How Can an Ab-Initio Pilot Avert a Future Disaster: A Pedagogical Approach to Reduce The Likelihood of Future Failure

Bilal Kılıç; Semih Soran

doi:10.30518/jav.508336

Araştırma Makalesi

How can an ab-initio pilot avert a future disaster: a pedagogical approach to reduce the likelihood of future failure

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 14, 23.06.2019

Bilal Kılıç Semih Soran

https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.508336

Cited By: 11

Öz

Safety is the primary concern of the civil aviation industry. This study aimed to explore the importance of learning from failures and improving the future performance of students by teaching this notion during an undergraduate course in the curriculum of the pilot training program. A questionnaire study was conducted with students of the pilot training program of the Faculty of Aviation and Aeronautical Science after the completion of a newly introduced elective undergraduate course, Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation. Furthermore, for the first time, the contributing factors in accidents and incidents were analyzed and classified in an undergraduate pilot training program by using the Human Factors Classification and Analysis System (HFACS) as an analytical framework. The objective of the study was to find out if the “aspects of the accident investigation course at universities” were effective on “Technical Pilot Skills,” “Non-Technical Pilot Skills” and “Program-Specific Outcomes.” Correlation and Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for this purpose. In the regression analysis, the variables were entered into the model and controlled. The results showed that the aspects of the accident investigation course improved technical and non-technical skills of the students, as well as their program-specific outcomes, and they were actively encouraged to extend their knowledge and skills beyond that required for the Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL). It was revealed that this new undergraduate course does not only help learn the importance of non-technical skills (Crew Resource Management, Situational Awareness, etc.) but also develops and improves the technical abilities of ab-initio pilots.

Anahtar Kelimeler

accident investigation, organization, pilot training, Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), learning from accidents

