Araştırma Makalesi
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The Place of R&D and Education Policies in South Korea’s Economic Development

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 74, 51 - 64, 12.07.2018

Öz

Undoubtedly, one of the influential factors in the economic development of a country is its educated and skilled human resources. A meaningful relationship between education and level of development has required countries to determine a national science and technology policy. In this context, it would not be wrong to argue that increased intellectual capital, high numbers of published scientific articles, number of patents set in universities and research centers, and expenditures of R&D affect the level of a country’s development in terms of intellectual context. Aiming to create a qualified workforce with the guidance of technology and education, Korea puts this goal into practice by following the innovations in all education levels from primary education to university level and by giving priority to these innovations in most cases. Briefly, the aim of this study is to emphasize that education and R&D policies have been an important driving force behind Korea’s development. 

Kaynakça

  • Amsden, A. H. (1989). Asia’s next giant South Korea and late industrialization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. (2007). Korea: SME technology innovation development program. Retrieved April 10, 2018 from http://www.apec-smeic.org/newsletter/newsletter_read.jsp?SEQ=301
  • Atay, E. (2012). Innovation actors in South Korea: An analysis of university, industry and government research centers. The Journal of Knowledge Economy & Knowledge Management, 7(2), 175‒191.
  • Atay, E. (2013). Kore ve Türkiye’de yönetim. In E. Atay & G. Karsan (Eds.), Türkiye ve Güney Kore’de entelektüel sermaye gelişimi (pp. 127‒159). İstanbul: Avrasya Enstitüsü Yayınları.
  • Çalışır, M., & Gümez, A. (2010). Teknoloji politikaları çerçevesinde ekonomik gelişim: Türkiye– Güney Kore karşılaştırması. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 5(1), 23‒55.
  • Chung, E. Y. J. (2015). Korean Confucianism: Tradition and modernity. Korea: The Academy of Korean Studies Press.
  • Gönel, F. D. (2000). Kore kalkınma deneyimi içerisinde insan gücü sermayesinin rolü ve önemi. Retrieved January 18, 2017 from http://www.arastirmax.com/tr/system/files/dergiler/140013/ makaleler/40/1/arastrmx_140013_40_pp_136-143.pdf
  • Gupta, N., Healey, D. W., Stein, A. M., & Shipp, S. S. (2013) Innovation policies of South Korea. Virginia: Institute for Defense.
  • Keçeli, Y. (2013). Kore ve Türkiye’de yönetim. In E. Atay & G. Karsan (Eds.), Kore ve Türkiye’deki üniversite sistemlerinin kıyaslanması ve Yeongushil kavramı üzerine (pp. 241‒249). İstanbul: Avrasya Enstitüsü Yayınları.
  • Kim, C. K. (2008). Korea’s development policy experience and implications for developing countries. Korea: KIEP Pub.
  • Kim, D. O., & Bae, J. S. (2004). Employment relations and HRM in South Korea. UK: Ashgate Pub. Ltd.
  • Kim, G. J. (2002). Education policies and reform in South Korea, The World Bank. Africa Region Human Development Working Paper Series, 29‒40.
  • Knoema. (2016). World data atlas. Retrieved April 14, 2018 from https://knoema.com/atlas/ RepublicofKorea/topics/ResearchandDevelopment/RandD-Expenditure/Scientific-andtechnical-journal-articles
  • Koh Y. S., & Il, S. K. (Eds.). (2010). The Korean economy: Six decades of growth and development. Korea: Korea Development Institute.
  • Korea Labor Institute. (2017). Population and employment data (Major Economic Indicators Data). Retrieved May 27, 2018 from https://www.kli.re.kr/kli_eng/selectBbsNttList.do?bbsNo=35&key=381
  • Korea Technopark Associations. (2018). Retrieved April 10, 2018 from http://www.technopark.kr/ Korean Council for University Education. (2015). Bringing change and innovation to universities 2015-2016. Seoul: Korean Council for University Education. Retrieved April 13, 2018 from http://english.kcue.or.kr/img/pdf_150518.pdf
  • Kwon, K. S. (2010). Universities’ academic research and knowledge-transfer activities in a catchup country: The case of Korea (Doctoral dissertation). University of Sussex, UK.
  • Lee, C. J. (2006). The development of education in Korea: Past achievement and current challenges. Papr presented at the World Bank East Asia Study Tour for Senior African Education Policy Makers Conference. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EDUCATION/Resources/278200-1121703274255/1439264-1153425508901/Development_Education_Korea.ppt
  • Levent, F., & Gökkaya, Z. (2014). Education policies underlying South Korea’s economic success. Journal Plus Education, 10(1), 275‒291.
  • Ministry of Education. (2017). Education in Korea. Retrieved March 22, 2018 from http://english. moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=282&boardSeq=72461&lev=0&searchType=null&statusYN=W&page=1&s=english&m=0303&opType=N
  • Ministry of Employment and Labor. (2017). Major statistics. Retrieved May 26, 2018 from http:// www.moel.go.kr/english/pas/pasMajor.jsp
  • Ministry of Science and ICT. (2015). The 5th science and technology foresight. Retrieved March 24, 2018 from http://msip.go.kr/SYNAP/skin/doc.html?fn=77108b814b7aca9aeaea00d09d9f9a8c&rs=/ SYNAP/sn3hcv/result/201805/
  • National Library of Korea. (2017). Annual Report of 2016 (Conference of Directors of National Libraries in Asia and Oceania Annual meeting of 2017). Retrieved March 28, 2018 from http:// www.ndl.go.jp/en/cdnlao/meetings/pdf/AR2017_Korea.pdf
  • NTIS. (2014). Statistics of R&D expenditure. Retrieved May 26, 2018 from http://www.ntis.go.kr/ en/GpExpenditureTotal.do
  • Oğuztürk, B. S. (2011). Güney Kore’nin kalkınmasına inovasyonun rolü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 3(5), 48‒53.
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2016). Education at a glance 2016: OECD indicators. Paris: Author. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag2016-en
  • Sleziak, T. (2013). The role of Confucianism in contemporary South Korean society. Rocznik Orientalistyczny/Yearbook of Oriental Studies, 66(1), 27‒46.
  • Suh, J. H. (2010). Empirical analysis of university patenting in Korea. KDI Journal of Economic Policy. http://www.kdi.re.kr/kdi_eng/publication/other_article_policy.jsp?pub_no=11724&art_ no=1977&mcd=002008
  • Tafesse, T. (2014). Public private partnership in development: Lessons in devising legal and institutional framework from South Korea. Public Policy and Administration Research, 3(4), 50‒57.
  • The National Institute for Lifelong Education. (2015). The national institute for lifelong education in Korea (NILE) information booklets. Retrieved March 22, 2018 from http://203.235.44.44:7010/ eng/_upload/7422720160118150034.pdf
  • Times Higher Education. (2018). World university ranking. Retrieved April 9, 2018 from https:// www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/sungkyunkwan-university-skku UNESCO. (2014). From the UNESCO Science Report. Retrieved April 13, 2018 from https:// en.unesco.org/node/252282
  • Usher, A. (2014). The Korean academic credit bank: A model for credit transfer in North America? Toronto: Higher Education Strategy Associates.
  • White Paper. (2014). 2014 white paper on ICT in education Korea. Korea Education and Research Information Service (KERIS). Retrieved December 8, 2015 from http://english.keris.or.kr/ whitepaper/WhitePaper_eng_2014.pdf
  • World Bank. (2016). GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$). Retrieved May 28, 2018 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KR World Intellectual Property Organizations. (2017).
  • World intellectual property indicators 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2018 from http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_941_2017.pdf

