Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Antik Yazarların Eserlerinde Sophene Bölgesi İle İlgili Anlatımlar

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 7, 51 - 73, 04.09.2016

Öz

Coğrafi açıdan Yukarı Fırat Havzası olarak lokalize edilebilecek olan Sophene bölgesi
günümüzde Elazığ ve Tunceli illerini kapsamaktadır. Bölgenin dağlık coğrafi yapısından dolayı
tarih boyunca ele geçirilmesi ve tutulması oldukça zor olmuştur. Bölge, Anadolu'da yazının
geniş ölçüde kullanıldığı Hitit çivi yazılı metinlerinde "Išuwa", "Pahhuwa", "Zuppa"; Urartu
kaynaklarında "Şupa(ni)" ve antik yazarların eserlerinde ise "Sophene" ya da "Sophenene"
olarak adlandırılmıştır. Antik çağ yazarları kendine has coğrafi özelliklere sahip olan bölge
hakkında bilgiler vermişlerdir. Özellikle Strabon, bölgenin yeri konusunda anlatımlarda
bulunmasına rağmen bölgede yaşayan halkın sahip olduğu kültür ve yaşayış tarzı konusunda
yeterince bilgi vermemiştir. Selevkos, Pontus, Armenia krallıkları ile Roma arasında geçen
mücadelede bölge önem kazanmıştır. Selevkos Kralı III. Antiochus'un Roma ile yaptığı
mücadele esnasında ona bağlı olan Sophene valileri Artaxias ve Zariadres bağımsızlığını ilan
etmiştir. Sophene yaklaşık yüz yıl süreyle bağımsız kalmıştır. Pontus Kralı Mithradates'in Roma
ile girdiği mücadeleyi sona erdirmek için Anadolu'nun doğusuna sefer düzenleyen Romalı
General Pompey, Armenia Krallığı ile birlikte Sophene bölgesini ele geçirmiştir. Sophene, önce
Büyük Tigranes'in oğlu III. Tigranes'e verilmiş ise de onun Parthia Krallığı ile olan ilişkileri
nedeniyle geri alınarak Roma'nın Kapadokya eyaletine bağlanmıştır. Roma'nın bir eyaleti
haline dönüşen Sophene, sonraki dönemlerde Roma - Parthia mücadelesinde Roma'nın ileri
karakolu görevini üstlenmiştir. Uzun dönem Roma'nın bir parçası olan bölge daha sonra Türk
- İslam idaresine girmiştir. 

