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Nitel Araştırma Deseni Belirleme Ölçütleri ve Gerekçelendirilmesi.

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 334 - 355, 30.06.2023

Öz

Farklı yaklaşım biçimleri olsa da bilimsel araştırmalar genellikle pozitivist paradigmaya bağlı nicel araştırma ve yorumsamacı paradigmaya bağı nitel araştırma olmak üzere iki temel yaklaşımla ele alınmaktadır. Burada temel sorun araştırmacının araştırmaya kuramdan hareketle bir hipotezle mi başlayacağı yoksa teme araştırma sorusuyla başlayıp araştırmanın sonunda hipoteze veya kurama mı ulaşacağında düğümlenmektedir. Diğer bir sorun araştırmacının nitel veya nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden hangi araştırma desenini tercih edeceğine ilişkindir. Bu araştırmanın teme amacı örnek olay, fenomenoloji, gömülü kuram ve etnografik araştırma gibi nitel araştırma desenlerinin tercihinin neye göre yapılacağına dair ölçütleri gerekçeleriyle birlikte belirlemektir. Bu çerçevede araştırmada nitel araştırmalarda sık kullanılan örnek olay, fenomenoloji, gömülü kuram ve etnografik araştırma desenleri konusunda tanıtıcı ve tanımlayıcı bilgiler verdikten sonra, bir araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinin hangi gerekçeye göre tercih edileceğine ilişkin ölçütler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Böylece hangi nitel araştırma deseninin hangi durumlarda kullanılacağı ve bunların tercih gerekçeleri açıklığa kavuşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma kavramsal inceleme tasarımında bir araştırmadır ve araştırmada nicel ve nitel araştırmaların kuramsal ve felsefi arka planları konusunda tanıtıcı bilgiler verildikten sonra nitel araştırma desenlerinin tercih gerekçeleri tartışılarak araştırma deseni tercih sürecine kullanılabilecek ölçütlere ilişkin çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Bogdan, R., & Biklen, S. K. (1992). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods (2th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Charmaz, K. (2011). Grounded theory methods in social justice research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (4th ed., pp. 359–380). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Corbin, J. & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches. (2nd ed.). California: Sage
  • Creswell, J. W. (2016). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni [Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches]. M. Butun & S. B. Demir (Edt.). Ankara: Siyasal.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. (4th ed). Los Angeles: Sage
  • Creswell, J.W. (2012). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative research (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
  • Dey, I. (1993). Qualitative Data Analysis: A User-Friendly Guide for Social Scientists. London: Routledge
  • Ellis, C., Adams, T. E., & Bochner. A. P. (2011). Autoethnography: An Overview. Historical Social research/Historische Sozialforschung, 12 (1), 273–290.
  • Erdoğan, İ., & Alemdar, K. (2010). Öteki Kuram, Kitle iletişim Kuram ve Araştırmalarının Tarihsel ve Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirmesi (3.baskı). Ankara: ERK Yayıncılık.
  • Evans, G. (2013). A novice researcher's first walk through the maze of grounded theory: Rationalization for classical grounded theory. The Grounded Theory Review, 12(1), 37-55.
  • Flick, U. (2018). An introduction to qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Gabbay, J., & Le May, A. (2004). Evidence-based guidelines or collectively constructed "mindlines?" Ethnographic study of knowledge management in primary care. BMJ, 329(7473), 1013-1018.
  • Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. London: Routledge.
  • Glesne, C. (2012). Nitel araştırmaya giriş. Ali Ersoy & Pelin Yalçınoğlu (çev.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Goldman, J., & Du Mont, J. (2001). Moving forward in batterer program evaluation: posing a qualitative, woman-centered approach. Evaluation and program planning, 24(3), 297-305.
  • Habermas, J. (1997). Bilgi ve İnsansal İlgiler, Celal Kanat (çev.). İstanbul: Küyerel Yayınları.
