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Are Savings the Determinant of Economic Growth in the D8 Countries?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 403 - 414, 24.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.753927

Öz

Domestic savings play a fundamental role in the economic development of a country as they are the main financing source of domestic investments. Shortage of savings arising out of low level of income especially in underdeveloped countries lead to a few number of investments and inadequate level of employment, production, national revenue and savings. This vicious cycle causes the problem of savings gap for the countries which try to develop economically. Countries having an inadequate level of savings appeal to foreign savings in short term and try to develop policies in order to increase their savings in the long term. This study has been carried out in order to analyze the impact of savings on the economic growth of developing countries. Using the methods of panel data analysis, this study has concluded that domestic savings have a significant and positive impact on economic growth in D-8 sample. This finding indicates that D8 countries should focus on policies that increase their savings rates for high and sustainable growth.

Kaynakça

  • Aghion, P., Comin, D., Howitt, P., & Tecu, I. (2016). When Does Domestic Savings Matter for Economic Growth?. IMF Economic Review, 64(3), 381-407.
  • Agrawal, P. (2001). The Relation between Savings and Growth Cointegration and Causality Evidence from Asia. Applied Economics, 33, 499-513.
  • Agrawal, P. & Sahoo, P. (2009). Saving and Growth in Bangladesh. The Journal of Developing Areas, 42(2), 89-110.
  • Algucail, M., Cuadros, A. & Orts, V. (2004). Does Saving Really Matter for Growth? Mexico (1970-2000). Journal of International Development, 16(2), 281-290.
  • Alomar, I. (2013). Economic Growth and Savings in GCC: A Cointegration and Causal Relationship Analysis. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(9), 213-219.
  • Andersson, B. (1999). On the Causality between Saving and Growth: Long and Short Run Dynamics and Country Heterogeneity, Working Paper, no:1999-18, http://ideas.repec.org/p/fth/uppaal/199918.html, Erişim Tarihi: (05.07.2018).
  • Anoruo, E. & Ahmad, Y. (2001). Causal Relationship Between Domestic Savings and Economic Growth: Evidence from Seven African Countries. African Development Review, 13(2), 238-249.
  • Baharumshah, A. Z., Thanoon, M. A. & Rashid, S. (2003). Saving Dynamics in the Asian Countries. Journal of Asian Economics, 13, 827-845.
  • Bhargava, A., Franzini, L. & Narendranathan, W. (1982). Serial Correlation and The Fixed Effects Model. The Review of Economic Studies, 49 (4), 533-549.
  • Breusch, T. S. & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification tests in econometrics. Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-53.
  • Budha, B. B. (2012). A Multivariate Analysis of Savings, Investment and Growth in Nepal. MPRA Paper Series, No. 43346.
  • Campell, J. (1987). Does Savings Anticipate Declining Labour Income? An Alternative Test of the Pemanent Income Hypotesis. Econometrica, 55, 1251- 1270.
  • Carroll, C. D. & Weil, D. N. (1994). Saving and Growth: A Reinterpretation. Carnegic-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 40, 133-192.
  • Çağlayan, E. (2006). Enflasyon, Faiz Oranı ve Büyümenin Yurtiçi Tasarruflar Üzerindeki Etkileri. Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 21(1).
  • Çiftçioğlu, S. & Begoviç, N. (2010). Are Domestic Savings and Economic Growth Correlated? Evidence from a Sample of Central and East European Countries. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 8(3).
  • Domar, E. D. (1946). Capital Expansion, Rate of Growth, and Employment. Econometrica, 14(2), 137-147.
  • Düzgün, R. (2009). Türkiye’de Özel Tasarrufun Belirleyicileri. Erciyes Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 32, 173-189.
  • Feldstein, M. & Horoika, C. (1980). Domestic Saving and International Capital Flows. The Economic Journal, 90, 314-329.
