre sanayi sektörü ile ekonomik büyüme arasında nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmamaktadır. Elde edilen sonuç ışığında politika yapıcı ve uygulayıcıların tarım ve hizmet sektörünü geliştirmeye yönelik vergi, sübvansiyon gibi birtakım teşvik ve yardım politikalarına ilişkin adım atmaları önerilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Alhowaish, A. K. (2014). “Does the Service Sector Cause Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence from Saudi Arabia”. Global Studies Journal, 7(2), 1-6.
  • Ali, S. W., & Kanwal, N. (2020). “Impact of Sectors (Agrıculture, Manufacturıng, Servıce & Industry) on Pakıstan’s GDP”. Harf-o-Sukhan, 4(3), 37-50.
  • Bashir, A., & Susetyo, D. (2018). “The Relationship between Economic Growth, Human Capital, and Agriculture Sector: Empirical Evidence From Indonesia”. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics (IJFAEC), 6(1128-2019-554), 35-52.
  • Cantore, N., Clara, M., Lavopa, A., & Soare, C. (2017). “Manufacturing as an Engine of Growth: Which is the best fuel?”. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 42, 56-66.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”. Journal of The American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427-431.
  • Enu, P. (2014). “Analysis of the Agricultural Sector of Ghana and its Economic Impact on Economic Growth”. Academic Research International, 5(4), 267-277.
  • Gani, A., & Clemes, M. D. (2010). “Services and Economic Growth in Pacific Island Countries”. International Journal of Development Issues. 9(2), 113-130.
  • Hacker, R. S., & Hatemi-J, A. (2006). “Tests for Causality between Integrated Variables Using Asymptotic and Bootstrap Distributions: Theory and Application”. Applied Economics, 38(13), 1489-1500.
  • Haraguchi, N., Cheng, C. F. C., & Smeets, E. (2017). “The Importance of Manufacturing in Economic Development: as this changed?”. World Development, 93, 293-315.
  • Jalil, A., Manan, S., & Saleemi, S. (2016). “Estimating the Growth Effects of Services Sector: a Cointegration Analysis for Pakistan”. Journal of Economic Structures, 5(1), 1-14.
  • Kaldor, N. (1966), Causes of the Slow Rate of Growth of the United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Katircioglu, S. (2004). “Co-İntegration and Causality between GDP, Agriculture, Industry and Services Growth in North Cyprus: Evidence from Time Series Data. Review of Social, Economic & Business Studies, 5(6), 173-187.
  • Katircioglu, S. T. (2006). “Causality between Agriculture and Economic Growth in a Small Nation Under Political Isolation: a Case from North Cyprus”. International Journal of Social Economics, 33(4):331–343.
  • Kaya, O., Kaya, I., & Gunter, L. (2012). “Development Aid to Agriculture and Economic Growth”. Review of Development Economics, 16(2), 230-242.
  • Kopuk, E., & Meçik, O. (2020). “Türkiye’de İmalat Sanayi ve Tarım Sektörlerinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: 1998-2020 Dönemi Analizi”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 263-274.
  • Krishna Dutt, A., & Young Lee, K. (1993). “The Service Sector and Economic Growth: Some Cross-Section Evidence”. International Review of Applied Economics, 7(3), 311-329.
  • Magoti, E., & Mtui, J. M. (2020). “The Relationship between Economic Growth and Service Sector in Tanzania: An Empirica”l Investigation. African Journal of Economic Review, 8(2), 219-238.
  • Mattoo, A., Rathindran, R., & Subramanian, A. (2006). “Measuring Services Trade Liberalization and Its Impact on Economic Growth: An Illustration”. Journal of Economic Integration, 21(1), 64-98.
  • Olajide, O. T., Akinlabi, B. H., & Tijani, A. A. (2012). “Agriculture Resource and Economic Growth in Nigeria”. European Scientific Journal, 8(22), 103-115.
  • Ozkan, B., & Ceylan, R. F. (2013). “Agricultural Value Added and Economic Growth in the European Union Accession Process”. New Medit: Mediterranean Journal of Economics, Agriculture and Environment, 12(4), 62-71.
  • Rahman, M. M., Rahman, M. S., & Hai-Bing, W. U. (2011). “Time Series Analysis of Causal Relationship among GDP, Agricultural, Industrial and Service Sector Growth in Bangladesh”. China-USA Business Review, 10(1).9-15.
  • Saqib, N. (2013). “Impact of Development and Efficiency of Financial Sector on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries”. Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, 3(3).
  • Sertoglu, K., Ugural, S., & Bekun, F. V. (2017). “The Contribution of Agricultural Sector on Economic Growth of Nigeria”. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(1), 547-552.
  • Singariya, M., & Sinha, N. (2015). “Relationships among per capita GDP, Agriculture and Manufacturing Sectors in India”. Journal of Finance and Economics, 3(2), 36-43.
  • Szirmai, A., & Verspagen, B. (2015). “Manufacturing and Economic Growth in Developing Countries, 1950–2005”. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 34, 46-59.
  • Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). “Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes”. Journal Of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
  • Uddin, M. M. M. (2015). “Causal Relationship between Agriculture, Industry and Services Sector for GDP Growth in Bangladesh: An Econometric Investigation”. Journal of Poverty, Investment Development, 8, 124-129.
  • UNCTAD (2020). The Least Developed Countrıes Report 2020. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ldcr2020_en.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 10.05.2022
  • Usman, M. (2016). “Contribution of Agriculture Sector in The GDP Growth Rate of Pakistan”. Journal of Global Economics, 4(2), 1-3.
  • Yetiz, F., & Özden, C. (2017). “Analysis of Causal Relationship among GDP, Agricultural, Industrial and Services Sector Growth in Turkey”. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(3), 75-84.
  • Yousuf, M., Ahmed, R., Lubna, N. A., & Sumon, S. M. (2019). “Estimating the Services Sector Impact on Economic Growth of Bangladesh: an Econometric Investigation”. Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, 7(2), 62-72.
  • World Bank (2020). World Bank Open Data. https://data.worldbank.org/, Erişim tarihi: 13.05.2022