  • Hall, C. S., Lindzey, G. (1985). Introduction to Theories of Personality (baskı sayısı). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Hammersley, M. (2012). Qualitative causal analysis: Grounded theorizing and the qualitative survey. B., Cooper, J., Glaesser, R., Gomm, M. Hammersley,(Eds.), Challenging the qualitative-quantitative divide. Explorations in case-focused causal analysis, 72-95.
  • Hammersley, M. (2020). Ethics of ethnography. In R. Iphofen (Ed.), Handbook of research ethics and scientific integrity, pp. 445–457). Cham: Springer.
  • Hanry, P ve Agafonoff, N. (2006). Adapting ethnographic research methods to ad hoc commercial market research. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal. 9(2), 115-125.
  • Hodkinson, P. (2008). Grounded Theory and Inductive Research. In Gilbert N., & Stoneman, P. (Eds), Researching Social Life, (pp, 97-117). London: Sage.
  • Holy, L. (1984). Theory, methodology and the research process. In R. F. Ellen (Ed.), Ethnographic research: A guide to general conduct (pp. 13-34). London: Academic Press.
  • Johnson, B. & Christensen, L. (2008). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, And Mixed Approaches. New York: Sage.
  • Jones, M., & Alony, I. (2011). Guiding the use of grounded theory in doctoral studies - An example from the Australian film industry. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 6, 95-114.
  • Jones, S.H., Adams, T. E., & Ellis, C. (2016). Handbook of autoethnography. Walnut Grove, CA: Left Coast Press.
  • Lawrence N.W. (2007). Basics of Social Research Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches,. USA: Pearson Education.
  • Marshall, C., & Rossman, G.B. (2006). Designing a Qualitative Research, (4th ed). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2015). Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulama için bir rehber. Selahattin Turan (çev.). Ankara: Nobel yayıncılık.
  • Mertens, D. M. (2014). Research And Evaluation In Education And Psychology: Integrating Diversity With Quantitative, Qualitative, And Mixed Methods. New York: Sage.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook of new methods. London: Sage.
  • Myers, M. D. (2009). Qualitative research in business and management. London: Sage.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2012). Toplumsal Araştırma Yöntemleri: Nicel ve Nitel Yaklaşımlar I‐II. Cilt. (5.baskı). İstanbul: Yayın Odası.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
  • Pham, L. T. M. (2018). Qualitative Approach to Research, a Review of Advantages and Disadvantages of Three Paradigms: Positivism, Interpretivism and Critical Inquiry. (Master), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
  • Punch, K. F. (2016). Sosyal Araştırmalara Giriş. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., & Ormston, R. (2013). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. (2nd ed). Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Roberts, C.W. (2020). Text Analysis for the Social Sciences: Methods for Drawing Statistical Inferences from Texts and Transcripts. New York: Routledge.
  • Robson, C. (2015). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri: Gerçek Dünya Araştırması. Şakir Çınkır & Nihan Demirkasımoğlu (çev.) Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Storey, L. (2007). Doing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. In E. Lyons & A. Coyle (Eds.). Analysing Qualitative Data In Psychology. (pp. 51-64). Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Tutar, H., & Erdem, A. T. (2020). Örnekleriyle bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve SPSS uygulamaları. (1.baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Van Manen, M. (2014). Phenomenology of practice: Meaning-giving methods in phenomenological research and writing. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
  • Wagner, C., Kawulich, B., & Garner, M. (2012). Doing social research: A global context: London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
  • Walford, G. (2020). Ethnography is not qualitative. Ethnography and Education, 15(1), 122-135.
  • Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology: (3rd ed). England: McGraw-hill Education.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. (12. Bsk). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
  • Yin, R.K. (2014). Case study methods: design and methods (5th ed). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Qualitative Research Designs Determination Criteria And Justification

