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Human Factors in Air Cargo Operations: An Analysis Using HFACS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 101 - 114, 30.08.2020

Bilal Kılıc Selen Gundogdu

Öz

Human factors are the primary causal factor of freight-aircraft accidents. Despite the sustained safety improvements in civil aviation, the number of accidents in air cargo transportation remains stubbornly high. The present paper aims to classify the causal factors of freight-aircraft accidents. In this study, we examined investigation reports of 15 freight-aircraft accidents occurred over the past decade. For the analysis of causal factors, HFACS (Human Factors Analysing and Classification System) was used as a comprehensive human error framework. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that examined the causal factors of freight-aircraft accidents by using HFACS. Based on the results, skill-based errors were the primary contributing factors, followed by inadequate supervision and technological environment as the second and third most significant contributing factors. The results presented here may provide important insights into the causality of freight-aircraft accidents and help organizations (e.g., airlines and air-cargo operators) and individuals (e.g., pilots, loadmasters, and ground handling staff) to prevent similar occurrences in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

human factors accident investigation HFACS Air Cargo

Teşekkür

We would like to express our deep gratitude to the National Transportation Safety Board for providing accident reports upon which the HFACS analysis was performed.

Kaynakça

  • Aas, A.L. (2008, 3-5 December). The Human Factors Assessment and Classification System (HFACS) for the Oil & Gas Industry, International Petroleum Technology Conference, (pp. 1-10) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
  • Air Cargo World (2017). Freight 50: Top 50 Carriers Chart, https://aircargoworld.com/news/stakeholders/carriers/freight-50-top-50-carriers-chart/ (accessed 4.30.20).
  • Allaz, C. (2005). The History of Air Cargo and Airmail from the 18th Century. Gardners Books.
  • Ancel, E. and Shih, A.T. (2012, 17-19 September). The Analysis of the Contribution of Human Factors to the In-flight Loss of Control Accidents. 12th AIAA Aviat. Technol. Integr. Oper. Conf. 14th AIAA/ISSMO Multidiscip. Anal. Optim. Conf. (pp. 1–13) Indianapolis, Indiana.
  • ATSB (2004). Human factors analysis of Australian aviation accidents and comparison with the United States, https://www.atsb.gov.au/media/29953/b20040321.pdf (accessed 4.30.20).
  • BAA Training (2018). The Differences Between Passenger and Cargo Pilots, https://www.baatraining.com/the-differences-between-passenger-and-cargo-pilots/ (accessed 5.1.20).
  • Bartodziej, P., Derigs, U., Malcherek, D., and Vogel, U. (2009). Models and algorithms for solving combined vehicle and crew scheduling problems with rest constraints : an application to road feeder service planning in air cargo transportation. OR Spectr. 31, 405–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-007-0110-7
  • Boeing (2018). World Air Cargo Forecast 2018-2037. SEATTLE, https://www.boeing.com/commercial/market/cargo-forecast/ (accessed 5.1.20).
  • Boquet, A., Detwiler, C., and Shappell, S. (2004). A human factors analysis of U.S. emergency medical transport accidents. Air Med. J. 23, 34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2004.08.014
  • Caldwell, J.A. (2012). Crew Schedules, Sleep Deprivation, and Aviation Performance. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 21, 85–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411435842
  • Celik, M. and Cebi, S. (2009). Analytical HFACS for investigating human errors in shipping accidents. Accid. Anal. Prev. 41, 66–75.
  • Chang, Y., Yeh, C., and Wang, S. (2007). A survey and optimization-based evaluation of development strategies for the air cargo industry. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 106, 550–562.
  • Chauvin, C., Lardjane, S., Morel, G., Clostermann, J.P., and Langard, B. (2013). Human and organisational factors in maritime accidents: Analysis of collisions at sea using the HFACS. Accid. Anal. Prev. 59, 26–37.
