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Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 39 - 52, 31.10.2022

Murat Tekbas

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Acaravci, Ali and Ilhan Ozturk (2010). “On the relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in Europe”. Energy, 35(12): 5412-5420.
  • Adebayo, Tomiwa S. and Dervis Kirikkaleli (2021). “Impact of renewable energy consumption, globalization, and technological innovation on environmental degradation in Japan: application of wavelet tools”. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(11): 16057-16082.
  • Al-Mulali, Usama and Ilhan Ozturk (2015). “The effect of energy consumption, urbanization, trade openness, industrial output, and the political stability on the environmental degradation in the MENA (Middle East and North African) region”. Energy, Vol. 84: 382-389.
  • Apergis, Nicholas and James E. Payne (2009). “CO2 emissions, energy usage, and output in Central America”. Energy Policy, 37(8): 3282-3286.
  • Apergis, Nicholas, Muhlis Can, Giray Gozgor and Chi Keung Marco Lau (2018). “Effects of export concentration on CO2 emissions in developed countries: An empirical analysis”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(14): 14106-14116.
  • Baltagi, Badi H. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Baltagi, Badi H. (2011). Econometrics. Fifth Edition. New York: Springer.
  • Bashir, Muhammad A., Bin Sheng, Buhari Dogan, Suleman Sarwar and Umer Shahzad (2020). “Export product diversification and energy efficiency: Empirical evidence from OECD countries”. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, No. 55: 232-243. Doi: 10.1016/j.strueco.2020.09.002.
  • Baye, Richmond S., Albert Ahenkan and Samuel Darkwah (2021). “Renewable energy output in sub-Saharan Africa”. Renewable Energy, Vol. 174: 705-714. Doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.144.
  • Bekun, Festus V., Andrew A. Alola and Samuel A. Sarkodie (2019). “Toward a sustainable environment: Nexus between CO2 emissions, resource rent, renewable and nonrenewable energy in 16-EU countries”. Science of the Total Environment, No. 657: 1023-1029. Doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.104.
  • Bese, Emrah and Salih Kalayci (2021). “Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC): empirical relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions: evidence from 3 developed countries”. Panoeconomicus, 68(4): 483-506. Doi: 10.2298/PAN180503004B.
  • Bilgili, Faik, Ilhan Ozturk, Emrah Kocak, Umit Bulut, Yalcin Pamuk, Erhan Mugaloglu and Hayriye H. Baglitas (2016). “The influence of biomass energy consumption on CO2 emissions: a wavelet coherence approach”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(19): 19043-19061. Doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7094-2.
  • Bostan, Aziz, Serap U. Kelleci and Alper Yilmaz (2016). “Relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth: The case of Eurasian economies”. Manas Journal of Social Studies, 5(5): 23-36.
  • Celik, Mehmet Y., and Zuleyha Unsur (2020). “Determining the relationship between globalization and growth by Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test”. Izmir Journal of Economics, 35(1): 201-210. Doi: 10.24988/ije.202035115.
  • Dauda, Lamini, Xingle Long, Claudia N. Mensah, Muhammad Salman, Kofi B. Boamah, Ampon-Wireko, S., and Dogbe, C. S. K. (2021). “Innovation, trade openness and CO2 emissions in selected countries in Africa”. Journal of Cleaner Production, No. 281: 125-143. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125143.
  • Destek, Mehmet A. and Avik Sinha (2020). “Renewable, non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, trade openness and ecological footprint: Evidence from organisation for economic Co-operation and development countries”. Journal of Cleaner Production, No. 242: 1-11. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118537.
  • Dogan, Buhari, Mara Madaleno, Aviral K. Tiwari and Shawkat Hammoudeh (2020). “Impacts of export quality on environmental degradation: Does income matter?”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(12): 13735-13772. Doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07371-5.
  • Dumitrescu, Elena-Ivona and Christophe Hurlin (2012). “Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels”. Economic Modelling, 29(4): 1450-1460. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.02.014.
  • Gozgor, Giray and Muhlic Can (2016). “Export product diversification and the environmental Kuznets curve: Evidence from Türkiye”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(21): 21594-21603. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7403-9.