Kaynakça

[1] Boeing, “Current market outlook 2017-2036,” 2017.
[2] D. K. Adjekum, “Safety Culture Perceptions in a Collegiate Aviation Program : A Systematic Assessment,” vol. 2, pp. 44–56, 2014.
[3] Y. H. Chang, H. H. Yang, and Y. J. Hsiao, “Human risk factors associated with pilots in runway excursions,” Accid. Anal. Prev., vol. 94, pp. 227–237, 2016.
[4] CAA, “A strategy for human factors in civil aviation 2014-15,” London, 2014.
[5] E. Kim and M. Rhee, “How airlines learn from airline accidents: An empirical study of how attributed errors and performance feedback affect learning from failure,” J. Air Transp. Manag., vol. 58, pp. 135–143, 2017.
[6] Airbus, “A Statistical Analysis of Commercial Aviation Accidents 1958-2016,” 2017.
[7] ICAO, “A Coordinated , Risk-based Approach to Improving Global Aviation Safety,” 2014.
[8] M. Uramatsu, Y. Fujisawa, S. Mizuno, T. Souma, A. Komatsubara, and T. Miki, “Do failures in non-technical skills contribute to fatal medical accidents in Japan? A review of the 2010-2013 national accident reports,” BMJ Open, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1–7, 2017.
[9] Flin R; O’Connor P; Crichton M., Safety at the sharp end: a guide to non-technical skills. Surrey. England: Ashgate-CRC Press, 2008.
[10] P. Shank, Practice and Feedback for Deeper Learning: 26 evidence-based and easy-to-apply tactics that promote deeper learning and application. Learning Peaks LLC, 2017.
[11] A. Jacobsson, Å. Ek, and R. Akselsson, “Method for evaluating learning from incidents using the idea of ‘level of learning,’” J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 333–343, 2011.
[12] J. Rasmussen and K. K. J. Vicente, “Coping with Human Errors through System-Design - Implications for Ecological Interface Design,” Int. J. Man. Mach. Stud., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 517–534, 1989.
[13] F. Størseth and R. K. Tinmannsvik, “The critical re-action: Learning from accidents,” Saf. Sci., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1977–1982, 2012.
[14] J. Hovden, F. Størseth, and R. K. Tinmannsvik, “Multilevel learning from accidents - Case studies in transport,” Saf. Sci., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 98–105, 2011.
[15] E. Okstad, E. Jersin, and R. K. Tinmannsvik, “Accident investigation in the Norwegian petroleum industry – Common features and future challenges,” Saf. Sci., vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 1408–1414, 2012.
[16] M. A. Sujan, H. Huang, and J. Braithwaite, “Learning from incidents in health care: Critique from a Safety-II perspective,” Saf. Sci., vol. 99, pp. 115–121, 2017.
[17] R. Moura, M. Beer, E. Patelli, and J. Lewis, “Learning from major accidents: Graphical representation and analysis of multi-attribute events to enhance risk communication,” Saf. Sci., vol. 99, pp. 58–70, 2017.
[18] L. Brodie, B. Lyndal, and I. J. Elias, “Heavy vehicle driver fatalities: Learning’s from fatal road crash investigations in Victoria,” Accid. Anal. Prev., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 557–564, 2009.
[19] J. Nixon and G. R. Braithwaite, “What do aircraft accident investigators do and what makes them good at it ? Developing a competency framework for investigators using grounded theory,” Saf. Sci., vol. 103, no. April, pp. 153–161, 2017.
[20] AAIB, “About us,” 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/air-accidents-investigation-branch/about. [Accessed: 17-Jun-2018].
[21] CAA, “CAP719 Fundamental Human Factors Concepts,” 2002.
[22] NTSB, “A review of flightcrew-involved major accidents of U.S. air carriers, 1978 through 1990,” Washington, 1994.
[23] ICAO, “Human Factors Digest: Investigation of Human Factors in Accidents and Incidents,” Montreal, 1993.
[24] F. H. Hawkins, Human Factors in Flight, 3rd ed. England: Avebury Technical, 1993.
[25] J. T. Reason, Human Error. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
[26] S. A. Shappell and D. A. Wiegmann, “A Human Error Approach to Accident Investigation : The Taxonomy of Unsafe Operations A Human Error Approach to Accident Investigation : The Taxonomy of Unsafe Operations,” Int. J. Aviat. Psychol., vol. 7, pp. 269–291, 1997.
[27] D. A. Wiegman, A Human Error Approach to Aviation Accident Analysis: the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System. Ashgate, Aldershot, UK. Aldershot,UK: Ashgate, 2003.
[28] K. Dönmez and S. Uslu, “İnsan Faktörleri Analiz ve Sınıflandırma Sistemi’nin (HFACS) Literatürde Yaygın Kullanımının Değerlendirilmesi-Evaluation of the Widespread Use of Human Factors Analysis and Classification System ( HFACS) in Literature,” J. Aviat., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 156–176, 2018.
[29] Cranfield University, “Cranfield University : Fundamentals of Accident Investigation,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.cranfield.ac.uk/courses/short/transport-systems/fundamentals-of-accident-investigation. [Accessed: 13-Apr-2018].
[30] Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, “Certificate of Management in Aviation Safety- Aircraft Accident Investigation and Management,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://proed.erau.edu/courses/accident-investigation. [Accessed: 13-Apr-2018].
[31] University of Windsor, “Accident Investigation Training,” 2018. [Online]. Available: http://www1.uwindsor.ca/safety/accidentinvestigation. [Accessed: 13-Apr-2018].
[32] NTSB, “NTSB Aicraft Accident Investigation Course,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ntsb.gov/Training_Center/Pages/AS101_2017.aspx. [Accessed: 13-Apr-2018].
[33] FAA, “FAA Aircraft Accident Investigaton International Course Catalog,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.academy.jccbi.gov/catalog/international/contents/accidentinvestigation.html. [Accessed: 13-Apr-2018].
[34] ICAO, “ICAO Doc 9995 Manual of Evidence-based Training,” 2013.
[35] R. Flin et al., “Development of the NOTECHS (non-technical skills) system for assessing pilots’ CRM skills,” Hum. Factors Aerosp. Saf., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 95–117, 2003.
[36] NTSB, “NTSB-Aviation Accident Data Summary-United Airline Flight 232,” 1989.
[37] CAA, “Global Fatal Accident Review 2002 to 2011.,” 2013.
[38] S. J. Hong, K. S. Lee, E. S. Seol, and S. Young, “Safety perceptions of training pilots based on training institution and experience,” J. Air Transp. Manag., vol. 55, pp. 213–221, 2016.
[39] E. Salas, C. S. Burke, C. A. Bowers, K. A. Wilson, and C. Florida, “Team Training in the Skies : Does Crew Resource Management ( CRM ) Training Work ?,” Hum. Factors, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 641–674, 2001.
[40] ICAO, ANNEX 13 Air Accident and Incident Investigation. 2016.