  • Cline, P.E. (2018). Human Error Analysis of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) Accidents Using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). J. Aviat. Educ. Res. 28, 43–62. https://doi.org/10.15394/jaaer.2018.1758
  • Daramola, A.Y. (2014). An investigation of air accidents in Nigeria using the Human Factors Analysis and Classi fi cation System (HFACS) framework. J. Air Transp. Manag. 35, 39–50.
  • Diller, T., Helmrich, G., Dunning, S., Cox, S., Buchanan, A., and Shappell, S. (2014). The Human Factors Analysis Classification System (HFACS) Applied to Health Care. Am. J. Med. Qual. 29, 181–190.
  • El Bardissi, A.W., Wiegmann, D.A., Dearani, J.A., Daly, R.C., and Sundt, T.M. (2007). Application of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System Methodology to the Cardiovascular Surgery Operating Room. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 83, 1412–1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.11.002
  • Elias, B. (2009). Airport and Aviation Security U.S. Policy and Strategy in the Age of Global Terrorism, 1st ed. CRC Press
  • Feng, B., Li, Y. and Shen, Z.J.M. (2015). Air cargo operations: Literature review and comparison with practices. Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol. 56, 263–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2015.03.028
  • Filho, A.P.G., Souza, C., Siqueira, E., Anderson, M., and Vasconcelos, T. (2019). Human Factors and Helicopter Accidents: An Analysis Using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), in: Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation-AHFE 2018-Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. (pp. 339–350).vol 786, Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93885-1
  • Flight Safety Foundation (2020). Statistics-Flight Nature, Aviat. Saf. Netw., https://aviation-safety.net/statistics/nature/stats.php (accessed 4.10.20).
  • Fu, L., Wang, X., Liu, B., and Li, L. (2020). Investigation into the role of human and organizational factors in security work against terrorism at large-scale events. Saf. Sci. 128, 104764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104764
  • Havle, C.A. and Kilic, B. (2018, November 28-29-30 ). An Analysis of Stress Sources in the Cockpit of Trainer Aircraft By Using Ahp Method: the Stress Factors of Ab-Initio Pilots, in: ICOAEF’18 IV. International Conference on Applied Economics and Finance & EXTENDED WITH SOCIAL SCIENCES, (p. 85) Kuşadası, Turkey.
  • Havle, C.A. and Kılıç, B. (2019). A hybrid approach based on the fuzzy AHP and HFACS framework for identifying and analyzing gross navigation errors during transatlantic flights. J. Air Transp. Manag. 76, 21–30.
  • Hoffman, B. (1998). Aviation security and terrorism: An analysis of the potential threat to air cargo integrators. Terror. Polit. Violence 10, 54–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546559808427469
  • Huang, S.-H.S., Hsu, W.-K.K., and Chen, J.-W. (2019). A safety evaluation system based on a revised fuzzy AHP for dangerous goods in airfreights. J. Transp. Saf. Secur. 0, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2018.1519624
  • IATA (2020a). Safety Report 2019. Montreal, https://www.iata.org/en/publications/safety-report/ (accessed 5.1.20).
  • IATA (2020b). Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) Dangerous goods (including alcohol based sanitizers) guidance for Operators – 07 March 2020, https://www.iata.org/contentassets/90f8038b0eea42069554b2f4530f49ea/covid-19-dangerous-goods-guidance.pdf (accessed 5.1.20).
  • IATA (2019). WATS-World Air Transport Statistics 2019. Montreal, https://www.airlines.iata.org/data/in-numbers-world-air-transport-statistics-2019 (accessed 5.1.20).
  • IATA (2018a). AIR FREIGHT MARKET ANALYSIS-December 2018, https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-freight-monthly-analysis---dec-2018/ (accessed 5.1.20).
  • IATA (2018b). The cargo facility of the future, Airlines-Analysis, https://airlines.iata.org/analysis/the-cargo-facility-of-the-future (accessed 4.13.20).
  • IATA (2015). The Value of Air Cargo Makes it Happen, https://www.iata.org/contentassets/62bae061c05b429ea508cb0c49907c4c/air-cargo-brochure.pdf (accessed 4.30.20).