  • Gulmez, Ahmet and Fatih Yardimcioglu (2012). “The relationship between R&D expenditures and economic growth in OECD countries: Panel cointegration and panel causality analysis (1990-2010)”. Maliye Dergisi, No. 163: 335–353.
  • Hsiao, Cheng (2003). Analysis of Panel Data. Second Edition, Cambridge University Press.
  • Kao, Chihwa (1999). “Spurious regression and residual–based tests for cointegration in panel data”. Journal of Econometrics, 90(1): 1-44. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00023-2.
  • Kartal, Mustafa (2022). “Health Expenditures and Economic Growth in BRICS-T Countries: Panel Data Analysis”. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 21(1): 59-73. Doi: 10.21547/jss.945360.
  • Kilinc, Efe. C., Nihat Isik and Serhat Yilmaz (2020). “The effect of private sector loans on innovation: An application for European Union Countries and Türkiye”. Bartin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 11(22): 467-486. Doi: 10.47129/bartiniibf.741287.
  • Kyung S. Im, Hashem M. Pesaran and Yongcheol Shin (2003). “Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels”. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1): 53-74. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(03)00092-7.
  • Levin, Andrew, Chien-Fu Lin and Chia-Shang James Chu (2002). “Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties”. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1): 1-24. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(01)00098-7.
  • Li, Menghan, Ahmad Munir, Fareed Zeeshan, Hassan Taimoor and Dervis Kirikkaleli (2021). “Role of trade openness, export diversification, and renewable electricity output in realizing carbon neutrality dream of China”. Journal of Environmental Management, No. 297: 1-11.
  • Mahmood, Haider, Naiul Maalel and Olfa Zarrad (2019). “Trade openness and CO2 emissions: Evidence from Tunisia”. Sustainability, 11(12): 32-95. Doi: 10.3390/su11123295.
  • Mahmoodi, Majid (2017). “The relationship between economic growth, renewable energy, and CO2 emissions: Evidence from panel data approach”. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 7(6): 96-102.
  • Muhlis Can, Munir Ahmad and Zeeshan Khan (2021). “The impact of export composition on environment and energy demand: Evidence from newly industrialized countries”. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. No. 28: 33599–33612. Doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13084-5.
  • Ogul, Bahar (2022). “Exchange rate the pass through effect in BRICS-T countries: Panel cointegration test”. Antalya Bilim University International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1): 83-92.
  • Okumus, Ilyas and Cuma Bozkurt (2020). “The effects of economic growth on environment for different income group countries”. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(1): 238-255. Doi: 10.21547/jss.593962.
  • Pedroni, Peter (1999). “Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous 61(S1): 653-670. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.0610s1653.
  • Pedroni, Peter (2000). “Fully modified OLS for heterogeneous cointegrated panels. In B. H. Baltagi, T. B. Fomby, and R. Carter Hill (Eds.), Nonstationary panels, panel cointegration, and dynamic panels. (Advances in Econometrics, 15, pp. 93-130). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-9053(00)15004-2.
  • Pedroni, Peter (2001), “Purchasing power parity tests in cointegrated panels”. Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 83: 727-931. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/003465301753237803.
  • Phillips, Peter C. B. and Bruce E. Hansen (1990). “Statistical inference in instrumental variables regression with I(1) processes”. Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 57: 99–125.
  • Shahzad, Umer, Zeeshan Fareed, Farrukh Shahzad and Khurram Shahzad (2021). “Investigating the nexus between economic complexity, energy consumption and ecological footprint for the United States: New insights from quantile methods”. Journal of Cleaner Production, No. 279. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123806.
  • Shahzad, Umer, Diogo Ferraz, Buhari Dogan, Daisy A. do Nascimento Rebelatto (2020). “Export product diversification and CO2 emissions: Contextual evidences from developing and developed economies”. Journal of Cleaner Production, No. 276: 124-146. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124146.
  • Songur, Mehmet and Demet Yaman (2013). The effect of foreign direct investments and foreign trade on gross domestic product in Eurasian countries: Panel cointegration analysis. International Conference on Eurasian Economies, pp. 532-540. Doi: 10.36880/C04.00740.
  • Tari, Recep (2010). Ekonometri. Kocaeli: Umuttepe Yayınları.
  • Yildirim, Fatma (2019). Investigation of Stationarity of Energy Consumption by Panel Unit Root Tests. Master Thesis, Sakarya University Institute of Social Sciences.