Kaynakça

  • Appianos, Romanike Historike, (Çev: H. White), London, 1955. (Loeb).
  • Cassius Dio, Historia Romana, (Çev: E. Carry), London, 1954. (Loeb).
  • Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, (Çev: C. H. Moore - J. Jackson), London, 1962. (Loeb).
  • Eratosthenes, Catasterismi, (Çev: J. K. Schaubach), Charleston 2011 (Nabu).
  • Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia, (Çev: H. R. Racham – W.H.S. Jones), London, 1947. (Loeb).
  • Plutarkhos, Bioi Paralleloi, (Çev: B. Perin), London, 1959. (Loeb).
  • Pomponius Mela, Pomponius Mela's Description of the World, (Çev: Frank E. Romer), Michigan, 1998. (University of Michigan Press).
  • Procopius Caesarensis, De Aedificiis, (Çev: H. B. Dewing), London, 1949. (Loeb).
  • Strabon, Geographika, (Çev: H. L. Jones), London, 1957. (Loeb).
  • ALTMAN, Amnon, The Historical Prologue of the Hittite Vassal Treaties, Bar-Ilan University Press, Ramat Gan 2004.
  • ARBEITMAN, Y. L., The Asia Minor Connexion Studies on the Pre-Greek Languages in Memory of Charles Carter, Peeters Publisher, Leuven 2000.
  • ARROWSMITH, Aaron, Grammar of Ancient Geography, Nabu Press, London 2010.
  • ARSLAN, Murat, Mithradates VI Eupator: Roma’nın Büyük Düşmanı, Odin Yayıncılık, İstanbul 2007.
  • ASHER, Armen, The Peoples of Ararat, BookSurge, Charleston 2009.
  • ASTOUR, M. C. - GORDON, C. H., Hellenosemitica: An Ethnic and Cultural Study in West Semitic Impact on Mycenaean Greece, Brill Press, Leiden 1965.
  • ASTOUR, M. C., “The Arena of Tiglath-pileser III’s Campaign Against Sarduri II (743 B.C.)”, Assur 2/3 (Monographic Journals of the Near East), Undena Publications, (1979) s. 2-23.
  • AUSTIN, M. M., The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989.
  • BARJAMOVIC, Gojko, A Historical Geography of Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Colony Period. Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen 2011.
  • BOARDMAN, John - EDWARDS, I. E. S., The Cambridge Ancient History III, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992.
  • BOWMAN, Alan - GARNSEY, Peter - CAMERON, Averil, The Cambridge Ancient History XII, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2005.
  • BRYCE, Trevor, The Kingdom of the Hittites, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999.
  • BRYCE, Trevor, The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia, Routledge Press, New York 2009.
  • BURNEY, C. A. - LANG, D. M., The Peoples of the Hills: Ancient Ararat and Caucasus, Praeger Publishing, New York 1972.
  • BURNEY, C. A., Historical Dictionary of the Hittites, Scarecrow Press, New York 2004.
  • CHAHIN, Mack, The Kingdom of Armenia: A History, Curzon Press, Eastbourne 2001.
  • CHAMOUX, Francois, Hellenistic Civilization, Blackwell Publishing, London 2003.
  • COLLINS, B. J., The Hittites and Their World, Brill Press, Leiden 2008.
  • CTH, E.Laroche Catalogue des Textes Hittites. Paris 1971.
  • DAVIES, M. E. - SWAIN, Hilary, Aspects of Roman History 82 BC-AD 14, Routledge Press, New York 2010.
  • DIAKONOV, M. I., Pre-History of the Armenian People, Caravan Books, New York 1984.
  • DUGAN, A. L., He Died Old: Mithradates Eupator, King of Pontus, Faber & Faber, London 1958.
  • DUNSTAN, W. E., Ancient Rome, Rowman & Littlefield Press, Lanham 2011.
  • EBELING, Erich - MEISSNER, Bruno, Meek - Mythologie, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1999.
  • EDWELL, Peter, Between Rome and Persia, The Middle Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Palmyra Under Roman Control, Routledge Press, New York 2007.
  • ELLIS, Ralph, Jesus, King of Edessa, Adventures Unlimited Press, Illinois 2013.
  • ERDKAMP, Paul, A Companion to the Roman Army, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford 2007.
  • ERDOĞAN, Serkan, Yerli ve Yabancı Kaynaklara Göre, Dersim ve Çevresindeki Arkeolojik Araştırmalar II, Kalan Yayınları, Ankara 2004.
  • ERSKINE, Andrew, A Companion to Ancient History, John Wiley & Sons Press, New Jersey 2009.
  • FARROKH, Kaveh, Shadows in the Desert: Ancient Persia at War, Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2007.
  • FIELDS, Nic, Pompey, Osprey Publishing, New York 2012.
  • FREEMAN, Charles, Egypt, Greece, and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004.
  • GARSTANG, John - GURNEY, O. R., The Geography of the Hittite Empire, British Institute of Archaeology, Ankara 1959.
  • GRAINGER, John, The Seleukid Empire of Antiochus III: 223-187 BC, Pen and Sword Publishing, South Yorkshire 2015.
  • GURNEY, O. R., The Hittites, Penguin Books, London 1990.
  • HABICHT, Christian, The Hellenistic Monarchies: Selected Papers, University of Michigan Press, Michigan 2006.
  • HAWKINS, J. D., "Assyrians and Hittites", Iraq - Cambridge University Press, 36 (1974), s. 67 - 83.
  • HAWKINS, J. D., "The Land of Išuwa: Hieroglyphic Evidence", III. Uluslararası Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, (1998), 281 - 295.
  • HEWSEN, R. H., "Introduction to Armenian Historical Geography III: The Boundaries of Orontid Armenia", REArm (Revue des Études Arméniennes) 18,1/2 (Paris, 1984), 347-366.
  • HØJTE, J. M., Mithridates VI and the Pontic Kingdom, Aarhus University Press, Aarhus 2009.
  • Holland, Tom, Rubicon: The Triumph and Tragedy of the Roman Republic, Hachette Digital, London 2013.
  • HOLM, Adolf, The History of Greece from Its Commencement to the Close of the Independence of the Greek Nation, Macmillan Press, New York 1911.
  • HOVANNISIAN, R. G., Armenian Tsopk/Kharpert, Mazda Publishers, California 2002.
  • KÖROĞLU, Kemalettin, Urartu Krallığı Döneminde Elazığ (Alzi) ve Çevresi, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul 1996.
  • KURKJIAN, V. M., A History of Armenia, Indo European Publishing, New York 2014.
  • KURT, Mehmet, Yazılı Kaynaklara Göre Milattan Önce Birinci Binde Mezopotamya-Anadolu İlişkileri, Murat Kitabevi, Ankara 2007.
  • LEACH, John, Pompey the Great, Routledge Press, New York 2013.
  • LEWY, Juilus, “Old Assyrian Evidence Concerning Kuššara and Its Location” Hebrew Union College Annual 33, Cincinnati 1962, 45 – 57.
  • MANANDYAN, Hakob, Tigranes II and Rome: A New Interpretation Based on Primary Sources, Mazda Publishers, California 2007.
  • MARCIAK, Micha, "The Historical Geography of Sophene", Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 52 / 4, (2012), s. 295 - 338.
  • MCDONALD, A. H. - WALBANK, F. W., "The Treaty of Apamea (188 B.C.): the Naval Clauses", Journal of Roman Studies, 59 (1969), s. 30 - 39.
  • MCGING, B. C., The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus, Brill Press, Leiden 1986.
  • OWEN, David - WILHELM, Gernot, Nuzi at Seventy - Five, Capital Decisions Press, New York 1999.
  • PALTIEL, Eliezer, "The Treaty of Apamea and the Later Seleucids", Antichthon, 13 (1979), s. 30 - 41.
  • POWELL, John, Weapons & Warfare: Ancient and Medieval Weapons and Warfare (to c. 1500), Salem Press, New Jersey 2010.
  • RAWLINSON, George, Parthia, Read Country Books, London 2007.
  • RGTC 6, G. F. del Monte- J. Tischler, Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der hethitischen Texte. Repertoire Geographique des Textes Cuneiformes, Band 6 (= Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe B[Geisteswissenschaften] Nr. 7/6). Weisbaden 1978.
  • SASSON, J. M., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, Scribner Publishing, New York 1995.
  • SEAGER, Robin, Pompey the Great: A Political Biography, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford 2002.
  • SEVİN, Veli, "Elazığ/Bahçecik Yazıtı ve Urartu Eyalet Sistemi Üzerine Düşünceler", Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15 / 2, (2005), s. 379 - 384.
  • SINCLAIR, T. A., Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume III, Pindar Press, London 2014.
  • SOUTHERN, Pat, Pompey the Great, Tempus, London 2002.
  • STROBEL, Karl, New Perspectives on the Historical Geography and Topography of Anatolia in the II and I Millenium B.C., LoGisma Editore, Firenze 2008.
  • TADMOR, Hayim, "The Campaigns of Sargon II of Assur: A Chronological-Historical Study", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 12 / 3, (1958), s. 77 - 100.
  • TAYLOR, Michael, Antiochus the Great, Pen and Sword Publishing, South Yorkshire 2013.
  • TOUMANOFF, Cyrille, Studies in Christian Caucasian History, Georgetown University Press, Washington 1963.
  • USSHER, James, The Annals of the World, Master Books, London 2003.
  • ÜNAL, Ahmet - Girginer, K. S., Kilikya-Çukurova: İlk Çağlardan Osmanlılar Dönemi'ne Kadar Kilikya'da Tarihi Coğrafya, Tarih ve Arkeoloji, İstanbul 2007.
  • WILLIAMS, John, Two Essays On The Geography Of Ancient Asia: Intended Partly To Illustrate The Campaigns Of Alexander, And The Anabasis Of Xenophon, Nabu Press, London 2012.
  • YAKAR, Jak, The Ethnoarchaeology of Anatolia: Rural Socio-Economy in the Bronze and Iron Ages, Yass Publications in Archaeology, Tel Aviv 2000.
  • YİĞİT, Turgut, "Tarih Öncesi ve Hitit Dönemnde Isuwa Bölgesi" Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17 / 28, (1995), s. 233 - 251.