  • ICAO (2015). Impact of Air Cargo Services on Economic Development, https://www.icao.int/Security/aircargo/Documents/AirCargo_EconomicDevelopment.pdf (accessed 4.30.20).
  • Jackman, F. (2020). Air cargo industry suffered six fatal accidents in 2019, Freight Waves., https://www.freightwaves.com/news/air-cargo-industry-suffered-six-fatal-accidents-in-2019 (accessed 4.12.20).
  • Kasarda, J.D. and Green, J.D. (2005). Air cargo as an economic development engine: A note on opportunities and constraints. J. Air Transp. Manag. 11, 459–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2005.06.002
  • Kilic, B. (2020). The Analysis of Hot-Air Balloon Accidents by Human Factor Analysis and Classification System. J. Aeronaut. Sp. Technol. 13, 17–24.
  • Kilic, B. (2019). HFACS Analysis for Investigating Human Errors in Flight Training Accidents. J. Aviat. 3, 28–37.
  • Kilic, B. and Soran, S. (2020). Awareness level of airline pilots on flight-associated venous thromboembolism. Aerosp. Med. Hum. Perform. 91, 1–5.
  • Lenné, M.G., Salmon, P.M., Liu, C.C., and Trotter, M. (2012). A systems approach to accident causation in mining: An application of the HFACS method. Accid. Anal. Prev. 48, 111–117.
  • Leung, L.C., Van Hui, Y., Wang, Y., and Chen, G. (2009). A 0-1 LP model for the integration and consolidation of air cargo shipments. Oper. Res. 57, 402–412. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.1080.0583
  • Li, W.C., Harris, D., and Yu, C.S. (2008). Routes to failure: Analysis of 41 civil aviation accidents from the Republic of China using the human factors analysis and classification system. Accid. Anal. Prev. 40, 426–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.07.011
  • Matthews, R.A. and Kauzlarich, D. (2000). The Crash of Valujet Flight 592: A Case Study in State-Corporate Crime. Sociol. Focus, 33, 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2000.10571171
  • Mizrak, K.C. and Mizrak, F. (2020). The Impact of Crew Resource Management on Reducing the Accidents in Civil Aviation. J. Aviat. Res. 2, 1–25.
  • Reason, J.T. (1990). Human Error. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Shappell, S., Detwiler, C., Holcomb, K., Hackworth, C., Boquet, A., and Wiegmann, D. (2006). Human Error and Commercial Aviation Accidents : A Comprehensive , Fine- Office of Aerospace Medicine Human Error and Commercial Aviation Accidents : A Comprehensive , Fine-Grained Analysis Using HFACS Scott Shappell.
  • Shappell, S., Detwiler, C., Holcomb, K., Hackworth, C., Boquet, A., and Wiegmann, D.A. (2017). Human Error and Commercial Aviation Accidents: An Analysis Using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System. Hum. Factors J. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. 49, 227–242.
  • Shappell, S. and Wiegmann, D. (2000). The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System – HFACS, FAA-Office of Aviation Medicine.
  • Shappell, S.A. and Wiegmann, D.A. (1997). A Human Error Approach to Accident Investigation : The Taxonomy of Unsafe Operations. Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. 7, 269–291.
  • Vincoli, J.W. (2014). Management Oversight and Risk Tree, in: Basic Guide to System Safety.(pp. 157-165). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Waterson, P., Jenkins, D.P., Salmon, P.M., and Underwood, P. (2017). ‘ Remixing Rasmussen ’ : The evolution of Accimaps within systemic accident analysis. Appl. Ergon. 59, 483–503.
  • Wiegmann, D.A. and Shappell, S.A. (2003). A Human Error Approach to Aviation Accident Analysis-The Human Factors Anaysis and Classification System. Ashgate Publishing Company, Burlington, Vermont,USA.
  • Wiegmann, D.A. and Shappell, S.A. (2001). Applying the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) to the analysis of commercial aviation accident data, in: 11th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology.
  • Xia, N., Zou, P.X.W., Liu, X., Wang, X., and Zhu, R. (2018). A hybrid BN-HFACS model for predicting safety performance in construction projects. Saf. Sci. 101, 332–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.09.025
  • Zhan, Q., Zheng, W., and Zhao, B. (2017). A hybrid human and organizational analysis method for railway accidents based on HFACS-Railway Accidents (HFACS-RAs). Saf. Sci. 91, 232–250.

