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ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE EMPATİ İLE OLUMSUZ DEĞERLENDİRİLME KORKUSU İLİŞKİSİ: MİZAH TARZLARININ ARACI ETKİSİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 845 - 854, 26.05.2023

Esma Ülkü Kaya Gamze Ayça Kaya

https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1167526

Öz

Mevcut çalışma, empati ile olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu ilişkisinde mizah tarzlarının aracılığını incelemektedir. İlave olarak çalışma bu üç değişken arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Sağlık bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinden oluşan katılımcılar (n = 164), Toronto empati anketi, mizah tarzları anketi ve olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu ölçeği kısa versiyonunu tamamladılar. Korelasyon sonuçlarında, katılımcı mizah empatiyle pozitif ve kendini yıkıcı mizah ise olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusuyla pozitif ilişkilidir. Kendini geliştirici mizah ise olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusuyla negatif ilişkilidir. Ayrıca empati ile olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu ilişki göstermemiştir. Aracılık analizinde empati ile olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu arasındaki ilişkide mizah tarzlarının aracı olmadığı bulunmuştur. Ancak empati ve aracı değişkenler modele dahil edildiğinde, birlikte bu değişkenler olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusuna katkı sağlamıştır. Mevcut çalışma empatinin olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusuyla direkt ilişki içerisinde olmadığını fakat empati ve mizah tarzlarının birlikte (katılımcı mizah hariç) olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusuyla anlamlı bir ilişkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu, empati ve kendini yıkıcı mizahın artması ve kendini geliştirici mizahın zayıflamasıyla artabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Empati mizah tarzları olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu sosyal kaygı