SOPHENE REGION RELATED EXPRESSIONS ON THE WORKS OF ANCIENT AUTHORS

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 7, 51 - 73, 04.09.2016

Öz

Sophene region may be as geographically localized Upper Euphrates Basin covers the
provinces of Tunceli and Elazig today. Due to the geographical structure of mountainous,
region has been quite difficult to seizure and retention throughout the history. The region has
been named as "Išuwa", "Pahhuw", and "Zuppa" in Hittite nail in the written text, "Supa(ni)"
in Urartu source and "Sophene" or " Sophenene " at works of the ancient writers'. The authors
of antiquity gave information about the region that has unique geographic characteristics. In
particular, Strabon gave information about the location of the region but he was not inform
enough information of the people living in the region have culture and life style on. The Region
has gained importance in the struggle between Seleucid, Pontic, Armenia kingdoms and Rome.
During his struggle with Rome, King of Selevkos Antiochus III affiliated with Artaxias and
Zariadres of Sophene governor has declared its independence. Sophene remained independent
for nearly a hundred years. Roman general Pompey which regulates the eastern Anatolian to
end the fight with The King of Pontus Mithridates, conquered the region Sophene with the
Kingdom of Armenia. Sophene, was given to eldest son of Tigranes of Tigranes III but it was
taken back to him because of he's relations with the Kingdom of Parthia, were attached to the
province of Cappadocia. Sophene, turned into a province of Rome, became outpost in the
struggle Roman-Parthian in later periods. The region has been part of Rome for long period,
then it entered the Turkish-Islamic administration. 