Hava Kargo Operasyonlarında İnsan Faktörleri: HFACS ile Bir Analizi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 101 - 114, 30.08.2020

Bilal Kılıc Selen Gundogdu

Öz

İnsan faktörü kargo uçağı kazalarına sebep olan başlıca faktörlerdendir. Sivil havacılıktaki aralıksız emniyet gelişmelerine rağmen, hava kargo taşımacılığında meydana gelen kazaların sayısı inatla yüksek seviyelerdedir. Bu makalenin amacı kargo uçağı kazalarına sebep veren faktörleri sınıflandırmaktır. Bu çalışmada, son 10 yıl içinde meydana gelen 15 kargo uçağı kazası incelenmiştir. Kazalara sebep olan faktörlerin analizi için kapsamlı bir insan faktörleri analiz aracı olan HFACS kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma bildiğimiz kadarıyla kargo uçakları kazalarını HFACS ile inceleyen ilk çalışma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kazalara sebep veren faktörler arasında birincil faktör olarak yetenek hataları bulunmuştur. Yetersiz yönetim ve teknolojik çevre ise ikinci ve üçüncü en yüksek oranlara sahip faktörlerdir. Burada sunulan bulgular kargo uçaklarının kazalarına sebep veren faktörlerin iç yüzünün anlaşılmasını sağlayabilir ve şirketlerin (örn. havayolları ve hava kargo şirketleri) ve kişilerin (örn. pilotlar, kargo yükleme uzmanları ve yer hizmetleri görevlileri) benzer kazaları önlemelerine yardımcı olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaza Araştırmaları İnsan Faktörleri HFACS Hava Kargo