Kaynakça

  • Al-Johani, W.M., AlShamlan, N.A., AlAmer, N.A., Shawkhan, R.A., Almayyad, A.H., Alghamdi, L.M. … AlOmar, R.S. (2022). Social anxiety disorder and its associated factors: A cross-sectional study among medical students, Saudi Arabia. BMC Psychiatry, 22, 505. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04147-z
  • Antoniadou, N., Kokkinos, C.M., ve Markos, A. (2019). Psychopathic traits and social anxiety in cyber-space: A context-dependent theoretical framework explaining online disinhibition. Computers in Human Behavior, 99, 228-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.05.025
  • Auyeung, K. ve Alden, L.E. (2020). Accurate empathy, social rejection, and social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 8 (2), 266-279. doi: 10.1177/2167702619885410
  • Auyeung, K. W. ve Alden, L.E. (2016). Social anxiety and empathy for social pain. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40 (1), 38-45. doi: 10.1007/s10608-015-9718-0
  • Batanova, M.D. ve Loukas, A. (2011). Social anxiety and aggression in early adolescents: Examining the moderating roles of empathic concern and perspective taking. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 1534-1543. doi: 10.1007/s10964-011-9634-x
  • Bray, K.O., Anderson, V., Pantelis, C., Pozzi, E., Schwartz, O.S., Vijayakumar, N., Richmond, S., Deane, C., ve diğerleri (2021). Associations between cognitive and affective empathy and internalizing symptoms in late childhood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 290, 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.034
  • Bui, P., Kalpidou, M., DeVito, L., ve Greene, T. (2016). The effects of empathy on disparagement humor. PSI CHI, Journal of Psychological Research, 21 (2), 119-126
  • Burkovik, Y. (2020). Sosyal fobi-Görünen ve görünmeyen yönleri. 13. Baskı, İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları
  • Büyükyılmaz, O. (2018). İş hayatında mizah kullanımı: Mizahın çalışan tutum ve davranışları üzerindeki etkileri. Bursa: Ekin Basım Yayın Dağıtım
  • Cann, A., ve Collette, C. (2014). Sense of humor, stable affect, and psychological well-being. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 10 (3), 464-479. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v10i3.746
  • Çelik, A. (2010). Kriz ve stres yönetimi. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi Tic.Ltd.Şti.
  • Çetin, B., Doğan, T., ve Sapmaz, F. (2010). Olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu ölçeği kısa formu’nun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 35 (156), 205-216
  • Davis, M.H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.
  • Davis, M.H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44 (1), 113-126
  • De Waal, F. (2014). Empati çağı: Daha anlayışlı bir toplum için doğadan dersler. (K. Yılmaz, Çev.). Ankara: Akılçelen kitaplar (Orijinal eserin yayın tarihi 2009).
  • Durna, H. (2018). Sosyal fobi. Kim korkar sosyal fobiden! Sekiz adımda sosyal fobiden, sosyal korku ve kaygılarından kurtul. 1. Baskı, Ankara: Pegem Akademi
  • Dvash, J., ve Shamay-Tsoory, S.G. (2014). Theory of mind and empathy as multidimensional constructs: Neurological foundations. Topics in Language Disorders, 34 (4), 282-295. https://doi.org/10.1097/TLD.0000000000000040
  • Eype, E.S., ve Fenn, J. (2021). Humor styles, perceived social support and social anxiety in young adults. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 12 (3), 211-215
  • Halfpenny, C.C. ve James, L. A. (2020). Humor styles and empathy in junior-school children. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 16 (1), 148-166. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i1.1934
  • Hampes, W.P. (2010). The relation between humor styles and empathy. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 3, 34-45
  • Hayes, A.F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Hein, M. (2020). Empati. Ne hissettiğini anlıyorum (1. Baskı). (F. S. Kösebay, Çev). İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık A.Ş. (Orijinal eserin yayın tarihi 2018).
  • Iqbal, A. ve Ajmal, A. (2018). Fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety in young adults. Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 4 (1), 49-57
  • İlhan, T. (2021). Eğitimde pozitif bir güç olarak mizah. B. Ergüner Tekinalp ve Ş. Işık (Ed.), Eğitimde pozitif psikoloji uygulamaları (5. Baskı, 435-464. ss) içinde. Ankara: Pegem Akademi
  • Knight, L.K., Stoica, T., Fogleman, N.D., ve Depue, B.E. (2019). Convergent neural correlates of empathy and anxiety during socioemotional processing. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 13. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00094
  • Korkmaz, Y. (2017). Ergenlerde internet bağımlılığının depresyon & anksiyete üzerindeki etkisi. Birinci Basım, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı
  • Lamothe, M., Boujut, E., Zenasni, F., ve Sultan, S. (2014). To be or not to be empathic: The combined role of empathic concern and perspective taking in understanding burnout in general practice. BMC Family Practice, 15 (15). doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-15
  • Leary, M.R. (1983). A brief version of the fear of negative evaluation scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9 (3), 371-375
  • Lelorain, S., Sultan, S., Zenasni, F., Catu-Pinault, A., Jaury, P., Boujut, E., ve Rigal, L. (2013). Empathic concern and professional characteristics associated with clinical empathy in French general practitioners. European Journal of General Practice, 19, 23-28. doi: 10.3109/13814788.2012.709842
  • Levinson, C.A. ve Rodebaugh, T.L. (2012). Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity: The role of negative social evaluation fears. Eating Behaviors, 13, 27-35. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.11.006
  • Loudin, J.L., Loukas, A. ve Robinson, S. (2003). Relational aggression in college students: Examining the roles of social anxiety and empathy. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 430-439. doi: 10.1002/ab.10039
  • Martin, R.A., Puhlik-Doris, P., Larsen, G., Gray, J., ve Weir, K. (2003). Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the humor styles questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 48-75
  • Mathad, M.D., Pradhan, B., ve Rajesh, S.K. (2017). Correlates and predictors of resilience among baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 11 (2). doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/24442.9352
  • Menendez-Aller, A, Postigo, A., Montes-Alvarez, P., Gonzalez-Primo,F.J., ve Garcia-Cueto, E. (2020). Humor as a protective factor against anxiety and depression. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 20, 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijchp.2019.12.002
  • Menolascino, N. (2016). Empathy, perceived popularity and social anxiety: Predicting bystander intervention among middle school students. Masters Theses. Eastern Illinois University. Erişim adresi https://thekeep.eiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3505&context=theses
  • Navarro-Carrillo, G., Torres-Marin, J. ve Carretero-Dios, H. (2020a). Class-based differences in the use of (aggressive) humor: The mediating role of empathic concern. Personality and Individual Differences, 159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109868
  • Navarro-Carrillo, G., Torres-Marin, J., Corbacho-Lobato, J.M., ve Carretero-Dios, H. (2020b). The effect of humour on nursing professionals’ psychological well-being goes beyond the influence of empathy: A cross-sectional study. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 34, 474-483. doi: 10.1111/scs.12751
  • Oktuğ, Z. (2019). İş yerinde mizah. “Mizahın Örgüt Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi.” 1.Basım, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd.Şti.
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The Relationship Between Empathy and Fear of Negative Evaluation in University Students: The Mediating Effect of Humor Styles

