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YAPAY ZEKÂ TARAFINDAN YÖNETİLEN MODERN TEKNOLOJİNİN TEHDİDİNİN TEMSİLCİSİ OLARAK FRANKENSTEIN'IN CANAVARI

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 26, 38 - 48, 25.03.2021

Öz

Mary Shelley’in ünlü romanı Frankenstein; or, Modern Prometheus (1818) İngiliz Edebiyatı’nın en görkemli eserlerinden biri olmuştur. Roman, o kadar çok ve çeşit-lilikte unsurlar barındırmaktadır ki - yayımlandığı günden bu yana pek çok yazar tarafından incelenirken - feminizmden Marksizm'e, materyalizmden psikolojiye kadar çeşitli açılardan tartışılmıştır. Transhümanist bir görüşe dayanan bu makale, Victor Frankenstein'ın Canavarı ile Yapay Zekâ (AI) ile çalışan teknolojiyi eşit sta-tüde ele alarak, bilimin etik ve sınırlarını sorgulamak için hazırlanmıştır. Makale, insanlığın yararına üretilen hem teknolojik hem de teknolojik olmayan ürünlerin ne ölçüde yararlı olduğunu ve bu ürünlerin evrenin yaşam döngüsü için bir tehdit oluşturup oluşturmadığını sorgulamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Alger, J., & Dauvergne, P. (2018). Researching global environmental politics: trends, gaps, and emerging issues. A Research Agenda for Global Environmental Politics, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788110952.00005
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1998). Acting Alone and in Groups. Science, 281(5378), 749. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5378.749h
  • Anderson, J., & Rainie, L. (2018, April 17). Concerns about the future of people’s well-being. Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/04/17/concerns-about-the-future-of-peoples-well-being/
  • Barrett, P. (2018, December 21). Is our use of technology doing more harm than good? HRZone. https://www.hrzone.com/perform/people/is-our-use-of-technology-doing- more-harm-than-good
  • Bennison, R. (2010). An Inclusive Re-Engagement with Our Nonhuman Animal Kin: Considering Human Interrelationships with Nonhuman Animals. Animals, 1(1), 40–55. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani1010040
  • Blum, D. (2013, February 1). ‘The Lady and Her Monsters,’ by Roseanne Montillo. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/03/books/review/the-lady-and- her-monsters-by-roseanne-montillo.html
  • Bostrom, N., Cirkovic, M. M., & Rees, M. J. (2008). Global Catastrophic Risks. Oxford University Press.
  • Canavero, S., Ren, X. P., & Kim, C. Y. (2016). Heaven: The Frankenstein effect. Surgical Neurology International, 7(25), 623–625. https://doi.org/10.4103/2152- 7806.190472
  • Carretero-González, M. (2016). The Posthuman that Could Have Been: Mary Shelley’s Creature. Relations, 4(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.7358/rela-2016-001-carr
  • Doede, R. (2009). Transhumanism, technology, and the future. The Appraisal Journal, 7(3), 39–54. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255965530_Transhumanism_technology_and_the_future
  • Emanuel, P., Walper, S., DiEuliis, D., Klein, N., Petro, J. B., & Giordano, J. (2019, October). Cyborg Soldier 2050: Human/Machine Fusion and the Implications for the Future of the DOD (CCDC CBC-TR-1599). U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center. https://community.apan.org/cfs- file/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-14742-00-00-00-30-04-58/Cyborg-Soldier-2050-CBC_2D00_TR_2D00_1599.pdf?forcedownload=true
  • Erdem, E. (2019). The Concept of Human and Monster in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Master’s dissertation). Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences English Language and Litetature British Cultural Studies. http://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11655/7946