Kaynakça

  • Aas, A.L. (2008, 3-5 December). The Human Factors Assessment and Classification System (HFACS) for the Oil & Gas Industry, International Petroleum Technology Conference, (pp. 1-10) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
  • Air Cargo World (2017). Freight 50: Top 50 Carriers Chart, https://aircargoworld.com/news/stakeholders/carriers/freight-50-top-50-carriers-chart/ (accessed 4.30.20).
  • Allaz, C. (2005). The History of Air Cargo and Airmail from the 18th Century. Gardners Books.
  • Ancel, E. and Shih, A.T. (2012, 17-19 September). The Analysis of the Contribution of Human Factors to the In-flight Loss of Control Accidents. 12th AIAA Aviat. Technol. Integr. Oper. Conf. 14th AIAA/ISSMO Multidiscip. Anal. Optim. Conf. (pp. 1–13) Indianapolis, Indiana.
  • ATSB (2004). Human factors analysis of Australian aviation accidents and comparison with the United States, https://www.atsb.gov.au/media/29953/b20040321.pdf (accessed 4.30.20).
  • BAA Training (2018). The Differences Between Passenger and Cargo Pilots, https://www.baatraining.com/the-differences-between-passenger-and-cargo-pilots/ (accessed 5.1.20).
  • Bartodziej, P., Derigs, U., Malcherek, D., and Vogel, U. (2009). Models and algorithms for solving combined vehicle and crew scheduling problems with rest constraints : an application to road feeder service planning in air cargo transportation. OR Spectr. 31, 405–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-007-0110-7
  • Boeing (2018). World Air Cargo Forecast 2018-2037. SEATTLE, https://www.boeing.com/commercial/market/cargo-forecast/ (accessed 5.1.20).
  • Boquet, A., Detwiler, C., and Shappell, S. (2004). A human factors analysis of U.S. emergency medical transport accidents. Air Med. J. 23, 34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amj.2004.08.014
  • Caldwell, J.A. (2012). Crew Schedules, Sleep Deprivation, and Aviation Performance. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 21, 85–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411435842
  • Celik, M. and Cebi, S. (2009). Analytical HFACS for investigating human errors in shipping accidents. Accid. Anal. Prev. 41, 66–75.
  • Chang, Y., Yeh, C., and Wang, S. (2007). A survey and optimization-based evaluation of development strategies for the air cargo industry. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 106, 550–562.
  • Chauvin, C., Lardjane, S., Morel, G., Clostermann, J.P., and Langard, B. (2013). Human and organisational factors in maritime accidents: Analysis of collisions at sea using the HFACS. Accid. Anal. Prev. 59, 26–37.
  • Cline, P.E. (2018). Human Error Analysis of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) Accidents Using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). J. Aviat. Educ. Res. 28, 43–62. https://doi.org/10.15394/jaaer.2018.1758
  • Daramola, A.Y. (2014). An investigation of air accidents in Nigeria using the Human Factors Analysis and Classi fi cation System (HFACS) framework. J. Air Transp. Manag. 35, 39–50.
  • Diller, T., Helmrich, G., Dunning, S., Cox, S., Buchanan, A., and Shappell, S. (2014). The Human Factors Analysis Classification System (HFACS) Applied to Health Care. Am. J. Med. Qual. 29, 181–190.
  • El Bardissi, A.W., Wiegmann, D.A., Dearani, J.A., Daly, R.C., and Sundt, T.M. (2007). Application of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System Methodology to the Cardiovascular Surgery Operating Room. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 83, 1412–1419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.11.002
  • Elias, B. (2009). Airport and Aviation Security U.S. Policy and Strategy in the Age of Global Terrorism, 1st ed. CRC Press
  • Feng, B., Li, Y. and Shen, Z.J.M. (2015). Air cargo operations: Literature review and comparison with practices. Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol. 56, 263–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2015.03.028
  • Filho, A.P.G., Souza, C., Siqueira, E., Anderson, M., and Vasconcelos, T. (2019). Human Factors and Helicopter Accidents: An Analysis Using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), in: Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation-AHFE 2018-Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. (pp. 339–350).vol 786, Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93885-1
  • Flight Safety Foundation (2020). Statistics-Flight Nature, Aviat. Saf. Netw., https://aviation-safety.net/statistics/nature/stats.php (accessed 4.10.20).
  • Fu, L., Wang, X., Liu, B., and Li, L. (2020). Investigation into the role of human and organizational factors in security work against terrorism at large-scale events. Saf. Sci. 128, 104764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104764
  • Havle, C.A. and Kilic, B. (2018, November 28-29-30 ). An Analysis of Stress Sources in the Cockpit of Trainer Aircraft By Using Ahp Method: the Stress Factors of Ab-Initio Pilots, in: ICOAEF’18 IV. International Conference on Applied Economics and Finance & EXTENDED WITH SOCIAL SCIENCES, (p. 85) Kuşadası, Turkey.
  • Havle, C.A. and Kılıç, B. (2019). A hybrid approach based on the fuzzy AHP and HFACS framework for identifying and analyzing gross navigation errors during transatlantic flights. J. Air Transp. Manag. 76, 21–30.
  • Hoffman, B. (1998). Aviation security and terrorism: An analysis of the potential threat to air cargo integrators. Terror. Polit. Violence 10, 54–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546559808427469
  • Huang, S.-H.S., Hsu, W.-K.K., and Chen, J.-W. (2019). A safety evaluation system based on a revised fuzzy AHP for dangerous goods in airfreights. J. Transp. Saf. Secur. 0, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2018.1519624
  • IATA (2020a). Safety Report 2019. Montreal, https://www.iata.org/en/publications/safety-report/ (accessed 5.1.20).