How Can an Ab-Initio Pilot Avert a Future Disaster: A Pedagogical Approach to Reduce The Likelihood of Future Failure

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 14, 23.06.2019

Bilal Kılıç Semih Soran

https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.508336

Cited By: 11

Öz

Safety is the primary concern of the civil aviation industry. This study aimed to explore the importance of learning from failures and improving the future performance of students by teaching this notion during an undergraduate course in the curriculum of the pilot training program. A questionnaire study was conducted with students of the pilot training program of the Faculty of Aviation and Aeronautical Science after the completion of a newly introduced elective undergraduate course, Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation. Furthermore, for the first time, the contributing factors in accidents and incidents were analyzed and classified in an undergraduate pilot training program by using the Human Factors Classification and Analysis System (HFACS) as an analytical framework. The objective of the study was to find out if the “aspects of the accident investigation course at universities” were effective on “Technical Pilot Skills,” “NonTechnical Pilot Skills” and “Program-Specific Outcomes.” Correlation and Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for this purpose. In the regression analysis, the variables were entered into the model and controlled. The results showed that the aspects of the accident investigation course improved technical and non-technical skills of the students, as well as their program-specific outcomes, and they were actively encouraged to extend their knowledge and skills beyond that required for the Airline Transport Pilot License (ATPL). It was revealed that this new undergraduate course does not only help learn the importance of non-technical skills (Crew Resource Management, Situational Awareness, etc.) but also develops and improves the technical abilities of ab-initio pilots.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Accident investigation, organization, pilot training, Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), air transportation