Güney Kore’nin Ekonomik Gelişiminde Ar-Ge ve Eğitim Politikalarının Yeri

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 74, 51 - 64, 12.07.2018

Öz

Hiç kuşkusuz ki ülkelerin ekonomik açıdan kalkınmalarının en önemli etkenlerinden biri eğitim ve sahip oldukları nitelikli insan kaynağıdır. Eğitim düzeyi ile kalkınma arasındaki anlamlı ilişki, ülkelerin ulusal bir bilim ve teknoloji politikası belirlemesini zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu bağlamda entelektüel sermayenin arttırılması, daha fazla bilimsel makalenin yayınlanması, üniversite ve araştırma merkezlerinde ortaya koyulan patent sayısının yükselmesi, araştırma ve geliştirme harcamalarının arttırılması ülkelerin insan sermayesi bağlamında gelişmişlik düzeylerinin bir göstergesi olduğunu savunmak yanlış olmayacaktır. Teknoloji ve eğitimin rehberliği ile nitelikli bir işgücü yaratmayı hedefleyen Kore, ilköğretimden üniversiteye kadar tüm eğitim düzeylerindeki yenilikleri takip ederek ve çoğu durumda bu yeniliklere öncelik vererek uygulamaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı özetle, eğitimin ve Ar-Ge politikalarının, Kore’nin gelişiminin ardındaki önemli bir itici güç olduğunu vurgulamaktır. 