  • IATA (2020b). Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) Dangerous goods (including alcohol based sanitizers) guidance for Operators – 07 March 2020, https://www.iata.org/contentassets/90f8038b0eea42069554b2f4530f49ea/covid-19-dangerous-goods-guidance.pdf (accessed 5.1.20).
  • IATA (2019). WATS-World Air Transport Statistics 2019. Montreal, https://www.airlines.iata.org/data/in-numbers-world-air-transport-statistics-2019 (accessed 5.1.20).
  • IATA (2018a). AIR FREIGHT MARKET ANALYSIS-December 2018, https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/air-freight-monthly-analysis---dec-2018/ (accessed 5.1.20).
  • IATA (2018b). The cargo facility of the future, Airlines-Analysis, https://airlines.iata.org/analysis/the-cargo-facility-of-the-future (accessed 4.13.20).
  • IATA (2015). The Value of Air Cargo Makes it Happen, https://www.iata.org/contentassets/62bae061c05b429ea508cb0c49907c4c/air-cargo-brochure.pdf (accessed 4.30.20).
  • ICAO (2015). Impact of Air Cargo Services on Economic Development, https://www.icao.int/Security/aircargo/Documents/AirCargo_EconomicDevelopment.pdf (accessed 4.30.20).
  • Jackman, F. (2020). Air cargo industry suffered six fatal accidents in 2019, Freight Waves., https://www.freightwaves.com/news/air-cargo-industry-suffered-six-fatal-accidents-in-2019 (accessed 4.12.20).
  • Kasarda, J.D. and Green, J.D. (2005). Air cargo as an economic development engine: A note on opportunities and constraints. J. Air Transp. Manag. 11, 459–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2005.06.002
  • Kilic, B. (2020). The Analysis of Hot-Air Balloon Accidents by Human Factor Analysis and Classification System. J. Aeronaut. Sp. Technol. 13, 17–24.
  • Kilic, B. (2019). HFACS Analysis for Investigating Human Errors in Flight Training Accidents. J. Aviat. 3, 28–37.
  • Kilic, B. and Soran, S. (2020). Awareness level of airline pilots on flight-associated venous thromboembolism. Aerosp. Med. Hum. Perform. 91, 1–5.
  • Lenné, M.G., Salmon, P.M., Liu, C.C., and Trotter, M. (2012). A systems approach to accident causation in mining: An application of the HFACS method. Accid. Anal. Prev. 48, 111–117.
  • Leung, L.C., Van Hui, Y., Wang, Y., and Chen, G. (2009). A 0-1 LP model for the integration and consolidation of air cargo shipments. Oper. Res. 57, 402–412. https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.1080.0583
  • Li, W.C., Harris, D., and Yu, C.S. (2008). Routes to failure: Analysis of 41 civil aviation accidents from the Republic of China using the human factors analysis and classification system. Accid. Anal. Prev. 40, 426–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.07.011
  • Matthews, R.A. and Kauzlarich, D. (2000). The Crash of Valujet Flight 592: A Case Study in State-Corporate Crime. Sociol. Focus, 33, 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380237.2000.10571171
  • Mizrak, K.C. and Mizrak, F. (2020). The Impact of Crew Resource Management on Reducing the Accidents in Civil Aviation. J. Aviat. Res. 2, 1–25.
  • Reason, J.T. (1990). Human Error. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Shappell, S., Detwiler, C., Holcomb, K., Hackworth, C., Boquet, A., and Wiegmann, D. (2006). Human Error and Commercial Aviation Accidents : A Comprehensive , Fine- Office of Aerospace Medicine Human Error and Commercial Aviation Accidents : A Comprehensive , Fine-Grained Analysis Using HFACS Scott Shappell.
  • Shappell, S., Detwiler, C., Holcomb, K., Hackworth, C., Boquet, A., and Wiegmann, D.A. (2017). Human Error and Commercial Aviation Accidents: An Analysis Using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System. Hum. Factors J. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. 49, 227–242.
  • Shappell, S. and Wiegmann, D. (2000). The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System – HFACS, FAA-Office of Aviation Medicine.
  • Shappell, S.A. and Wiegmann, D.A. (1997). A Human Error Approach to Accident Investigation : The Taxonomy of Unsafe Operations. Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. 7, 269–291.
  • Vincoli, J.W. (2014). Management Oversight and Risk Tree, in: Basic Guide to System Safety.(pp. 157-165). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Waterson, P., Jenkins, D.P., Salmon, P.M., and Underwood, P. (2017). ‘ Remixing Rasmussen ’ : The evolution of Accimaps within systemic accident analysis. Appl. Ergon. 59, 483–503.
  • Wiegmann, D.A. and Shappell, S.A. (2003). A Human Error Approach to Aviation Accident Analysis-The Human Factors Anaysis and Classification System. Ashgate Publishing Company, Burlington, Vermont,USA.
  • Wiegmann, D.A. and Shappell, S.A. (2001). Applying the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) to the analysis of commercial aviation accident data, in: 11th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology.
  • Xia, N., Zou, P.X.W., Liu, X., Wang, X., and Zhu, R. (2018). A hybrid BN-HFACS model for predicting safety performance in construction projects. Saf. Sci. 101, 332–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.09.025
  • Zhan, Q., Zheng, W., and Zhao, B. (2017). A hybrid human and organizational analysis method for railway accidents based on HFACS-Railway Accidents (HFACS-RAs). Saf. Sci. 91, 232–250.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uzay Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Bilal Kılıc 0000-0002-3773-6682

Selen Gundogdu Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-3556-2009

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ağustos 2020
Kabul Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılıc, B., & Gundogdu, S. (2020). Human Factors in Air Cargo Operations: An Analysis Using HFACS. Journal of Aviation Research, 2(2), 101-114.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

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