  • Gavin, M., Hausmann, R. & Talvi, E. (1997). Saving Behaviour in Latin America: Overview and Policy Issues. Washington DC: Inter American Development Bank, Working Paper, No. 346.
  • Gülmez, A. & Yardımcıoğlu, F. (2013). BRICS Ülkeleri ile Türkiye’nin Ekonomik Büyümesinde Ulusal ve Yabancı Tasarrufların Etkisi: Panel Veri Analizi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 14(1).
  • Günsoy, G. & Tekeli, S. (2015). Nüfusun Yaşlanması ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Analiz. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 48(1).
  • Harrod, R. F. (1939). An Essay in Dynamic Theory. The Economic Journal, 49(193), 14-33.
  • Irandoust, M. & Ericsson, J. (2005). Foreign Aid, Domestic Savings, and Growth in LDCs: An Application of Likelihood-based Panel Cointegration. Economic Modelling, 22, 616-662.
  • Jagadesh, D. (2015). The Impact of Savings in Economic Growth: An Empirical Study Based on Bostwana. International Journal of Research in Business Studies Management, 2(9), pp. 10-21.
  • Katırcıpğlu, S. T. & Naraliyeva, A. (2006). Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Savings and Economic Growth in Kazakistan: Evidence from Co-integration and Causality Tests. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 3(2), 34-45.
  • Kaya, V. & Efe, G. (2015). Yurt İçi Tasarruflar ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Dünyanın En Büyük İlk Yirmi Ekonomisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi bve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2).
  • Konya, L. (2005). Saving and Growth: Granger Causality Analysis with Bootstrapping on Panals of Countries. Journal of Economic Research, 10, 231-260.
  • Kortela, T. Partanen, S. & Viren, M. (2007). Saving, Growth and Fertility: Some Cross-Country Evidence. Turun Ylıopısto University of Turku, Research Report no:120, Finlandiya.
  • Krieckhaus, J. (2002). Reconceptualizing the Developmental State: Public Savings and Economic Growth. World Development, 30(10), 1697-1712.
  • Lean, H. & Song, Y. (2009). The Domestic Savings and Economic Growth Relationship in China”, Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 2(1), 5-17.
  • Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour. Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 22(2), 139-191.
  • Loayza, N., Schmidt-Hebbel, K. & Servén, L. (2000). What Drives Private Saving Across the World?. Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(2), 165-181.
  • Maddala, G. S. & Wu, S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simle test. Oxford Bulletion of Economics and Statictics, 61, 631-652.
  • Mason, R. (1988). Saving, Economic Growth, and Demographic Change. Population and Development Review, 14(1), 113-144.
  • Mavrotas, G. & Kelly, R. (2001). Old Wine in New Bottles: Testing Causality between Savings and Growth. The Manchester School Supplement, 69, 97-105.
  • Modigliani , F. (1970). The Life Cycle Hypothesis of Saving and İnter-Country Differences in the Saving Ratio. in. Induction, Growth and Trade: Essays in Honor of Roy
  • Harrod, ed. By W. A. Eltis. Clarendon Pres, London.
  • Mohan, R. (2006). Causal Relationship between Savings and Economic Growth in Countries with different Income Levels. Economic Bulletin, 5(3), 1-12.
  • Morande, F. (1998). Savings in Chile What Went Right?. Journal of Development Economics, 57(1), 201-228.
  • Moulton, B. R. & Randolph, W.C. (1989). Alternative tests of the error components model. Econometrica, 57, 685-693.
  • Mphuka, C. (2010). Are Savings Working for Zambia’s Growth?. Zambia Social Science Journal, 1(2), 175-188.
  • Narayan, P. K. & Narayan, S. (2006). Savings Behaviour in Fiji: an Empirical Assessment using the ARDL Approach to Cointegration. International Journal of Social Economics, 33(7), 468-480.