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 845 - 854, 26.05.2023

Esma Ülkü Kaya Gamze Ayça Kaya

https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1167526

Öz

The present study examines the mediation of humor styles in the relationship between empathy and fear of negative evaluation. In addition, the study examines the relationships between these three variables. Participants (n = 164), consisting of students from the faculty of health sciences completed the Toronto empathy questionnaire, humor styles questionnaire and the brief version of the fear of negative evaluation scale. In correlation results, affiliative humor is positively related to empathy and self-defeating humor is positively related to fear of negative evaluation. Self-enhancing humor is negatively correlated with fear of negative evaluation. Moreover, there was no relationship between empathy and fear of negative evaluation. In the mediation analysis, it was found that humor styles did not mediate the relationship between empathy and fear of negative evaluation. However, when the empathy and mediator variables were included in the model, these variables together contributed to the fear of negative evaluation. The present study shows that empathy does not show a direct relationship with fear of negative evaluation, but empathy and humor styles together (except affiliative humor) have a significant relationship with fear of negative evaluation. Fear of negative evaluation may increase as empathy and self-defeating humor increase and self-enhancing humor weakens.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Empathy humor styles fear of negative evaluation social anxiety

Kaynakça

  • Al-Johani, W.M., AlShamlan, N.A., AlAmer, N.A., Shawkhan, R.A., Almayyad, A.H., Alghamdi, L.M. … AlOmar, R.S. (2022). Social anxiety disorder and its associated factors: A cross-sectional study among medical students, Saudi Arabia. BMC Psychiatry, 22, 505. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04147-z
  • Antoniadou, N., Kokkinos, C.M., ve Markos, A. (2019). Psychopathic traits and social anxiety in cyber-space: A context-dependent theoretical framework explaining online disinhibition. Computers in Human Behavior, 99, 228-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.05.025
  • Auyeung, K. ve Alden, L.E. (2020). Accurate empathy, social rejection, and social anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychological Science, 8 (2), 266-279. doi: 10.1177/2167702619885410
  • Auyeung, K. W. ve Alden, L.E. (2016). Social anxiety and empathy for social pain. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40 (1), 38-45. doi: 10.1007/s10608-015-9718-0
  • Batanova, M.D. ve Loukas, A. (2011). Social anxiety and aggression in early adolescents: Examining the moderating roles of empathic concern and perspective taking. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 1534-1543. doi: 10.1007/s10964-011-9634-x
  • Bray, K.O., Anderson, V., Pantelis, C., Pozzi, E., Schwartz, O.S., Vijayakumar, N., Richmond, S., Deane, C., ve diğerleri (2021). Associations between cognitive and affective empathy and internalizing symptoms in late childhood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 290, 245-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.034
  • Bui, P., Kalpidou, M., DeVito, L., ve Greene, T. (2016). The effects of empathy on disparagement humor. PSI CHI, Journal of Psychological Research, 21 (2), 119-126
  • Burkovik, Y. (2020). Sosyal fobi-Görünen ve görünmeyen yönleri. 13. Baskı, İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları
  • Büyükyılmaz, O. (2018). İş hayatında mizah kullanımı: Mizahın çalışan tutum ve davranışları üzerindeki etkileri. Bursa: Ekin Basım Yayın Dağıtım
  • Cann, A., ve Collette, C. (2014). Sense of humor, stable affect, and psychological well-being. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 10 (3), 464-479. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v10i3.746
  • Çelik, A. (2010). Kriz ve stres yönetimi. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi Tic.Ltd.Şti.
  • Çetin, B., Doğan, T., ve Sapmaz, F. (2010). Olumsuz değerlendirilme korkusu ölçeği kısa formu’nun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 35 (156), 205-216
  • Davis, M.H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.
  • Davis, M.H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44 (1), 113-126
  • De Waal, F. (2014). Empati çağı: Daha anlayışlı bir toplum için doğadan dersler. (K. Yılmaz, Çev.). Ankara: Akılçelen kitaplar (Orijinal eserin yayın tarihi 2009).
  • Durna, H. (2018). Sosyal fobi. Kim korkar sosyal fobiden! Sekiz adımda sosyal fobiden, sosyal korku ve kaygılarından kurtul. 1. Baskı, Ankara: Pegem Akademi
  • Dvash, J., ve Shamay-Tsoory, S.G. (2014). Theory of mind and empathy as multidimensional constructs: Neurological foundations. Topics in Language Disorders, 34 (4), 282-295. https://doi.org/10.1097/TLD.0000000000000040
