Araştırma Makalesi
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"Drop Turkey from NATO now": Construction of Anti-Türkiye Discourse in the U.S. Public Opinion

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 10, 20 - 48, 20.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.56676/kiad.1252485

Öz

After the outbreak of the Ukraine-Russia War, Sweden and Finland abandoned their neutrality policies and announced that they would apply for NATO membership. Türkiye declared that it would veto their membership applications, stating that these two countries supported terrorist organizations. This situation alarmed the European member countries of NATO and the United States, and it was stated that Türkiye's veto would cause a rift in the NATO alliance and jeopardize European security. This study analyzes reader comments in the three leading U.S. newspapers: The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Wall Street Journal. The study was limited to the reader's comments on news about Türkiye's veto between May 19, 2022, when Türkiye announced its objection to Sweden and Finland's NATO membership applications, and June 30, 2022, when the crisis was resolved. The study applies an eclectic methodology and employs a corpus-assisted discourse analysis method. The themes, strategies, and linguistic practices through which Türkiye and Turkish identities are discursively constructed were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that Türkiye's announcement to veto Sweden’s and Finland's membership applications to NATO has fed the anti-Turkish sentiment that dominates U.S. public opinion, especially in the context of Türkiye-U.S. relations that reached a breaking point after 2016. Moreover, it is argued that anti-Turkish sentiment is constructed through “traditional” discourse themes such as the stereotype of the “bad Turk” and Islamophobia, as well as discourse themes that establish the identification of President Erdoğan and Türkiye.

Kaynakça

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  • IvanTufaart (2022, May 16). Erdogan has a bargaining chip and he's gonna play it for all it's worth. I'd be very surprised if he throws sand in the gears with a veto. Instead, I'm pretty sure that we'll provide him with something as a payoff, and then he'll miraculously approve the applications [Comment on the webpage Why Turkey dissents on Finland and Sweden joining NATO and why it matters]. The Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/16/turkey-nato-sweden-finland-ukraine/
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  • Michael Anthony (2022, May 30). Thank you for the well-composed article that covers these most relevant issues. Turkey has historically been a very important ally in NATO during the Cold War and since [Comment on the webpage For NATO, Turkey Is a Disruptive Ally]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/us/politics/turkey-nato-russia.html#commentsContainer
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  • Nazmorgul (2022, May 17). Turkey is run by a dictator who wants to keep ties with Russia. Erdogan has always been buddy buddy with Putin. Funny how the only authoritarian NATO country is in bed with Russia. This terrorist thing is like “Let’s make up some excuse why we dont want them in, so we dont look to Mr Putin like we just said “ yes”.” [Comment on the webpage Why Turkey dissents on Finland and Sweden joining NATO and why it matters]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/16/turkey-nato-sweden-finland-ukraine/
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  • Run With The Wind (2022, May 18). Erdogan is the Trojan horse in NATO. Turkey under Erdogan should not be a member of NATO, in my humble opinion. The people he wants from Sweden and Finland are not terrorists, they are opposition to Erdogan's regime. He harbors criminals and refuses to extradite them, he welcomes oligarchs. He gets money from EU to hold refugees, but when it suits him, he uses them to blackmail EU, by flooding them to EU borders. He buys weapon material from Russia against NATO's will. He plays negotiator between Ukraine and Russia. He sends drones to Ukraine but refuses to sanction Russia. He is just another idiot dictator [Comment on the webpage Turkey blocks start of NATO talks on Finland’s and Sweden’s applications]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/comments/?storyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F05%2F18%2Ffinland-sweden-nato-apply%2F
  • S. Roy (2022, May 30). Turkey will ALWAYS remain a “disruptive” ally as long as Erdogan is in power. And there is little chance that he 'll lose his iron grip on power any time soon. It can be argued that Erdogan has NEVER subscribed to democratic principles. Rescinding decades-old secularism originally instituted by Kemal Atatürk was just a start. He often acts like a dictator [Comment on the webpage For NATO, Turkey Is a Disruptive Ally]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/us/politics/turkey-nato-russia.html#commentsContainer
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  • Sammy (2022, May 30). One should point out that when it comes to most of the foreign policy points made in the comment, the opposition parties in Turkey also agree with and support Erdogan. The relations are complicated because of the region Turkey is in that makes their national interests sometimes conflict with U.S. policy. Similarly, NATO countries have not been fair in their treatment of a member. For example, the second largest military in NATO is not allowed to purchase air defense systems from the U.S. Had the U.S. sold them the Patriots they would not have purchased the S-400s. Now they are excluded from the F35 sales and even their request to purchase F16s and modernization kits is not approved, while Turkey already has about 250 F16s.
  • ...Also, the sentences like Turkey is waging a war against the Kurds is one sided. Kurds are also waging a war against Turkey. While many Turks criticize Erdogan for his domestic policies they are much more united when it comes to foreign affairs [Comment on the webpage For NATO, Turkey Is a Disruptive Ally]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/us/politics/turkey-nato-russia.html#commentsContainer
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  • Zoe, Kennedy (2022, May 19). What Erdogan is demanding is that two of the world's freest countries, countries more democratic than America, take away the freedom of people he doesn't like, just like he does [Comment on the webpage Turkey blocks start of NATO talks on Finland’s and Sweden’s applications]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/comments/?storyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F05%2F18%2Ffinland-sweden-nato-apply%2F