  • Nargeleçekenler, M. (2011). Hisse Senedi Fiyatları ve Fiyat/Kazanç Oranı İlişkisi: Panel Verilerle Sektörel Bir Analiz. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(2): 165-184.
  • Odhiambo, N. M. (2008). Financial Depth, Savings and Economic Growth in Kenya: A Dynamic Causal Linkage. Economic Modelling, 25, 704-713.
  • Oladipo, O. S. (2010). Does Saving Really Matter for Growth in Developning Countries? The Case of a Small Open Economy. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 9(4), 87-94.
  • Özcan, K. M., Günay, A. & Ertaç, S. (2003). Determinants of Private Savings Behaviour in Turkey. Applied Economics, 35, 1405-1416.
  • Özlale, Ü. & Karakurt, A. (2012). Türkiye’de Tasarruf Açığının Nedenleri ve Kapatılması İçin Politika Önerileri. Bankacılar Dergisi, 23(83), 1-33.
  • Romer, P. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • Romm, T. (2003). The Relationship between Savings and Growth in South Africa: An Empirical Study, TIPS/DPRU Forum 2003: The Challenge of Growth and Poverty: The South African Economy Since Democracy, http://www.tips.org.za/node/332, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.07.2010).
  • Saltz, I. S. (1999). An Examination of the Causal Relationship between Savings and Growth in the Third World. Journal of Economics and Finance, 23(1), 90-98.
  • Sinha, D. (1996). Saving and Economic Growth in India. Economia Internazionale, 49(4), 637-647.
  • Sinha, D. & Sinha, T. (1998). Cart Before Horse? The Saving-Growth Nexus in Mexico. Economics Letter, 61, 43-47.
  • Sinha, D. & Sinha, T. (1999). Saving and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka. Indian Journal of Applied Economics, 8(3), 163-174.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, 65-94.
  • Sothan, S. (2014). Causal Relationship between Domestic Saving and Economic Growth: Evidence from Cambodia, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(9), pp. 213-220.
  • Summers, L. H. (1985). Issues in National Savings Policy. NBER Working Paper, No. 1710.
  • Şak, N. (2015). Panel Birim Kök Testleri, S. Güriş (eds.), Stata ile panel veri modelleri, (ss. 39-80). İstanbul: Der Kitabevi.
  • Tang, C. F. & Chua, S. (2012). The Saving-Growth Nexus for the Malaysian Economy: a view Through Rolling Sub-Samples. Applied Economics, 44(32), 4173-4185.
  • Ün, T. (2015). Stata ile panel veri analizi. S. Güriş (eds.), Stata ile panel veri modelleri, (ss. 39-80). İstanbul: Der Kitabevi.
  • Vujanovic, P. D. (1999). Habits and the Saving-Growth Relationship Why US Personal Savings Rates are at Historic Lows?, http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/wpawuwpma/9905002.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 08.12.2018).
  • Waithima, A. K. (2008). The Egg or the Chick first; saving or GDP Growth: Case for Kenya. KCA Journal of Business Management, 1(1), 1-10.
  • World Bank (1993), The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy, Policy Research Report, http://www-wds.worldbank.org, (Erişim Tarihi: 08.11.2018).
  • Yentürk, N., Çimenoğlu, B. & Ülengin, A. (2009). An Analysis of the Interaction among Savings, Investments, and Growth in Turkey. Applied Economics, 41(6), 739-751.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2016), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi (Stata Uygulamalı), İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.