  • Eype, E.S., ve Fenn, J. (2021). Humor styles, perceived social support and social anxiety in young adults. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 12 (3), 211-215
  • Halfpenny, C.C. ve James, L. A. (2020). Humor styles and empathy in junior-school children. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 16 (1), 148-166. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i1.1934
  • Hampes, W.P. (2010). The relation between humor styles and empathy. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 3, 34-45
  • Hayes, A.F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Hein, M. (2020). Empati. Ne hissettiğini anlıyorum (1. Baskı). (F. S. Kösebay, Çev). İstanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık A.Ş. (Orijinal eserin yayın tarihi 2018).
  • Iqbal, A. ve Ajmal, A. (2018). Fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety in young adults. Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 4 (1), 49-57
  • İlhan, T. (2021). Eğitimde pozitif bir güç olarak mizah. B. Ergüner Tekinalp ve Ş. Işık (Ed.), Eğitimde pozitif psikoloji uygulamaları (5. Baskı, 435-464. ss) içinde. Ankara: Pegem Akademi
  • Knight, L.K., Stoica, T., Fogleman, N.D., ve Depue, B.E. (2019). Convergent neural correlates of empathy and anxiety during socioemotional processing. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 13. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00094
  • Korkmaz, Y. (2017). Ergenlerde internet bağımlılığının depresyon & anksiyete üzerindeki etkisi. Birinci Basım, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı
  • Lamothe, M., Boujut, E., Zenasni, F., ve Sultan, S. (2014). To be or not to be empathic: The combined role of empathic concern and perspective taking in understanding burnout in general practice. BMC Family Practice, 15 (15). doi: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-15
  • Leary, M.R. (1983). A brief version of the fear of negative evaluation scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9 (3), 371-375
  • Lelorain, S., Sultan, S., Zenasni, F., Catu-Pinault, A., Jaury, P., Boujut, E., ve Rigal, L. (2013). Empathic concern and professional characteristics associated with clinical empathy in French general practitioners. European Journal of General Practice, 19, 23-28. doi: 10.3109/13814788.2012.709842
  • Levinson, C.A. ve Rodebaugh, T.L. (2012). Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity: The role of negative social evaluation fears. Eating Behaviors, 13, 27-35. doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.11.006
  • Loudin, J.L., Loukas, A. ve Robinson, S. (2003). Relational aggression in college students: Examining the roles of social anxiety and empathy. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 430-439. doi: 10.1002/ab.10039
  • Martin, R.A., Puhlik-Doris, P., Larsen, G., Gray, J., ve Weir, K. (2003). Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the humor styles questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 48-75
  • Mathad, M.D., Pradhan, B., ve Rajesh, S.K. (2017). Correlates and predictors of resilience among baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 11 (2). doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/24442.9352
  • Menendez-Aller, A, Postigo, A., Montes-Alvarez, P., Gonzalez-Primo,F.J., ve Garcia-Cueto, E. (2020). Humor as a protective factor against anxiety and depression. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 20, 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijchp.2019.12.002
  • Menolascino, N. (2016). Empathy, perceived popularity and social anxiety: Predicting bystander intervention among middle school students. Masters Theses. Eastern Illinois University. Erişim adresi https://thekeep.eiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3505&context=theses
  • Navarro-Carrillo, G., Torres-Marin, J. ve Carretero-Dios, H. (2020a). Class-based differences in the use of (aggressive) humor: The mediating role of empathic concern. Personality and Individual Differences, 159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109868
  • Navarro-Carrillo, G., Torres-Marin, J., Corbacho-Lobato, J.M., ve Carretero-Dios, H. (2020b). The effect of humour on nursing professionals’ psychological well-being goes beyond the influence of empathy: A cross-sectional study. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 34, 474-483. doi: 10.1111/scs.12751
  • Oktuğ, Z. (2019). İş yerinde mizah. “Mizahın Örgüt Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi.” 1.Basım, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd.Şti.
  • Özen, Y. ve Gül, A. (2007). Sosyal ve eğitim bilimleri araştırmalarında evren-örneklem sorunu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15, 394-422.
  • Özgüleş, B. (2020). Sağlık yönetimi ve mizah. 1.Basım, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd.Şti.