  • Habeeb, A. (2017, September). Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325581483_Introduction_to_Artificial_Intelligence
  • Heun, R. (2018). How to write a scientific paper: A hypothesis-based approach. Global Psychiatry, 1(1), 3–6. https://doi.org/10.2478/gp-2018-0004
  • Hollander, J. M. (2004). The Real Environmental Crisis. Amsterdam University Press.
  • Jucan, M. S., & Jucan, C. N. (2014). The Power of Science Communication. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 149, 461–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.08.288
  • Kallman, A. (2015). Speciesism in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (Master). Lund University Libraries. https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/search/publication/7440027
  • Kopnina, H., Washington, H., Taylor, B., & Piccolo, J. J. (2018). Anthropocentrism: More than Just a Misunderstood Problem. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 31, 109–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-018-9711-1
  • Kose, U , Cankaya, İ , Yi̇gi̇t, T . (2018). Ethics and Safety in the Future of Artificial Intelligence: Remarkable Issues . International Journal of Engineering Science and Application , 2 (2) , 65-70 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijesa/issue/38052/424709
  • Lilley, S. (2012). Transhumanism and Society [E-book]. Springer Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4981-8
  • Liu, J., Kong, X., Xia, F., Bai, X., Wang, L., Qing, Q., & Lee, I. (2018). Artificial Intelligence in the 21st Century. IEEE Access, 6, 34403–34421. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2819688
  • Manyika, J., Lund, S., Chui, M., Bughin, J., Woetzel, J., Batra, P., Ko, R., & Sanghvi, S. (2017). Jobs Lost, Jobs Gained: Workforce Transitions in a Time of Automation. McKinsey Global Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/jobs-lost-jobs-gained-what-the-future-of-work-will-mean-for-jobs-skills-and-wages#
  • Marshall, A., Kantamurapoj, K., Kaenkaew, N., & Felix, M. (2019). The Tambora – Frankenstein Myth: The Monster Inspired. Humanities Bulletin, 2(2), 217–236. https://www.journals.lapub.co.uk/index.php/HB/article/view/1256/1088
  • Nordhaus, T., & Shellenberger, M. (2005, October 14). The death of environmentalism: Global warming politics in a post-environmental world. Grist. https://grist.org/article/doe-reprint/
  • OECD. (2019). Artificial Intelligence in Society. OECDiLibrary. https://doi.org/10.1787/eedfee77-en
  • Olgaç, G., Gökdağ, K., Jovanovic, B., & Kıdeys, A. E. (2017). Microplastic Litter Composition of the Turkish Territorial Waters of the Mediterranean Sea, and Its Occurrence in the Gas-trointestinal Tract of Fish. Environmental Pollution, 223, 286–294. http://old.ims.metu.edu.tr/pdf/2200.pdf
  • Ryder, R. D. (2000). Animal Revolution: Changing Attitudes Towards Speciesism (1st ed.). Berg Pub-lishers.
  • Shelley, M. (1993). Frankenstein. Wordsworth Editions.
  • Thimbleby, H. (2013). Technology and the future of healthcare. Journal of Public Health Research, 2(3), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2013.e28
  • Wachowski, L., Wachowski, A. (Directors). (1999). The Matrix [Film]. Warner Bross Inc.
  • Yılmaz, K. (2006). Born to Be On-line: Cyberpunk, Cyborgs and the Matrix Trilogy. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 257–267. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/607096