D8 Ülkelerinde Tasarruflar Ekonomik Büyümenin Belirleyicisi mi?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2, 403 - 414, 24.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.753927

Öz

Yurtiçi tasarruflar yurtiçi yatırımların temel finansman kaynağı olması nedeniyle bir ülkenin ekonomik kalkınmasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Özellikle az gelişmiş ülkelerde düşük gelir düzeyinin yol açtığı tasarruf azlığı, yatırımların az olmasına ve devamında istihdamın, üretimin, milli gelirin ve tekrar tasarruf düzeyinin yetersizliğine yol açmaktadır. Bu kısır döngü, ülkelerin ekonomik kalkınmalarını gerçekleştirme noktasında tasarruf açığı sorunu yaşamalarına neden olmaktadır. Tasarrufları yetersiz olan ülkeler kısa vadede yurtdışı tasarruflara başvururken, uzun vadede tasarrufları artıracak politikalar geliştirme çabası içine girerler. Bu çalışmada gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ekonomik büyümesinde tasarrufların etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Panel veri analiz yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada D-8 örnekleminde yurtiçi tasarrufların ekonomik büyüme üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bulgu, D8 ülkelerinin yüksek ve sürdürülebilir büyüme için tasarruf oranlarını yükseltici politikalara odaklanmaları gerektiğini işaret etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aghion, P., Comin, D., Howitt, P., & Tecu, I. (2016). When Does Domestic Savings Matter for Economic Growth?. IMF Economic Review, 64(3), 381-407.
  • Agrawal, P. (2001). The Relation between Savings and Growth Cointegration and Causality Evidence from Asia. Applied Economics, 33, 499-513.
  • Agrawal, P. & Sahoo, P. (2009). Saving and Growth in Bangladesh. The Journal of Developing Areas, 42(2), 89-110.
  • Algucail, M., Cuadros, A. & Orts, V. (2004). Does Saving Really Matter for Growth? Mexico (1970-2000). Journal of International Development, 16(2), 281-290.
  • Alomar, I. (2013). Economic Growth and Savings in GCC: A Cointegration and Causal Relationship Analysis. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(9), 213-219.
  • Andersson, B. (1999). On the Causality between Saving and Growth: Long and Short Run Dynamics and Country Heterogeneity, Working Paper, no:1999-18, http://ideas.repec.org/p/fth/uppaal/199918.html, Erişim Tarihi: (05.07.2018).
  • Anoruo, E. & Ahmad, Y. (2001). Causal Relationship Between Domestic Savings and Economic Growth: Evidence from Seven African Countries. African Development Review, 13(2), 238-249.
  • Baharumshah, A. Z., Thanoon, M. A. & Rashid, S. (2003). Saving Dynamics in the Asian Countries. Journal of Asian Economics, 13, 827-845.
  • Bhargava, A., Franzini, L. & Narendranathan, W. (1982). Serial Correlation and The Fixed Effects Model. The Review of Economic Studies, 49 (4), 533-549.
  • Breusch, T. S. & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The lagrange multiplier test and its applications to model specification tests in econometrics. Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-53.
  • Budha, B. B. (2012). A Multivariate Analysis of Savings, Investment and Growth in Nepal. MPRA Paper Series, No. 43346.
  • Campell, J. (1987). Does Savings Anticipate Declining Labour Income? An Alternative Test of the Pemanent Income Hypotesis. Econometrica, 55, 1251- 1270.
  • Carroll, C. D. & Weil, D. N. (1994). Saving and Growth: A Reinterpretation. Carnegic-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 40, 133-192.
  • Çağlayan, E. (2006). Enflasyon, Faiz Oranı ve Büyümenin Yurtiçi Tasarruflar Üzerindeki Etkileri. Marmara Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 21(1).
  • Çiftçioğlu, S. & Begoviç, N. (2010). Are Domestic Savings and Economic Growth Correlated? Evidence from a Sample of Central and East European Countries. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 8(3).
  • Domar, E. D. (1946). Capital Expansion, Rate of Growth, and Employment. Econometrica, 14(2), 137-147.
  • Düzgün, R. (2009). Türkiye’de Özel Tasarrufun Belirleyicileri. Erciyes Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 32, 173-189.
  • Feldstein, M. & Horoika, C. (1980). Domestic Saving and International Capital Flows. The Economic Journal, 90, 314-329.