Kaynakça

  • Appianos, Romanike Historike, (Çev: H. White), London, 1955. (Loeb).
  • Cassius Dio, Historia Romana, (Çev: E. Carry), London, 1954. (Loeb).
  • Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, (Çev: C. H. Moore - J. Jackson), London, 1962. (Loeb).
  • Eratosthenes, Catasterismi, (Çev: J. K. Schaubach), Charleston 2011 (Nabu).
  • Gaius Plinius Secundus, Naturalis Historia, (Çev: H. R. Racham – W.H.S. Jones), London, 1947. (Loeb).
  • Plutarkhos, Bioi Paralleloi, (Çev: B. Perin), London, 1959. (Loeb).
  • Pomponius Mela, Pomponius Mela's Description of the World, (Çev: Frank E. Romer), Michigan, 1998. (University of Michigan Press).
  • Procopius Caesarensis, De Aedificiis, (Çev: H. B. Dewing), London, 1949. (Loeb).
  • Strabon, Geographika, (Çev: H. L. Jones), London, 1957. (Loeb).
  • ALTMAN, Amnon, The Historical Prologue of the Hittite Vassal Treaties, Bar-Ilan University Press, Ramat Gan 2004.
  • ARBEITMAN, Y. L., The Asia Minor Connexion Studies on the Pre-Greek Languages in Memory of Charles Carter, Peeters Publisher, Leuven 2000.
  • ARROWSMITH, Aaron, Grammar of Ancient Geography, Nabu Press, London 2010.
  • ARSLAN, Murat, Mithradates VI Eupator: Roma’nın Büyük Düşmanı, Odin Yayıncılık, İstanbul 2007.
  • ASHER, Armen, The Peoples of Ararat, BookSurge, Charleston 2009.
  • ASTOUR, M. C. - GORDON, C. H., Hellenosemitica: An Ethnic and Cultural Study in West Semitic Impact on Mycenaean Greece, Brill Press, Leiden 1965.
  • ASTOUR, M. C., “The Arena of Tiglath-pileser III’s Campaign Against Sarduri II (743 B.C.)”, Assur 2/3 (Monographic Journals of the Near East), Undena Publications, (1979) s. 2-23.
  • AUSTIN, M. M., The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989.
  • BARJAMOVIC, Gojko, A Historical Geography of Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Colony Period. Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen 2011.
  • BOARDMAN, John - EDWARDS, I. E. S., The Cambridge Ancient History III, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992.
  • BOWMAN, Alan - GARNSEY, Peter - CAMERON, Averil, The Cambridge Ancient History XII, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2005.
  • BRYCE, Trevor, The Kingdom of the Hittites, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999.
  • BRYCE, Trevor, The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia, Routledge Press, New York 2009.
  • BURNEY, C. A. - LANG, D. M., The Peoples of the Hills: Ancient Ararat and Caucasus, Praeger Publishing, New York 1972.
  • BURNEY, C. A., Historical Dictionary of the Hittites, Scarecrow Press, New York 2004.
  • CHAHIN, Mack, The Kingdom of Armenia: A History, Curzon Press, Eastbourne 2001.
  • CHAMOUX, Francois, Hellenistic Civilization, Blackwell Publishing, London 2003.
  • COLLINS, B. J., The Hittites and Their World, Brill Press, Leiden 2008.
  • CTH, E.Laroche Catalogue des Textes Hittites. Paris 1971.
  • DAVIES, M. E. - SWAIN, Hilary, Aspects of Roman History 82 BC-AD 14, Routledge Press, New York 2010.
  • DIAKONOV, M. I., Pre-History of the Armenian People, Caravan Books, New York 1984.
  • DUGAN, A. L., He Died Old: Mithradates Eupator, King of Pontus, Faber & Faber, London 1958.
  • DUNSTAN, W. E., Ancient Rome, Rowman & Littlefield Press, Lanham 2011.
  • EBELING, Erich - MEISSNER, Bruno, Meek - Mythologie, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1999.
  • EDWELL, Peter, Between Rome and Persia, The Middle Euphrates, Mesopotamia and Palmyra Under Roman Control, Routledge Press, New York 2007.
  • ELLIS, Ralph, Jesus, King of Edessa, Adventures Unlimited Press, Illinois 2013.
  • ERDKAMP, Paul, A Companion to the Roman Army, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford 2007.
  • ERDOĞAN, Serkan, Yerli ve Yabancı Kaynaklara Göre, Dersim ve Çevresindeki Arkeolojik Araştırmalar II, Kalan Yayınları, Ankara 2004.
  • ERSKINE, Andrew, A Companion to Ancient History, John Wiley & Sons Press, New Jersey 2009.
  • FARROKH, Kaveh, Shadows in the Desert: Ancient Persia at War, Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2007.
  • FIELDS, Nic, Pompey, Osprey Publishing, New York 2012.
  • FREEMAN, Charles, Egypt, Greece, and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004.
  • GARSTANG, John - GURNEY, O. R., The Geography of the Hittite Empire, British Institute of Archaeology, Ankara 1959.
  • GRAINGER, John, The Seleukid Empire of Antiochus III: 223-187 BC, Pen and Sword Publishing, South Yorkshire 2015.
  • GURNEY, O. R., The Hittites, Penguin Books, London 1990.