“Türkiye’yi NATO’dan Hemen Çıkarın”: ABD Kamuoyunda Türkiye-Karşıtı Söylemin İnşası

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 10, 20 - 48, 20.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.56676/kiad.1252485

Öz

Ukrayna-Rusya Savaşı’nın başlamasıyla beraber, İsveç ve Finlandiya, tarafsızlık politikalarını terk ederek, NATO üyelik başvurusunda bulunacaklarını açıklamışlardır. Türkiye ise, bu iki ülkenin terör örgütlerine destek verdiğini belirterek üyelik başvurularını veto edeceğini açıklamıştır. Bu durum, ABD başta olmak üzere NATO üyesi Avrupa ülkelerini tedirgin etmiş, Türkiye'nin veto hakkının, NATO ittifakı içerisinde ayrışma yaratacağı ve Avrupa güvenliğini tehlikeye atacağı dile getirilmiştir. Bu çalışma söz konusu endişenin, ABD kamuoyunda nasıl karşılık bulduğu sorusundan hareket ederek, ABD'nin önde gelen üç gazetesi olan, The New York Times, The Washington Post ve The Wall Street Journal gazetelerinde konu ile ilgili yapılan okuyucu yorumlarını incelenmiştir. Çalışma, Türkiye’nin, İsveç ve Finlandiya’nın NATO’ya üyelik başvurularına itirazını açıkladığı 19 Mayıs 2022 tarihinden krizin aşıldığı 30 Haziran 2022 tarihine kadar geçen sürede, üç basın kuruluşunun web sayfalarında, Türkiye’ye yönelik haberlere yapılan okur yorumları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Çalışmada eklektik bir metodoloji benimsenmiş, derlembilim destekli söylem analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çerçevede Türkiye ve Türk kimliklerinin söylemsel olarak hangi temalar, stratejiler ve dilsel pratiklerle inşa edildiği analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucu, Türkiye’nin, İsveç ve Finlandiya’nın NATO üyelik başvurusunu veto edeceği ilan etmesinin, özellikle 2016 sonrasında kopma noktasına gelen Türkiye-ABD ilişkileri bağlamında, ABD kamuoyunda egemen olan Türkiye karşıtlığını beslediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye karşıtlığının, “kötü Türk” stereotipi, İslamofobi gibi “gelenekselleşmiş” söylem temalarının yanı sıra Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan ve Türkiye özdeşliğini kuran söylem temaları aracılığıyla inşa edildiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abbas, T. (2019). Islamophobia as the hidden hand of structural and cultural racism. I. Z. a. I. Awan (Ed.), The Routledge International Handbook of Islamophobia (p. 32-41) in. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Açıkmeşe, S. A., & Triantaphyllou, D. (2012). The NATO-EU-Turkey trilogy: the impact of the Cyprus conundrum. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 12(4), 555-573. doi:10.1080/14683857.2012.741846
  • Ancarno, C. (2020). Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies. Cambridge Handbook of Discourse Studies, 165-185. doi:Book_Doi 10.1017/9781108348195
  • Atmaca, A. O. (2017). Türkiye-US relations (2009-2016): A troubled partnership in a troubled world?. P. Gözen Ercan (Ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy (p. 63-82) in. Cham, Switzerland: Palgave Macmillan.
  • Aydın, M., Çelikpala M., Açıkmeşe A. S., Sokullu E. C, Güvenç, S., Şenyuva Ö., & Kaya Sönmez S. (2022). Quantitative Research Report : Public Perception on Turkish Foreign Policy 2022. Retrieved from İstanbul: https://www.khas.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/TDP_2022_ENG_FINAL_07.09.22.pdf
  • Aydın, M., Çelikpala M., Açıkmeşe A. S., Sokullu E. C, Güvenç, S., Şenyuva Ö., Kaya Sönmez S., & Özel, S. (2021). Public Perceptions on Turkish Foreign Policy. Retrieved from İstanbul: https://www.mustafaaydin.gen.tr/source/TFP2021_WEBRAPOR_ENG_X.pdf
  • Balaban, D. C., & Stoica, M. S., & Vincze, H. O., & Medveschi, I. (2021). The populist dimension of mediated discourses about corruption in Romania. Central European Journal of Communication, 14(2), 287-304. doi:10.51480/1899-5101.14.2(29).5
  • Boller, F. (2018). “Guardian of the international order”? NATO's contested identity, the discourses of Secretaries General, and the Ukraine crisis. East European Politics, 34(2), 217-237. doi:10.1080/21599165.2018.1458616
  • CallMeIshmael (2022, May 30). There is no place in NATO for Erdogan’s Turkey. They should go [Comment on the webpage For NATO, Turkey Is a Disruptive Ally]. New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/us/politics/turkey-nato-russia.html#commentsContainer
  • Canan-Sokullu, E. (2012). Türk kamuoyunda NATO algısı. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 9(34), 151-182.