  • Pechorro, P., Ayala-Nunes, L., Nunes, C., Maroco, J., ve Gonçalves, R.A. (2016). The social anxiety scale for adolescents: Measurement invariance and psychometric properties among a School sample of Portuguese Youths. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47, 975-984. doi: 10.1007/s10578-016-0627-6
  • Pittelkow, M.M., Aan Het Rot, M., Seidel, L. J., Feyel, N., ve Roest, A.M. (2021). Social anxiety and empathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102357
  • Robichaud, M., ve Dugas, M. J. (2020). Yaygın kaygı bozukluğu çalışma kitabı: Belirsizlik, endişe ve korku ile baş etmek için kapsamlı bir BDT kılavuzu (3.Basım). (A. İtil, E. Bayraktar, ve Z. Özmeydan, Çev.). İstanbul: Psikonet Yayıncılık ve Eğitim A.Ş. (Orijinal eserin yayın tarihi 2015)
  • Samson, A. C. (2008). Cognitive and neural humor processing: The influence of structural stimulus properties and Theory of Mind. Dissertation Thesis. University of Fribourg. Erişim adresi https://doc.rero.ch/record/11607/files/SamsonAC.pdf
  • Shamay-Tsoory, S., Harari, H., Szepsenwol, O., ve Levkovitz, Y. (2009). Neuropyschological evidence of impaired cognitive empathy in euthymic bipolar disorder. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 21, 59-67.
  • Sönmez, D. (2020). Examining the relationship between cognitive empathy, affective empathy and social anxiety in autism spectrum disorder. Master Thesis, Ibn Haldun University. Erişim adresi https://openaccess.ihu.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12154/1277/sönmez.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y
  • Spreng, R.N., McKinnon, M.C., Mar, R.A., ve Levine, B. (2009). The Toronto empathy questionnaire: Scale development and initial validation of a factor-analytic solution to multiple empathy measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91 (1), 62-71. doi:10.1080/00223890802484381
  • Şahin, A. (2018). Yönetsel ve eğitsel araç olarak eğitim kurumlarında mizah. 1.Baskı, Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık
  • Şahin, M. ve Akbaba, S. (2017). Okulda ve sanal ortamda zorbalık ve empati. 1. Basım, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti.
  • Tarlow, N., ve La Greca A.M. (2021). The role of empathy and social anxiety in Latinx adolescents’ indirect peer aggression during the transition to high school. Aggressive Behavior, 47, 17-27. doi: 10.1002/ab.21926
  • Tibi-Elhanany, Y., ve Shamay-Tsoory, S.G. (2011). Social cognition in social anxiety: First evidence for increased empathic abilities. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 48 (2), 98-106.
  • Totan, T., Doğan, T., ve Sapmaz, F. (2012). The Toronto empathy questionnaire: Evaluation of psychometric properties among Turkish university students. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 46, 179-198
  • Tucker, R. P., Judah, M.R., O’Keefe, V.M., Mills, A.C., Lechner, W.V., Davidson, C.L., Grant, D.M., ve Wingate, L.R. (2013). Humor styles impact the relationship between symtoms of social anxiety and depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 823-827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.008
  • Watson, D. ve Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33 (4), 448-457
  • Wright, M.F. , Wachs, S. , ve Harper, B.D. (2018). The moderation of empathy in the longitudinal association between witnessing cyberbullying, depression, and anxiety. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 12 (4). Article 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/CP2018-4-6
  • Wu, C.L., Lin, H.Y., ve Chen, H.C. (2016). Gender differences in humour styles of young adolescents: Empathy as a mediator. Personality and Individual Differences, 99, 139-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.018
  • Yerlikaya, E.E. (2003). Mizah tarzları ölçeği’nin (the humor styles questionnaire) uyarlama çalışması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi. Erişim adresi https://toad.halileksi.net/sites/ default/files/pdf/mizah-tarzlari-olcegi-toad.pdf
  • Youssef, F.F., Nunes, P., Sa, B., ve Williams, S. (2014). An exploration of changes in cognitive and emotional empathy among medical students in the Caribbean. International Journal of Medical Education, 5, 185-192. doi: 10.5116/ijme.5412.e641
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler
Yazarlar

Esma Ülkü Kaya 0000-0002-6740-5307

Gamze Ayça Kaya 0000-0002-4780-5389

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Mayıs 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ülkü Kaya, E., & Kaya, G. A. (2023). ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE EMPATİ İLE OLUMSUZ DEĞERLENDİRİLME KORKUSU İLİŞKİSİ: MİZAH TARZLARININ ARACI ETKİSİ. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 33(2), 845-854. https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1167526
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