  • HABICHT, Christian, The Hellenistic Monarchies: Selected Papers, University of Michigan Press, Michigan 2006.
  • HAWKINS, J. D., "Assyrians and Hittites", Iraq - Cambridge University Press, 36 (1974), s. 67 - 83.
  • HAWKINS, J. D., "The Land of Išuwa: Hieroglyphic Evidence", III. Uluslararası Hititoloji Kongresi Bildirileri, (1998), 281 - 295.
  • HEWSEN, R. H., "Introduction to Armenian Historical Geography III: The Boundaries of Orontid Armenia", REArm (Revue des Études Arméniennes) 18,1/2 (Paris, 1984), 347-366.
  • HØJTE, J. M., Mithridates VI and the Pontic Kingdom, Aarhus University Press, Aarhus 2009.
  • Holland, Tom, Rubicon: The Triumph and Tragedy of the Roman Republic, Hachette Digital, London 2013.
  • HOLM, Adolf, The History of Greece from Its Commencement to the Close of the Independence of the Greek Nation, Macmillan Press, New York 1911.
  • HOVANNISIAN, R. G., Armenian Tsopk/Kharpert, Mazda Publishers, California 2002.
  • KÖROĞLU, Kemalettin, Urartu Krallığı Döneminde Elazığ (Alzi) ve Çevresi, Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul 1996.
  • KURKJIAN, V. M., A History of Armenia, Indo European Publishing, New York 2014.
  • KURT, Mehmet, Yazılı Kaynaklara Göre Milattan Önce Birinci Binde Mezopotamya-Anadolu İlişkileri, Murat Kitabevi, Ankara 2007.
  • LEACH, John, Pompey the Great, Routledge Press, New York 2013.
  • LEWY, Juilus, “Old Assyrian Evidence Concerning Kuššara and Its Location” Hebrew Union College Annual 33, Cincinnati 1962, 45 – 57.
  • MANANDYAN, Hakob, Tigranes II and Rome: A New Interpretation Based on Primary Sources, Mazda Publishers, California 2007.
  • MARCIAK, Micha, "The Historical Geography of Sophene", Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 52 / 4, (2012), s. 295 - 338.
  • MCDONALD, A. H. - WALBANK, F. W., "The Treaty of Apamea (188 B.C.): the Naval Clauses", Journal of Roman Studies, 59 (1969), s. 30 - 39.
  • MCGING, B. C., The Foreign Policy of Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus, Brill Press, Leiden 1986.
  • OWEN, David - WILHELM, Gernot, Nuzi at Seventy - Five, Capital Decisions Press, New York 1999.
  • PALTIEL, Eliezer, "The Treaty of Apamea and the Later Seleucids", Antichthon, 13 (1979), s. 30 - 41.
  • POWELL, John, Weapons & Warfare: Ancient and Medieval Weapons and Warfare (to c. 1500), Salem Press, New Jersey 2010.
  • RAWLINSON, George, Parthia, Read Country Books, London 2007.
  • RGTC 6, G. F. del Monte- J. Tischler, Die Orts- und Gewässernamen der hethitischen Texte. Repertoire Geographique des Textes Cuneiformes, Band 6 (= Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe B[Geisteswissenschaften] Nr. 7/6). Weisbaden 1978.
  • SASSON, J. M., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, Scribner Publishing, New York 1995.
  • SEAGER, Robin, Pompey the Great: A Political Biography, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford 2002.
  • SEVİN, Veli, "Elazığ/Bahçecik Yazıtı ve Urartu Eyalet Sistemi Üzerine Düşünceler", Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15 / 2, (2005), s. 379 - 384.
  • SINCLAIR, T. A., Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume III, Pindar Press, London 2014.
  • SOUTHERN, Pat, Pompey the Great, Tempus, London 2002.
  • STROBEL, Karl, New Perspectives on the Historical Geography and Topography of Anatolia in the II and I Millenium B.C., LoGisma Editore, Firenze 2008.
  • TADMOR, Hayim, "The Campaigns of Sargon II of Assur: A Chronological-Historical Study", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 12 / 3, (1958), s. 77 - 100.
  • TAYLOR, Michael, Antiochus the Great, Pen and Sword Publishing, South Yorkshire 2013.
  • TOUMANOFF, Cyrille, Studies in Christian Caucasian History, Georgetown University Press, Washington 1963.
  • USSHER, James, The Annals of the World, Master Books, London 2003.
  • ÜNAL, Ahmet - Girginer, K. S., Kilikya-Çukurova: İlk Çağlardan Osmanlılar Dönemi'ne Kadar Kilikya'da Tarihi Coğrafya, Tarih ve Arkeoloji, İstanbul 2007.
  • WILLIAMS, John, Two Essays On The Geography Of Ancient Asia: Intended Partly To Illustrate The Campaigns Of Alexander, And The Anabasis Of Xenophon, Nabu Press, London 2012.
  • YAKAR, Jak, The Ethnoarchaeology of Anatolia: Rural Socio-Economy in the Bronze and Iron Ages, Yass Publications in Archaeology, Tel Aviv 2000.
  • YİĞİT, Turgut, "Tarih Öncesi ve Hitit Dönemnde Isuwa Bölgesi" Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17 / 28, (1995), s. 233 - 251.
Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ercüment Yıldırım