  • Cizik, T. (2021). Security perception and security policy of the Slovak Republic, 1993-2018. Defence and Security Analysis, 37(1), 23-37. doi:10.1080/14751798.2020.1831228
  • CommonSenseConservative (2022a, May 19). Thumbs down! The Turks own their Ideocracy, their a 3d world country just above Afghanistan, backwards nation controlled by a dictator. Until they come back more to center, let them twist in the wind alone [Comment on the webpage Turkey blocks start of NATO talks on Finland's and Sweden's applications]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/comments/?storyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F05%2F18%2Ffinland-sweden-nato-apply%2F
  • CommonSenseConservative (2022b, May 19). It seems pretty simple to me - kick out Turkey and let them twist in the wind. Then the Kurds can rise up and take over their half of the country. Meanwhile, NATO gets several new members and gets to dump the Turks [Comment on the webpage Turkey blocks start of NATO talks on Finland's and Sweden's applications]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/comments/?storyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F05%2F18%2Ffinland-sweden-nato-apply%2F
  • Crowley, M., & Erlanger, S. (2022). For NATO, Turkey is a disruptive ally. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/us/politics/turkey-nato-russia.html#commentsContainer
  • Çeçen, A. F., Bulut, S., & Ayçin, T. (2021). Doğu akdeniz meselesinde Yunan lobisinin Türkiye karşıtı faaliyetleri. İletişim ve Diplomasi, 6, 111-137. doi:10.54722/iletisimvediplomasi.1022912
  • Çınar, A. (2021). ABD kongresinde Türkiye algısı neden kötüleşiyor? Turkish Journal. Retrieved from https://www.turkishjournal.com/2021/02/15/abd-kongresinde-turkiye-algisi-neden-kotulesiyor/
  • DomingoTrassen (2022, May 19). Erdogan has friendly relations with Putin since previous times [Comment on the webpage Does Erdogan’s Turkey Belong in NATO?]. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/does-Erdoğans-turkey-belong-in-nato-sweden-finland-join-veto-weapons-peace-broker-11652882743?mod=Searchresults_pos19&page=32
  • Erhan, Ç. (2000). The American perception of the Turks: an historical record. The Turkish Yearbook, 31, 75-97.
  • ErikKC (2022, May 14). We should assist the Kurdish people in establishing their much deserved, and long overdue, nationhood, to be carved from portions of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. The Kurds will prove to be honest, loyal, reliable, and grateful allies. Second only in importance to the Israelis in the region [Comment on the webpage Sweden, Finland mull NATO entry as Turkey voices opposition]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/13/sweden-finland-nato-turkey-ukraine-war/
  • Galol (2022, June 22). Turkiye already hosts U.S. nuclear weapons aimed at Russia and Iran not to mention US military bases vital to U.S. global power projection. Also, Turkiye controls access to the Black Sea, so without Turkiye, US/NATO would have no access Black Sea, Caspian Sea countries and Central Asia, which is an area the US trying to expand its sphere of influence. In other words, NATO/US needs Turkiye more than Turkiye needs NATO/US. Turkiye knows this hence why it's playing hardball. Nothing wrong with this especially considering there's no imminent threat to either Finland or Sweden [Comment on the webpage Analysis: What Turkey Wants to Let Finland and Sweden Into NATO]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/22/world/europe/finland-sweden-turkey-nato.html?searchResultPosition=1
  • Ghost Dansing (2022, May 30). The proposition to include Sweden and Finland in NATO could be joined by removing a proposition to remove Turkey from NATO. Erdogan seems to prefer support and alliance with authoritarian strongmen like Putin and Assad. NATO needs to have a more reliable alliance. If Erdogan cannot do the right thing in the face of Putin 's invasion of Ukraine, he cannot be trusted to choose NATO 's side in any crisis [Comment on the webpage For NATO, Turkey Is a Disruptive Ally]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/us/politics/turkey-nato-russia.html#commentsContainer
  • Giannotta, V. (2021). Turkey and NATO: a fluctuating relationship. M. Testoni (Ed.), NATO and Transatlantic Relations in the 21st Century: Foreign and Security Policy Perspectives (p. 207-223) in. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Gülmez, D. B. (2020). The resilience of the US-Turkey alliance: divergent threat perceptions and worldviews. Contemporary Politics, 26(4), 475-492. doi:10.1080/13569775.2020.1777038