EMPIRICAL FINDINGS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION AND CO2 EMISSIONS IN TRANSFORMATION ECONOMIES

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 39 - 52, 31.10.2022

Murat Tekbas

Öz

relationship, the relationship between renewable energy consumption, export diversification, economic growth and CO2 emission in the countries considered as transformation economies was investigated in the period between 1997 and 2014 in the current study. In the study, IPS, LLC unit root tests, Pedroni and Kao cointegration tests, and FMOLS and DOLS coefficient estimation methods, which are frequently used in the literature, were used. As a result of the analyses, it was concluded that renewable energy consumption, economic growth and export diversification have negative effects on CO2 emissions, while trade
openness has a positive effect. In the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test results, a bidirectional causality relationship was found between renewable energy production and trade openness and CO2 emissions. Within the scope of these results, it is considered important to implement incentive policies for export diversification and renewable energy production in countries of transformation economy. Given the positive effect of trade openness on CO2 emissions, it is considered necessary to reduce the share of sectors polluting the environment in trade and to increase the share of sectors that do not have a negative impact on the environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

CO2 emissions Renewable energy production Export diversification Trade openness Economic growth

Kaynakça

  • Acaravci, Ali and Ilhan Ozturk (2010). “On the relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in Europe”. Energy, 35(12): 5412-5420.
  • Adebayo, Tomiwa S. and Dervis Kirikkaleli (2021). “Impact of renewable energy consumption, globalization, and technological innovation on environmental degradation in Japan: application of wavelet tools”. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(11): 16057-16082.
  • Al-Mulali, Usama and Ilhan Ozturk (2015). “The effect of energy consumption, urbanization, trade openness, industrial output, and the political stability on the environmental degradation in the MENA (Middle East and North African) region”. Energy, Vol. 84: 382-389.
  • Apergis, Nicholas and James E. Payne (2009). “CO2 emissions, energy usage, and output in Central America”. Energy Policy, 37(8): 3282-3286.
  • Apergis, Nicholas, Muhlis Can, Giray Gozgor and Chi Keung Marco Lau (2018). “Effects of export concentration on CO2 emissions in developed countries: An empirical analysis”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(14): 14106-14116.
  • Baltagi, Badi H. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Baltagi, Badi H. (2011). Econometrics. Fifth Edition. New York: Springer.
  • Bashir, Muhammad A., Bin Sheng, Buhari Dogan, Suleman Sarwar and Umer Shahzad (2020). “Export product diversification and energy efficiency: Empirical evidence from OECD countries”. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, No. 55: 232-243. Doi: 10.1016/j.strueco.2020.09.002.
  • Baye, Richmond S., Albert Ahenkan and Samuel Darkwah (2021). “Renewable energy output in sub-Saharan Africa”. Renewable Energy, Vol. 174: 705-714. Doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.144.
  • Bekun, Festus V., Andrew A. Alola and Samuel A. Sarkodie (2019). “Toward a sustainable environment: Nexus between CO2 emissions, resource rent, renewable and nonrenewable energy in 16-EU countries”. Science of the Total Environment, No. 657: 1023-1029. Doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.104.
  • Bese, Emrah and Salih Kalayci (2021). “Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC): empirical relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions: evidence from 3 developed countries”. Panoeconomicus, 68(4): 483-506. Doi: 10.2298/PAN180503004B.
  • Bilgili, Faik, Ilhan Ozturk, Emrah Kocak, Umit Bulut, Yalcin Pamuk, Erhan Mugaloglu and Hayriye H. Baglitas (2016). “The influence of biomass energy consumption on CO2 emissions: a wavelet coherence approach”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(19): 19043-19061. Doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7094-2.
  • Bostan, Aziz, Serap U. Kelleci and Alper Yilmaz (2016). “Relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth: The case of Eurasian economies”. Manas Journal of Social Studies, 5(5): 23-36.
  • Celik, Mehmet Y., and Zuleyha Unsur (2020). “Determining the relationship between globalization and growth by Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality test”. Izmir Journal of Economics, 35(1): 201-210. Doi: 10.24988/ije.202035115.
  • Dauda, Lamini, Xingle Long, Claudia N. Mensah, Muhammad Salman, Kofi B. Boamah, Ampon-Wireko, S., and Dogbe, C. S. K. (2021). “Innovation, trade openness and CO2 emissions in selected countries in Africa”. Journal of Cleaner Production, No. 281: 125-143. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125143.
  • Destek, Mehmet A. and Avik Sinha (2020). “Renewable, non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, trade openness and ecological footprint: Evidence from organisation for economic Co-operation and development countries”. Journal of Cleaner Production, No. 242: 1-11. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118537.
  • Dogan, Buhari, Mara Madaleno, Aviral K. Tiwari and Shawkat Hammoudeh (2020). “Impacts of export quality on environmental degradation: Does income matter?”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(12): 13735-13772. Doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07371-5.