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY, SERVICE SECTORS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TURKEY: BOOTSTRAP TODA-YAMAMOTO CAUSALITY TEST

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 226 - 233, 27.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.1125113

Öz

Many countries undergo economic structural changes over time, and these structural changes are generally from agriculture to industry and from industry to the service sector. While the importance of the agricultural sector decreases with the economic structural change process, the increase in the level of per capita income, the industrial sector begins to come to the fore, but the industrial sector retains its place in the service sector, which is constantly increasing. Turkey, which is a developing country, is also experiencing an economic structural change. From this perspective, the study examines the relationship between economic growth and agriculture, industry, and service sector in the period 1968-to 2020. According to the results of the Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto causality test used in the study, there is a one-way causality relationship between the agricultural sector and economic growth, while there is a bidirectional causality relationship between economic growth and the service sector. However, according to the results of this study, there is no causal relationship between the industrial sector and economic growth. Considering the results obtained, we recommend that policymakers and practitioners take steps regarding some incentives and aid policies such as taxes and subsidies, to develop the agriculture and service sector.

Kaynakça

  • Alhowaish, A. K. (2014). “Does the Service Sector Cause Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence from Saudi Arabia”. Global Studies Journal, 7(2), 1-6.
  • Ali, S. W., & Kanwal, N. (2020). “Impact of Sectors (Agrıculture, Manufacturıng, Servıce & Industry) on Pakıstan’s GDP”. Harf-o-Sukhan, 4(3), 37-50.
  • Bashir, A., & Susetyo, D. (2018). “The Relationship between Economic Growth, Human Capital, and Agriculture Sector: Empirical Evidence From Indonesia”. International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics (IJFAEC), 6(1128-2019-554), 35-52.
  • Cantore, N., Clara, M., Lavopa, A., & Soare, C. (2017). “Manufacturing as an Engine of Growth: Which is the best fuel?”. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 42, 56-66.
  • Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”. Journal of The American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427-431.
  • Enu, P. (2014). “Analysis of the Agricultural Sector of Ghana and its Economic Impact on Economic Growth”. Academic Research International, 5(4), 267-277.
  • Gani, A., & Clemes, M. D. (2010). “Services and Economic Growth in Pacific Island Countries”. International Journal of Development Issues. 9(2), 113-130.
  • Hacker, R. S., & Hatemi-J, A. (2006). “Tests for Causality between Integrated Variables Using Asymptotic and Bootstrap Distributions: Theory and Application”. Applied Economics, 38(13), 1489-1500.
  • Haraguchi, N., Cheng, C. F. C., & Smeets, E. (2017). “The Importance of Manufacturing in Economic Development: as this changed?”. World Development, 93, 293-315.
  • Jalil, A., Manan, S., & Saleemi, S. (2016). “Estimating the Growth Effects of Services Sector: a Cointegration Analysis for Pakistan”. Journal of Economic Structures, 5(1), 1-14.
  • Kaldor, N. (1966), Causes of the Slow Rate of Growth of the United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Katircioglu, S. (2004). “Co-İntegration and Causality between GDP, Agriculture, Industry and Services Growth in North Cyprus: Evidence from Time Series Data. Review of Social, Economic & Business Studies, 5(6), 173-187.
  • Katircioglu, S. T. (2006). “Causality between Agriculture and Economic Growth in a Small Nation Under Political Isolation: a Case from North Cyprus”. International Journal of Social Economics, 33(4):331–343.
  • Kaya, O., Kaya, I., & Gunter, L. (2012). “Development Aid to Agriculture and Economic Growth”. Review of Development Economics, 16(2), 230-242.