  • Gavin, M., Hausmann, R. & Talvi, E. (1997). Saving Behaviour in Latin America: Overview and Policy Issues. Washington DC: Inter American Development Bank, Working Paper, No. 346.
  • Gülmez, A. & Yardımcıoğlu, F. (2013). BRICS Ülkeleri ile Türkiye’nin Ekonomik Büyümesinde Ulusal ve Yabancı Tasarrufların Etkisi: Panel Veri Analizi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 14(1).
  • Günsoy, G. & Tekeli, S. (2015). Nüfusun Yaşlanması ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Analiz. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 48(1).
  • Harrod, R. F. (1939). An Essay in Dynamic Theory. The Economic Journal, 49(193), 14-33.
  • Irandoust, M. & Ericsson, J. (2005). Foreign Aid, Domestic Savings, and Growth in LDCs: An Application of Likelihood-based Panel Cointegration. Economic Modelling, 22, 616-662.
  • Jagadesh, D. (2015). The Impact of Savings in Economic Growth: An Empirical Study Based on Bostwana. International Journal of Research in Business Studies Management, 2(9), pp. 10-21.
  • Katırcıpğlu, S. T. & Naraliyeva, A. (2006). Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Savings and Economic Growth in Kazakistan: Evidence from Co-integration and Causality Tests. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 3(2), 34-45.
  • Kaya, V. & Efe, G. (2015). Yurt İçi Tasarruflar ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Dünyanın En Büyük İlk Yirmi Ekonomisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi bve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2).
  • Konya, L. (2005). Saving and Growth: Granger Causality Analysis with Bootstrapping on Panals of Countries. Journal of Economic Research, 10, 231-260.
  • Kortela, T. Partanen, S. & Viren, M. (2007). Saving, Growth and Fertility: Some Cross-Country Evidence. Turun Ylıopısto University of Turku, Research Report no:120, Finlandiya.
  • Krieckhaus, J. (2002). Reconceptualizing the Developmental State: Public Savings and Economic Growth. World Development, 30(10), 1697-1712.
  • Lean, H. & Song, Y. (2009). The Domestic Savings and Economic Growth Relationship in China”, Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 2(1), 5-17.
  • Lewis, W. A. (1954). Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labour. Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 22(2), 139-191.
  • Loayza, N., Schmidt-Hebbel, K. & Servén, L. (2000). What Drives Private Saving Across the World?. Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(2), 165-181.
  • Maddala, G. S. & Wu, S. (1999). A comparative study of unit root tests with panel data and a new simle test. Oxford Bulletion of Economics and Statictics, 61, 631-652.
  • Mason, R. (1988). Saving, Economic Growth, and Demographic Change. Population and Development Review, 14(1), 113-144.
  • Mavrotas, G. & Kelly, R. (2001). Old Wine in New Bottles: Testing Causality between Savings and Growth. The Manchester School Supplement, 69, 97-105.
  • Modigliani , F. (1970). The Life Cycle Hypothesis of Saving and İnter-Country Differences in the Saving Ratio. in. Induction, Growth and Trade: Essays in Honor of Roy
  • Harrod, ed. By W. A. Eltis. Clarendon Pres, London.
  • Mohan, R. (2006). Causal Relationship between Savings and Economic Growth in Countries with different Income Levels. Economic Bulletin, 5(3), 1-12.
  • Morande, F. (1998). Savings in Chile What Went Right?. Journal of Development Economics, 57(1), 201-228.
  • Moulton, B. R. & Randolph, W.C. (1989). Alternative tests of the error components model. Econometrica, 57, 685-693.
  • Mphuka, C. (2010). Are Savings Working for Zambia’s Growth?. Zambia Social Science Journal, 1(2), 175-188.
  • Narayan, P. K. & Narayan, S. (2006). Savings Behaviour in Fiji: an Empirical Assessment using the ARDL Approach to Cointegration. International Journal of Social Economics, 33(7), 468-480.