  • Dumitrescu, Elena-Ivona and Christophe Hurlin (2012). “Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels”. Economic Modelling, 29(4): 1450-1460. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.02.014.
  • Gozgor, Giray and Muhlic Can (2016). “Export product diversification and the environmental Kuznets curve: Evidence from Türkiye”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(21): 21594-21603. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7403-9.
  • Gulmez, Ahmet and Fatih Yardimcioglu (2012). “The relationship between R&D expenditures and economic growth in OECD countries: Panel cointegration and panel causality analysis (1990-2010)”. Maliye Dergisi, No. 163: 335–353.
  • Hsiao, Cheng (2003). Analysis of Panel Data. Second Edition, Cambridge University Press.
  • Kao, Chihwa (1999). “Spurious regression and residual–based tests for cointegration in panel data”. Journal of Econometrics, 90(1): 1-44. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00023-2.
  • Kartal, Mustafa (2022). “Health Expenditures and Economic Growth in BRICS-T Countries: Panel Data Analysis”. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 21(1): 59-73. Doi: 10.21547/jss.945360.
  • Kilinc, Efe. C., Nihat Isik and Serhat Yilmaz (2020). “The effect of private sector loans on innovation: An application for European Union Countries and Türkiye”. Bartin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 11(22): 467-486. Doi: 10.47129/bartiniibf.741287.
  • Kyung S. Im, Hashem M. Pesaran and Yongcheol Shin (2003). “Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels”. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1): 53-74. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(03)00092-7.
  • Levin, Andrew, Chien-Fu Lin and Chia-Shang James Chu (2002). “Unit root tests in panel data: Asymptotic and finite-sample properties”. Journal of Econometrics, 108(1): 1-24. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4076(01)00098-7.
  • Li, Menghan, Ahmad Munir, Fareed Zeeshan, Hassan Taimoor and Dervis Kirikkaleli (2021). “Role of trade openness, export diversification, and renewable electricity output in realizing carbon neutrality dream of China”. Journal of Environmental Management, No. 297: 1-11.
  • Mahmood, Haider, Naiul Maalel and Olfa Zarrad (2019). “Trade openness and CO2 emissions: Evidence from Tunisia”. Sustainability, 11(12): 32-95. Doi: 10.3390/su11123295.
  • Mahmoodi, Majid (2017). “The relationship between economic growth, renewable energy, and CO2 emissions: Evidence from panel data approach”. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 7(6): 96-102.
  • Muhlis Can, Munir Ahmad and Zeeshan Khan (2021). “The impact of export composition on environment and energy demand: Evidence from newly industrialized countries”. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. No. 28: 33599–33612. Doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13084-5.
  • Ogul, Bahar (2022). “Exchange rate the pass through effect in BRICS-T countries: Panel cointegration test”. Antalya Bilim University International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1): 83-92.
  • Okumus, Ilyas and Cuma Bozkurt (2020). “The effects of economic growth on environment for different income group countries”. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(1): 238-255. Doi: 10.21547/jss.593962.
  • Pedroni, Peter (1999). “Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous 61(S1): 653-670. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0084.0610s1653.
  • Pedroni, Peter (2000). “Fully modified OLS for heterogeneous cointegrated panels. In B. H. Baltagi, T. B. Fomby, and R. Carter Hill (Eds.), Nonstationary panels, panel cointegration, and dynamic panels. (Advances in Econometrics, 15, pp. 93-130). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-9053(00)15004-2.
  • Pedroni, Peter (2001), “Purchasing power parity tests in cointegrated panels”. Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 83: 727-931. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/003465301753237803.
  • Phillips, Peter C. B. and Bruce E. Hansen (1990). “Statistical inference in instrumental variables regression with I(1) processes”. Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 57: 99–125.
  • Shahzad, Umer, Zeeshan Fareed, Farrukh Shahzad and Khurram Shahzad (2021). “Investigating the nexus between economic complexity, energy consumption and ecological footprint for the United States: New insights from quantile methods”. Journal of Cleaner Production, No. 279. Doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123806.
  • Shahzad, Umer, Diogo Ferraz, Buhari Dogan, Daisy A. do Nascimento Rebelatto (2020). “Export product diversification and CO2 emissions: Contextual evidences from developing and developed economies”. Journal of Cleaner Production, No. 276: 124-146. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124146.
  • Songur, Mehmet and Demet Yaman (2013). The effect of foreign direct investments and foreign trade on gross domestic product in Eurasian countries: Panel cointegration analysis. International Conference on Eurasian Economies, pp. 532-540. Doi: 10.36880/C04.00740.
  • Tari, Recep (2010). Ekonometri. Kocaeli: Umuttepe Yayınları.
  • Yildirim, Fatma (2019). Investigation of Stationarity of Energy Consumption by Panel Unit Root Tests. Master Thesis, Sakarya University Institute of Social Sciences.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Murat Tekbas 0000-0003-2589-2482

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Tekbas, M. (2022). EMPIRICAL FINDINGS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION AND CO2 EMISSIONS IN TRANSFORMATION ECONOMIES. Eurasian Research Journal, 4(4), 39-52.
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