Yayımlanma Tarihi 4 Eylül 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 7

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, E. (2016). Antik Yazarların Eserlerinde Sophene Bölgesi İle İlgili Anlatımlar. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(7), 51-73.
AMA Yıldırım E. Antik Yazarların Eserlerinde Sophene Bölgesi İle İlgili Anlatımlar. ASBİDER. Eylül 2016;3(7):51-73.
Chicago Yıldırım, Ercüment. “Antik Yazarların Eserlerinde Sophene Bölgesi İle İlgili Anlatımlar”. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 3, sy. 7 (Eylül 2016): 51-73.
EndNote Yıldırım E (01 Eylül 2016) Antik Yazarların Eserlerinde Sophene Bölgesi İle İlgili Anlatımlar. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 3 7 51–73.
IEEE E. Yıldırım, “Antik Yazarların Eserlerinde Sophene Bölgesi İle İlgili Anlatımlar”, ASBİDER, c. 3, sy. 7, ss. 51–73, 2016.
ISNAD Yıldırım, Ercüment. “Antik Yazarların Eserlerinde Sophene Bölgesi İle İlgili Anlatımlar”. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 3/7 (Eylül 2016), 51-73.
JAMA Yıldırım E. Antik Yazarların Eserlerinde Sophene Bölgesi İle İlgili Anlatımlar. ASBİDER. 2016;3:51–73.
MLA Yıldırım, Ercüment. “Antik Yazarların Eserlerinde Sophene Bölgesi İle İlgili Anlatımlar”. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 7, 2016, ss. 51-73.
Vancouver Yıldırım E. Antik Yazarların Eserlerinde Sophene Bölgesi İle İlgili Anlatımlar. ASBİDER. 2016;3(7):51-73.