Kaynakça

  • Amsden, A. H. (1989). Asia’s next giant South Korea and late industrialization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. (2007). Korea: SME technology innovation development program. Retrieved April 10, 2018 from http://www.apec-smeic.org/newsletter/newsletter_read.jsp?SEQ=301
  • Atay, E. (2012). Innovation actors in South Korea: An analysis of university, industry and government research centers. The Journal of Knowledge Economy & Knowledge Management, 7(2), 175‒191.
  • Atay, E. (2013). Kore ve Türkiye’de yönetim. In E. Atay & G. Karsan (Eds.), Türkiye ve Güney Kore’de entelektüel sermaye gelişimi (pp. 127‒159). İstanbul: Avrasya Enstitüsü Yayınları.
  • Çalışır, M., & Gümez, A. (2010). Teknoloji politikaları çerçevesinde ekonomik gelişim: Türkiye– Güney Kore karşılaştırması. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 5(1), 23‒55.
  • Chung, E. Y. J. (2015). Korean Confucianism: Tradition and modernity. Korea: The Academy of Korean Studies Press.
  • Gönel, F. D. (2000). Kore kalkınma deneyimi içerisinde insan gücü sermayesinin rolü ve önemi. Retrieved January 18, 2017 from http://www.arastirmax.com/tr/system/files/dergiler/140013/ makaleler/40/1/arastrmx_140013_40_pp_136-143.pdf
  • Gupta, N., Healey, D. W., Stein, A. M., & Shipp, S. S. (2013) Innovation policies of South Korea. Virginia: Institute for Defense.
  • Keçeli, Y. (2013). Kore ve Türkiye’de yönetim. In E. Atay & G. Karsan (Eds.), Kore ve Türkiye’deki üniversite sistemlerinin kıyaslanması ve Yeongushil kavramı üzerine (pp. 241‒249). İstanbul: Avrasya Enstitüsü Yayınları.
  • Kim, C. K. (2008). Korea’s development policy experience and implications for developing countries. Korea: KIEP Pub.
  • Kim, D. O., & Bae, J. S. (2004). Employment relations and HRM in South Korea. UK: Ashgate Pub. Ltd.
  • Kim, G. J. (2002). Education policies and reform in South Korea, The World Bank. Africa Region Human Development Working Paper Series, 29‒40.
  • Knoema. (2016). World data atlas. Retrieved April 14, 2018 from https://knoema.com/atlas/ RepublicofKorea/topics/ResearchandDevelopment/RandD-Expenditure/Scientific-andtechnical-journal-articles
  • Koh Y. S., & Il, S. K. (Eds.). (2010). The Korean economy: Six decades of growth and development. Korea: Korea Development Institute.
  • Korea Labor Institute. (2017). Population and employment data (Major Economic Indicators Data). Retrieved May 27, 2018 from https://www.kli.re.kr/kli_eng/selectBbsNttList.do?bbsNo=35&key=381
  • Korea Technopark Associations. (2018). Retrieved April 10, 2018 from http://www.technopark.kr/ Korean Council for University Education. (2015). Bringing change and innovation to universities 2015-2016. Seoul: Korean Council for University Education. Retrieved April 13, 2018 from http://english.kcue.or.kr/img/pdf_150518.pdf
  • Kwon, K. S. (2010). Universities’ academic research and knowledge-transfer activities in a catchup country: The case of Korea (Doctoral dissertation). University of Sussex, UK.
  • Lee, C. J. (2006). The development of education in Korea: Past achievement and current challenges. Papr presented at the World Bank East Asia Study Tour for Senior African Education Policy Makers Conference. Retrieved from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EDUCATION/Resources/278200-1121703274255/1439264-1153425508901/Development_Education_Korea.ppt
  • Levent, F., & Gökkaya, Z. (2014). Education policies underlying South Korea’s economic success. Journal Plus Education, 10(1), 275‒291.
  • Ministry of Education. (2017). Education in Korea. Retrieved March 22, 2018 from http://english. moe.go.kr/boardCnts/view.do?boardID=282&boardSeq=72461&lev=0&searchType=null&statusYN=W&page=1&s=english&m=0303&opType=N
  • Ministry of Employment and Labor. (2017). Major statistics. Retrieved May 26, 2018 from http:// www.moel.go.kr/english/pas/pasMajor.jsp
  • Ministry of Science and ICT. (2015). The 5th science and technology foresight. Retrieved March 24, 2018 from http://msip.go.kr/SYNAP/skin/doc.html?fn=77108b814b7aca9aeaea00d09d9f9a8c&rs=/ SYNAP/sn3hcv/result/201805/
  • National Library of Korea. (2017). Annual Report of 2016 (Conference of Directors of National Libraries in Asia and Oceania Annual meeting of 2017). Retrieved March 28, 2018 from http:// www.ndl.go.jp/en/cdnlao/meetings/pdf/AR2017_Korea.pdf
  • NTIS. (2014). Statistics of R&D expenditure. Retrieved May 26, 2018 from http://www.ntis.go.kr/ en/GpExpenditureTotal.do
  • Oğuztürk, B. S. (2011). Güney Kore’nin kalkınmasına inovasyonun rolü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 3(5), 48‒53.
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2016). Education at a glance 2016: OECD indicators. Paris: Author. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag2016-en
  • Sleziak, T. (2013). The role of Confucianism in contemporary South Korean society. Rocznik Orientalistyczny/Yearbook of Oriental Studies, 66(1), 27‒46.
  • Suh, J. H. (2010). Empirical analysis of university patenting in Korea. KDI Journal of Economic Policy. http://www.kdi.re.kr/kdi_eng/publication/other_article_policy.jsp?pub_no=11724&art_ no=1977&mcd=002008
  • Tafesse, T. (2014). Public private partnership in development: Lessons in devising legal and institutional framework from South Korea. Public Policy and Administration Research, 3(4), 50‒57.
  • The National Institute for Lifelong Education. (2015). The national institute for lifelong education in Korea (NILE) information booklets. Retrieved March 22, 2018 from http://203.235.44.44:7010/ eng/_upload/7422720160118150034.pdf
  • Times Higher Education. (2018). World university ranking. Retrieved April 9, 2018 from https:// www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/sungkyunkwan-university-skku UNESCO. (2014). From the UNESCO Science Report. Retrieved April 13, 2018 from https:// en.unesco.org/node/252282
  • Usher, A. (2014). The Korean academic credit bank: A model for credit transfer in North America? Toronto: Higher Education Strategy Associates.
  • White Paper. (2014). 2014 white paper on ICT in education Korea. Korea Education and Research Information Service (KERIS). Retrieved December 8, 2015 from http://english.keris.or.kr/ whitepaper/WhitePaper_eng_2014.pdf
  • World Bank. (2016). GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$). Retrieved May 28, 2018 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KR World Intellectual Property Organizations. (2017).
  • World intellectual property indicators 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2018 from http://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_941_2017.pdf
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Siyaset Bilimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aslı Kavurmacı