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 334 - 355, 30.06.2023

Öz

A quantitative analysis based on the positivist paradigm and a qualitative study based on the hermeneutic paradigm are the two most common approaches to scientific research. The main question is whether the researcher will start the research with a hypothesis based on the theory or start with the main research question and reach the idea or thesis at the end of the study. Another problem is which research design the researcher will prefer when choosing qualitative or quantitative research methods. The primary purpose of this research is to determine the criteria for choosing qualitative research designs such as case studies, phenomenology, embedded theory, and ethnographic research and their reasons. In this context, after giving introductory and descriptive information about case studies, phenomenology, embedded theory, and ethnographic research designs frequently used in qualitative research, it was tried to determine the criteria for which qualitative research designs would be preferred. This study has clarified what qualitative research design will be used in what situations and the reasons for their preference. The research is research in conceptual analysis design. The reasons for choosing qualitative research designs were discussed after giving introductory information about quantitative and qualitative research's theoretical and philosophical backgrounds. Various suggestions were made regarding the criteria used in the research design selection process.

Kaynakça

  • Bogdan, R., & Biklen, S. K. (1992). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods (2th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Charmaz, K. (2011). Grounded theory methods in social justice research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (4th ed., pp. 359–380). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Corbin, J. & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches. (2nd ed.). California: Sage
  • Creswell, J. W. (2016). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni [Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches]. M. Butun & S. B. Demir (Edt.). Ankara: Siyasal.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. (4th ed). Los Angeles: Sage
  • Creswell, J.W. (2012). Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative research (4th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
  • Dey, I. (1993). Qualitative Data Analysis: A User-Friendly Guide for Social Scientists. London: Routledge
  • Ellis, C., Adams, T. E., & Bochner. A. P. (2011). Autoethnography: An Overview. Historical Social research/Historische Sozialforschung, 12 (1), 273–290.
  • Erdoğan, İ., & Alemdar, K. (2010). Öteki Kuram, Kitle iletişim Kuram ve Araştırmalarının Tarihsel ve Eleştirel Bir Değerlendirmesi (3.baskı). Ankara: ERK Yayıncılık.
  • Evans, G. (2013). A novice researcher's first walk through the maze of grounded theory: Rationalization for classical grounded theory. The Grounded Theory Review, 12(1), 37-55.
  • Flick, U. (2018). An introduction to qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Gabbay, J., & Le May, A. (2004). Evidence-based guidelines or collectively constructed "mindlines?" Ethnographic study of knowledge management in primary care. BMJ, 329(7473), 1013-1018.
  • Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. London: Routledge.
  • Glesne, C. (2012). Nitel araştırmaya giriş. Ali Ersoy & Pelin Yalçınoğlu (çev.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Goldman, J., & Du Mont, J. (2001). Moving forward in batterer program evaluation: posing a qualitative, woman-centered approach. Evaluation and program planning, 24(3), 297-305.
  • Habermas, J. (1997). Bilgi ve İnsansal İlgiler, Celal Kanat (çev.). İstanbul: Küyerel Yayınları.
  • Hall, C. S., Lindzey, G. (1985). Introduction to Theories of Personality (baskı sayısı). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Hammersley, M. (2012). Qualitative causal analysis: Grounded theorizing and the qualitative survey. B., Cooper, J., Glaesser, R., Gomm, M. Hammersley,(Eds.), Challenging the qualitative-quantitative divide. Explorations in case-focused causal analysis, 72-95.
  • Hammersley, M. (2020). Ethics of ethnography. In R. Iphofen (Ed.), Handbook of research ethics and scientific integrity, pp. 445–457). Cham: Springer.
  • Hanry, P ve Agafonoff, N. (2006). Adapting ethnographic research methods to ad hoc commercial market research. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal. 9(2), 115-125.
  • Hodkinson, P. (2008). Grounded Theory and Inductive Research. In Gilbert N., & Stoneman, P. (Eds), Researching Social Life, (pp, 97-117). London: Sage.
  • Holy, L. (1984). Theory, methodology and the research process. In R. F. Ellen (Ed.), Ethnographic research: A guide to general conduct (pp. 13-34). London: Academic Press.
  • Johnson, B. & Christensen, L. (2008). Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, And Mixed Approaches. New York: Sage.
  • Jones, M., & Alony, I. (2011). Guiding the use of grounded theory in doctoral studies - An example from the Australian film industry. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 6, 95-114.
  • Jones, S.H., Adams, T. E., & Ellis, C. (2016). Handbook of autoethnography. Walnut Grove, CA: Left Coast Press.
  • Lawrence N.W. (2007). Basics of Social Research Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches,. USA: Pearson Education.
  • Marshall, C., & Rossman, G.B. (2006). Designing a Qualitative Research, (4th ed). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2015). Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulama için bir rehber. Selahattin Turan (çev.). Ankara: Nobel yayıncılık.
  • Mertens, D. M. (2014). Research And Evaluation In Education And Psychology: Integrating Diversity With Quantitative, Qualitative, And Mixed Methods. New York: Sage.
  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1984). Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook of new methods. London: Sage.
  • Myers, M. D. (2009). Qualitative research in business and management. London: Sage.
  • Neuman, W. L. (2012). Toplumsal Araştırma Yöntemleri: Nicel ve Nitel Yaklaşımlar I‐II. Cilt. (5.baskı). İstanbul: Yayın Odası.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
  • Pham, L. T. M. (2018). Qualitative Approach to Research, a Review of Advantages and Disadvantages of Three Paradigms: Positivism, Interpretivism and Critical Inquiry. (Master), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
  • Punch, K. F. (2016). Sosyal Araştırmalara Giriş. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., & Ormston, R. (2013). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. (2nd ed). Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Roberts, C.W. (2020). Text Analysis for the Social Sciences: Methods for Drawing Statistical Inferences from Texts and Transcripts. New York: Routledge.
  • Robson, C. (2015). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri: Gerçek Dünya Araştırması. Şakir Çınkır & Nihan Demirkasımoğlu (çev.) Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Storey, L. (2007). Doing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. In E. Lyons & A. Coyle (Eds.). Analysing Qualitative Data In Psychology. (pp. 51-64). Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Tutar, H., & Erdem, A. T. (2020). Örnekleriyle bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri ve SPSS uygulamaları. (1.baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Van Manen, M. (2014). Phenomenology of practice: Meaning-giving methods in phenomenological research and writing. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
  • Wagner, C., Kawulich, B., & Garner, M. (2012). Doing social research: A global context: London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
  • Walford, G. (2020). Ethnography is not qualitative. Ethnography and Education, 15(1), 122-135.
  • Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology: (3rd ed). England: McGraw-hill Education.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. (12. Bsk). Ankara: Seçkin Yayınları.
  • Yin, R.K. (2014). Case study methods: design and methods (5th ed). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Pazarlama Araştırma Metodolojisi
Bölüm Derleme Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hasan Tutar 0000-0001-8383-1464

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Tutar, H. (2023). Nitel Araştırma Deseni Belirleme Ölçütleri ve Gerekçelendirilmesi. Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 334-355. https://doi.org/10.21180/iibfdkastamonu.1190123