FRANKENSTEIN’S MONSTER AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE THREAT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY OPERATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 26, 38 - 48, 25.03.2021

Öz

Mary Shelley’s well-known novel Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus (1818) has been one of the greatest works of English literature. The novel contains such a great number and variety of elements that - since its publication, while being studied by many authors - it has been studied from various perspectives from feminism to Marxism, from materialism to psychology. Accordingly, based on a transhumanist view, this paper has been prepared to query the ethics and limits of science by combining and equalling Victor Frankenstein’s Monster and the technology operated with Artificial Intelligence (AI). The paper interrogates to what extent the gadgets both technological and non-technological produced for the good of humanity are useful, and whether they pose a threat to the lifecycle of the universe.

Kaynakça

  • Alger, J., & Dauvergne, P. (2018). Researching global environmental politics: trends, gaps, and emerging issues. A Research Agenda for Global Environmental Politics, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788110952.00005
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1998). Acting Alone and in Groups. Science, 281(5378), 749. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5378.749h
  • Anderson, J., & Rainie, L. (2018, April 17). Concerns about the future of people’s well-being. Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/04/17/concerns-about-the-future-of-peoples-well-being/
  • Barrett, P. (2018, December 21). Is our use of technology doing more harm than good? HRZone. https://www.hrzone.com/perform/people/is-our-use-of-technology-doing- more-harm-than-good
  • Bennison, R. (2010). An Inclusive Re-Engagement with Our Nonhuman Animal Kin: Considering Human Interrelationships with Nonhuman Animals. Animals, 1(1), 40–55. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani1010040
  • Blum, D. (2013, February 1). ‘The Lady and Her Monsters,’ by Roseanne Montillo. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/03/books/review/the-lady-and- her-monsters-by-roseanne-montillo.html
  • Bostrom, N., Cirkovic, M. M., & Rees, M. J. (2008). Global Catastrophic Risks. Oxford University Press.
  • Canavero, S., Ren, X. P., & Kim, C. Y. (2016). Heaven: The Frankenstein effect. Surgical Neurology International, 7(25), 623–625. https://doi.org/10.4103/2152- 7806.190472
  • Carretero-González, M. (2016). The Posthuman that Could Have Been: Mary Shelley’s Creature. Relations, 4(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.7358/rela-2016-001-carr
  • Doede, R. (2009). Transhumanism, technology, and the future. The Appraisal Journal, 7(3), 39–54. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255965530_Transhumanism_technology_and_the_future
  • Emanuel, P., Walper, S., DiEuliis, D., Klein, N., Petro, J. B., & Giordano, J. (2019, October). Cyborg Soldier 2050: Human/Machine Fusion and the Implications for the Future of the DOD (CCDC CBC-TR-1599). U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center. https://community.apan.org/cfs- file/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-14742-00-00-00-30-04-58/Cyborg-Soldier-2050-CBC_2D00_TR_2D00_1599.pdf?forcedownload=true
  • Erdem, E. (2019). The Concept of Human and Monster in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Master’s dissertation). Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences English Language and Litetature British Cultural Studies. http://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11655/7946
  • Habeeb, A. (2017, September). Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325581483_Introduction_to_Artificial_Intelligence
  • Heun, R. (2018). How to write a scientific paper: A hypothesis-based approach. Global Psychiatry, 1(1), 3–6. https://doi.org/10.2478/gp-2018-0004
  • Hollander, J. M. (2004). The Real Environmental Crisis. Amsterdam University Press.
  • Jucan, M. S., & Jucan, C. N. (2014). The Power of Science Communication. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 149, 461–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.08.288
  • Kallman, A. (2015). Speciesism in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (Master). Lund University Libraries. https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/search/publication/7440027
  • Kopnina, H., Washington, H., Taylor, B., & Piccolo, J. J. (2018). Anthropocentrism: More than Just a Misunderstood Problem. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 31, 109–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10806-018-9711-1
  • Kose, U , Cankaya, İ , Yi̇gi̇t, T . (2018). Ethics and Safety in the Future of Artificial Intelligence: Remarkable Issues . International Journal of Engineering Science and Application , 2 (2) , 65-70 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijesa/issue/38052/424709
  • Lilley, S. (2012). Transhumanism and Society [E-book]. Springer Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4981-8
  • Liu, J., Kong, X., Xia, F., Bai, X., Wang, L., Qing, Q., & Lee, I. (2018). Artificial Intelligence in the 21st Century. IEEE Access, 6, 34403–34421. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2819688
  • Manyika, J., Lund, S., Chui, M., Bughin, J., Woetzel, J., Batra, P., Ko, R., & Sanghvi, S. (2017). Jobs Lost, Jobs Gained: Workforce Transitions in a Time of Automation. McKinsey Global Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/jobs-lost-jobs-gained-what-the-future-of-work-will-mean-for-jobs-skills-and-wages#
  • Marshall, A., Kantamurapoj, K., Kaenkaew, N., & Felix, M. (2019). The Tambora – Frankenstein Myth: The Monster Inspired. Humanities Bulletin, 2(2), 217–236. https://www.journals.lapub.co.uk/index.php/HB/article/view/1256/1088
  • Nordhaus, T., & Shellenberger, M. (2005, October 14). The death of environmentalism: Global warming politics in a post-environmental world. Grist. https://grist.org/article/doe-reprint/
  • OECD. (2019). Artificial Intelligence in Society. OECDiLibrary. https://doi.org/10.1787/eedfee77-en
  • Olgaç, G., Gökdağ, K., Jovanovic, B., & Kıdeys, A. E. (2017). Microplastic Litter Composition of the Turkish Territorial Waters of the Mediterranean Sea, and Its Occurrence in the Gas-trointestinal Tract of Fish. Environmental Pollution, 223, 286–294. http://old.ims.metu.edu.tr/pdf/2200.pdf
  • Ryder, R. D. (2000). Animal Revolution: Changing Attitudes Towards Speciesism (1st ed.). Berg Pub-lishers.
  • Shelley, M. (1993). Frankenstein. Wordsworth Editions.
  • Thimbleby, H. (2013). Technology and the future of healthcare. Journal of Public Health Research, 2(3), 160–167. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2013.e28
  • Wachowski, L., Wachowski, A. (Directors). (1999). The Matrix [Film]. Warner Bross Inc.
  • Yılmaz, K. (2006). Born to Be On-line: Cyberpunk, Cyborgs and the Matrix Trilogy. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 257–267. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/607096
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mahmut Kayaaltı

Pelin Kut Belenli

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 26

Kaynak Göster

APA Kayaaltı, M., & Kut Belenli, P. (2021). FRANKENSTEIN’S MONSTER AS A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE THREAT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY OPERATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 7(26), 38-48.