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Temmuz 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Mayıs 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 74

Kaynak Göster

APA Kavurmacı, A. (2018). The Place of R&D and Education Policies in South Korea’s Economic Development. Journal of Social Policy Conferences(74), 51-64.
AMA Kavurmacı A. The Place of R&D and Education Policies in South Korea’s Economic Development. Journal of Social Policy Conferences. Temmuz 2018;(74):51-64.
Chicago Kavurmacı, Aslı. “The Place of R&D and Education Policies in South Korea’s Economic Development”. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, sy. 74 (Temmuz 2018): 51-64.
EndNote Kavurmacı A (01 Temmuz 2018) The Place of R&D and Education Policies in South Korea’s Economic Development. Journal of Social Policy Conferences 74 51–64.
IEEE A. Kavurmacı, “The Place of R&D and Education Policies in South Korea’s Economic Development”, Journal of Social Policy Conferences, sy. 74, ss. 51–64, Temmuz 2018.
ISNAD Kavurmacı, Aslı. “The Place of R&D and Education Policies in South Korea’s Economic Development”. Journal of Social Policy Conferences 74 (Temmuz 2018), 51-64.
JAMA Kavurmacı A. The Place of R&D and Education Policies in South Korea’s Economic Development. Journal of Social Policy Conferences. 2018;:51–64.
MLA Kavurmacı, Aslı. “The Place of R&D and Education Policies in South Korea’s Economic Development”. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, sy. 74, 2018, ss. 51-64.
Vancouver Kavurmacı A. The Place of R&D and Education Policies in South Korea’s Economic Development. Journal of Social Policy Conferences. 2018(74):51-64.