Kaynakça

[1] Boeing, “Current market outlook 2017-2036,” 2017.
[2] D. K. Adjekum, “Safety Culture Perceptions in a Collegiate Aviation Program : A Systematic Assessment,” vol. 2, pp. 44–56, 2014.
[3] Y. H. Chang, H. H. Yang, and Y. J. Hsiao, “Human risk factors associated with pilots in runway excursions,” Accid. Anal. Prev., vol. 94, pp. 227–237, 2016.
[4] CAA, “A strategy for human factors in civil aviation 2014-15,” London, 2014.
[5] E. Kim and M. Rhee, “How airlines learn from airline accidents: An empirical study of how attributed errors and performance feedback affect learning from failure,” J. Air Transp. Manag., vol. 58, pp. 135–143, 2017.
[6] Airbus, “A Statistical Analysis of Commercial Aviation Accidents 1958-2016,” 2017.
[7] ICAO, “A Coordinated , Risk-based Approach to Improving Global Aviation Safety,” 2014.
[8] M. Uramatsu, Y. Fujisawa, S. Mizuno, T. Souma, A. Komatsubara, and T. Miki, “Do failures in non-technical skills contribute to fatal medical accidents in Japan? A review of the 2010-2013 national accident reports,” BMJ Open, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 1–7, 2017.
[9] Flin R; O’Connor P; Crichton M., Safety at the sharp end: a guide to non-technical skills. Surrey. England: Ashgate-CRC Press, 2008.
[10] P. Shank, Practice and Feedback for Deeper Learning: 26 evidence-based and easy-to-apply tactics that promote deeper learning and application. Learning Peaks LLC, 2017.
[11] A. Jacobsson, Å. Ek, and R. Akselsson, “Method for evaluating learning from incidents using the idea of ‘level of learning,’” J. Loss Prev. Process Ind., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 333–343, 2011.
[12] J. Rasmussen and K. K. J. Vicente, “Coping with Human Errors through System-Design - Implications for Ecological Interface Design,” Int. J. Man. Mach. Stud., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 517–534, 1989.
[13] F. Størseth and R. K. Tinmannsvik, “The critical re-action: Learning from accidents,” Saf. Sci., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1977–1982, 2012.
[14] J. Hovden, F. Størseth, and R. K. Tinmannsvik, “Multilevel learning from accidents - Case studies in transport,” Saf. Sci., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 98–105, 2011.
[15] E. Okstad, E. Jersin, and R. K. Tinmannsvik, “Accident investigation in the Norwegian petroleum industry – Common features and future challenges,” Saf. Sci., vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 1408–1414, 2012.
[16] M. A. Sujan, H. Huang, and J. Braithwaite, “Learning from incidents in health care: Critique from a Safety-II perspective,” Saf. Sci., vol. 99, pp. 115–121, 2017.
[17] R. Moura, M. Beer, E. Patelli, and J. Lewis, “Learning from major accidents: Graphical representation and analysis of multi-attribute events to enhance risk communication,” Saf. Sci., vol. 99, pp. 58–70, 2017.
[18] L. Brodie, B. Lyndal, and I. J. Elias, “Heavy vehicle driver fatalities: Learning’s from fatal road crash investigations in Victoria,” Accid. Anal. Prev., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 557–564, 2009.
[19] J. Nixon and G. R. Braithwaite, “What do aircraft accident investigators do and what makes them good at it ? Developing a competency framework for investigators using grounded theory,” Saf. Sci., vol. 103, no. April, pp. 153–161, 2017.
[20] AAIB, “About us,” 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/air-accidents-investigation-branch/about. [Accessed: 17-Jun-2018].
[21] CAA, “CAP719 Fundamental Human Factors Concepts,” 2002.
[22] NTSB, “A review of flightcrew-involved major accidents of U.S. air carriers, 1978 through 1990,” Washington, 1994.
[23] ICAO, “Human Factors Digest: Investigation of Human Factors in Accidents and Incidents,” Montreal, 1993.
[24] F. H. Hawkins, Human Factors in Flight, 3rd ed. England: Avebury Technical, 1993.
[25] J. T. Reason, Human Error. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
[26] S. A. Shappell and D. A. Wiegmann, “A Human Error Approach to Accident Investigation : The Taxonomy of Unsafe Operations A Human Error Approach to Accident Investigation : The Taxonomy of Unsafe Operations,” Int. J. Aviat. Psychol., vol. 7, pp. 269–291, 1997.
[27] D. A. Wiegman, A Human Error Approach to Aviation Accident Analysis: the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System. Ashgate, Aldershot, UK. Aldershot,UK: Ashgate, 2003.
[28] K. Dönmez and S. Uslu, “İnsan Faktörleri Analiz ve Sınıflandırma Sistemi’nin (HFACS) Literatürde Yaygın Kullanımının Değerlendirilmesi-Evaluation of the Widespread Use of Human Factors Analysis and Classification System ( HFACS) in Literature,” J. Aviat., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 156–176, 2018.
[29] Cranfield University, “Cranfield University : Fundamentals of Accident Investigation,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.cranfield.ac.uk/courses/short/transport-systems/fundamentals-of-accident-investigation. [Accessed: 13-Apr-2018].
[30] Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, “Certificate of Management in Aviation Safety- Aircraft Accident Investigation and Management,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://proed.erau.edu/courses/accident-investigation. [Accessed: 13-Apr-2018].
[31] University of Windsor, “Accident Investigation Training,” 2018. [Online]. Available: http://www1.uwindsor.ca/safety/accidentinvestigation. [Accessed: 13-Apr-2018].
[32] NTSB, “NTSB Aicraft Accident Investigation Course,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ntsb.gov/Training_Center/Pages/AS101_2017.aspx. [Accessed: 13-Apr-2018].
[33] FAA, “FAA Aircraft Accident Investigaton International Course Catalog,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.academy.jccbi.gov/catalog/international/contents/accidentinvestigation.html. [Accessed: 13-Apr-2018].
[34] ICAO, “ICAO Doc 9995 Manual of Evidence-based Training,” 2013.
[35] R. Flin et al., “Development of the NOTECHS (non-technical skills) system for assessing pilots’ CRM skills,” Hum. Factors Aerosp. Saf., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 95–117, 2003.
[36] NTSB, “NTSB-Aviation Accident Data Summary-United Airline Flight 232,” 1989.
[37] CAA, “Global Fatal Accident Review 2002 to 2011.,” 2013.
[38] S. J. Hong, K. S. Lee, E. S. Seol, and S. Young, “Safety perceptions of training pilots based on training institution and experience,” J. Air Transp. Manag., vol. 55, pp. 213–221, 2016.
[39] E. Salas, C. S. Burke, C. A. Bowers, K. A. Wilson, and C. Florida, “Team Training in the Skies : Does Crew Resource Management ( CRM ) Training Work ?,” Hum. Factors, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 641–674, 2001.
[40] ICAO, ANNEX 13 Air Accident and Incident Investigation. 2016.

Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Uzay Mühendisliği
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Bilal Kılıç 0000-0002-3773-6682 Semih Soran 0000-0002-8731-9860
Yayımlanma Tarihi	23 Haziran 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi	4 Ocak 2019
Kabul Tarihi	21 Şubat 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Kılıç, B., & Soran, S. (2019). How Can an Ab-Initio Pilot Avert a Future Disaster: A Pedagogical Approach to Reduce The Likelihood of Future Failure. Journal of Aviation, 3(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.508336