  • Kopuk, E., & Meçik, O. (2020). “Türkiye’de İmalat Sanayi ve Tarım Sektörlerinin Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: 1998-2020 Dönemi Analizi”. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 263-274.
  • Krishna Dutt, A., & Young Lee, K. (1993). “The Service Sector and Economic Growth: Some Cross-Section Evidence”. International Review of Applied Economics, 7(3), 311-329.
  • Magoti, E., & Mtui, J. M. (2020). “The Relationship between Economic Growth and Service Sector in Tanzania: An Empirica”l Investigation. African Journal of Economic Review, 8(2), 219-238.
  • Mattoo, A., Rathindran, R., & Subramanian, A. (2006). “Measuring Services Trade Liberalization and Its Impact on Economic Growth: An Illustration”. Journal of Economic Integration, 21(1), 64-98.
  • Olajide, O. T., Akinlabi, B. H., & Tijani, A. A. (2012). “Agriculture Resource and Economic Growth in Nigeria”. European Scientific Journal, 8(22), 103-115.
  • Ozkan, B., & Ceylan, R. F. (2013). “Agricultural Value Added and Economic Growth in the European Union Accession Process”. New Medit: Mediterranean Journal of Economics, Agriculture and Environment, 12(4), 62-71.
  • Rahman, M. M., Rahman, M. S., & Hai-Bing, W. U. (2011). “Time Series Analysis of Causal Relationship among GDP, Agricultural, Industrial and Service Sector Growth in Bangladesh”. China-USA Business Review, 10(1).9-15.
  • Saqib, N. (2013). “Impact of Development and Efficiency of Financial Sector on Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries”. Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, 3(3).
  • Sertoglu, K., Ugural, S., & Bekun, F. V. (2017). “The Contribution of Agricultural Sector on Economic Growth of Nigeria”. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(1), 547-552.
  • Singariya, M., & Sinha, N. (2015). “Relationships among per capita GDP, Agriculture and Manufacturing Sectors in India”. Journal of Finance and Economics, 3(2), 36-43.
  • Szirmai, A., & Verspagen, B. (2015). “Manufacturing and Economic Growth in Developing Countries, 1950–2005”. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 34, 46-59.
  • Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). “Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes”. Journal Of Econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
  • Uddin, M. M. M. (2015). “Causal Relationship between Agriculture, Industry and Services Sector for GDP Growth in Bangladesh: An Econometric Investigation”. Journal of Poverty, Investment Development, 8, 124-129.
  • UNCTAD (2020). The Least Developed Countrıes Report 2020. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ldcr2020_en.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 10.05.2022
  • Usman, M. (2016). “Contribution of Agriculture Sector in The GDP Growth Rate of Pakistan”. Journal of Global Economics, 4(2), 1-3.
  • Yetiz, F., & Özden, C. (2017). “Analysis of Causal Relationship among GDP, Agricultural, Industrial and Services Sector Growth in Turkey”. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(3), 75-84.
  • Yousuf, M., Ahmed, R., Lubna, N. A., & Sumon, S. M. (2019). “Estimating the Services Sector Impact on Economic Growth of Bangladesh: an Econometric Investigation”. Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, 7(2), 62-72.
  • World Bank (2020). World Bank Open Data. https://data.worldbank.org/, Erişim tarihi: 13.05.2022
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özlem Gül Dinç 0000-0003-4237-0088

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 17 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Temmuz 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Dinç, Ö. G. (2022). TÜRKİYE’DE TARIM, SANAYİ VE HİZMET SEKTÖRLERİ İLE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: BOOTSTRAP TODA-YAMAMOTO NEDENSELLİK TESTİ. İşletme Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 226-233. https://doi.org/10.33416/baybem.1125113

İşletme Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.

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