  • Nargeleçekenler, M. (2011). Hisse Senedi Fiyatları ve Fiyat/Kazanç Oranı İlişkisi: Panel Verilerle Sektörel Bir Analiz. Business and Economics Research Journal, 2(2): 165-184.
  • Odhiambo, N. M. (2008). Financial Depth, Savings and Economic Growth in Kenya: A Dynamic Causal Linkage. Economic Modelling, 25, 704-713.
  • Oladipo, O. S. (2010). Does Saving Really Matter for Growth in Developning Countries? The Case of a Small Open Economy. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 9(4), 87-94.
  • Özcan, K. M., Günay, A. & Ertaç, S. (2003). Determinants of Private Savings Behaviour in Turkey. Applied Economics, 35, 1405-1416.
  • Özlale, Ü. & Karakurt, A. (2012). Türkiye’de Tasarruf Açığının Nedenleri ve Kapatılması İçin Politika Önerileri. Bankacılar Dergisi, 23(83), 1-33.
  • Romer, P. (1986). Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth. Journal of Political Economy, 94(5), 1002-1037.
  • Romm, T. (2003). The Relationship between Savings and Growth in South Africa: An Empirical Study, TIPS/DPRU Forum 2003: The Challenge of Growth and Poverty: The South African Economy Since Democracy, http://www.tips.org.za/node/332, (Erişim Tarihi: 04.07.2010).
  • Saltz, I. S. (1999). An Examination of the Causal Relationship between Savings and Growth in the Third World. Journal of Economics and Finance, 23(1), 90-98.
  • Sinha, D. (1996). Saving and Economic Growth in India. Economia Internazionale, 49(4), 637-647.
  • Sinha, D. & Sinha, T. (1998). Cart Before Horse? The Saving-Growth Nexus in Mexico. Economics Letter, 61, 43-47.
  • Sinha, D. & Sinha, T. (1999). Saving and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka. Indian Journal of Applied Economics, 8(3), 163-174.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, 65-94.
  • Sothan, S. (2014). Causal Relationship between Domestic Saving and Economic Growth: Evidence from Cambodia, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(9), pp. 213-220.
  • Summers, L. H. (1985). Issues in National Savings Policy. NBER Working Paper, No. 1710.
  • Şak, N. (2015). Panel Birim Kök Testleri, S. Güriş (eds.), Stata ile panel veri modelleri, (ss. 39-80). İstanbul: Der Kitabevi.
  • Tang, C. F. & Chua, S. (2012). The Saving-Growth Nexus for the Malaysian Economy: a view Through Rolling Sub-Samples. Applied Economics, 44(32), 4173-4185.
  • Ün, T. (2015). Stata ile panel veri analizi. S. Güriş (eds.), Stata ile panel veri modelleri, (ss. 39-80). İstanbul: Der Kitabevi.
  • Vujanovic, P. D. (1999). Habits and the Saving-Growth Relationship Why US Personal Savings Rates are at Historic Lows?, http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/wpawuwpma/9905002.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 08.12.2018).
  • Waithima, A. K. (2008). The Egg or the Chick first; saving or GDP Growth: Case for Kenya. KCA Journal of Business Management, 1(1), 1-10.
  • World Bank (1993), The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy, Policy Research Report, http://www-wds.worldbank.org, (Erişim Tarihi: 08.11.2018).
  • Yentürk, N., Çimenoğlu, B. & Ülengin, A. (2009). An Analysis of the Interaction among Savings, Investments, and Growth in Turkey. Applied Economics, 41(6), 739-751.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2016), Panel Veri Ekonometrisi (Stata Uygulamalı), İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm İktisadi ve idari Bilimler Sayısı
Yazarlar

Serap Barış 0000-0003-3905-4746

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Barış, S. (2020). Are Savings the Determinant of Economic Growth in the D8 Countries?. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 403-414. https://doi.org/10.18026/cbayarsos.753927