  • Güvenç, S., & Özel, S. (2012). NATO and Turkey in the post-cold war world: between abandonment and entrapment. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 12(4), 533-553. doi:10.1080/14683857.2012.741845
  • Hamiltonian Canuck (2022, May 14). The country within which Jamal Khashoggi was murdered accuses Finland and Sweden of harboring terrorist organizations? Really? … I'd say Finland and Sweden will be far more reliable partners than Turkey has ever been [Comment on the webpage Sweden, Finland mull NATO entry as Turkey voices opposition]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/13/sweden-finland-nato-turkey-ukraine-war/
  • HOPile (2022, May 14). There are no ally's among the Muslim ... we are all none believers for them. Ok, to be lied to and be a pawn [Comment on the webpage Sweden, Finland mull NATO entry as Turkey voices opposition]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/13/sweden-finland-nato-turkey-ukraine-war/
  • Isani, M., & Silverman, D. (2016). Foreign policy attitudes toward Islamic actors: an experimental approach. Political Research Quarterly, 69(3), 571-582. doi:10.1177/1065912916654988
  • IvanTufaart (2022, May 16). Erdogan has a bargaining chip and he's gonna play it for all it's worth. I'd be very surprised if he throws sand in the gears with a veto. Instead, I'm pretty sure that we'll provide him with something as a payoff, and then he'll miraculously approve the applications [Comment on the webpage Why Turkey dissents on Finland and Sweden joining NATO and why it matters]. The Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/16/turkey-nato-sweden-finland-ukraine/
  • İdiz, S. (2021). Turkey, US maintain dialogue of the deaf. Al Monitor. Retrieved from https://www.almonitor.com/originals/2021/02/Türkiye-united-states-syria-s400-ypg-ties-to-get-worse
  • Jonathan55 (2022, May 14). Realpolitik: ally among the Muslim world is an oxymoron and a mirage [Comment on the webpage Sweden, Finland mull NATO entry as Turkey voices opposition]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/13/sweden-finland-nato-turkey-ukraine-war/
  • Kara, M. (2022a). Linking Turkey’s domestic politics and foreign policy: the Justice and Development Party’s political strategies and their divergent foreign policy effects. Turkish Studies, 23(4), 529-553. doi:10.1080/14683849.2022.2060082
  • Kara, M. (2022b). Turkish-American strategic partnership: is Turkey still a faithful ally? Southeast European and Black Sea Studies. doi:10.1080/14683857.2022.2088081
  • Kim Jady (2022, June 28). Turkey is holding up Sweden joining? Seems the wise thing to do is give Turkey the boot and allow Sweden in. Turkey has become an Islamic dictatorship and doesn't respect the values of the free world [Comment on the webpage Turkey Backs NATO Membership for Sweden, Finland]. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/nato-allies-to-focus-on-threats-from-russia-and-beyond-at-summit-11656408633?mod=hp_lead_pos1
  • Kınacıoğlu, M. (2017). NATO-Turkey relations: from collective defence to collective security. P. Gözen Ercan (Ed.), Turkish Foreign Policy (p. 83-103) in. Cham, Switzerland: Palgave Macmillan.
  • Kutlay, M., & Öniş, Z. (2021). Understanding oscillations in Turkish foreign policy: pathways to unusual middle power activism. Third World Quarterly, 42(12), 3051-3069. doi:10.1080/01436597.2021.1985449
  • Lieberman, J., & Wallace, M. D. (2022). Does Erdoğan’s Turkey belong in NATO?. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/does-Erdoğans-turkey-belong-in-nato-sweden-finland-join-veto-weapons-peace-broker-11652882743
  • Magalhaes, M. (2021). Congress and US-Turkey relations. Journal of Transatlantic Studies, 19, 494-516. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/s42738-021-00084-z
  • Malsin, J., Salama, V. (2022). NATO bids from Finland and Sweden now depend on Turkey’s President. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/nato-bids-from-finland-and-sweden-now-depend-on-Turkeys-president-11653130800
  • Martin, L. (2022). Constructing a realistic explanation of Turkish - US relations. Turkish Studies, 23(5), 765-783. doi:10.1080/14683849.2022.2077102
  • Mehmetçik, H., & Çelik, A. C. (2022). The militarization of Turkish foreign policy. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 24(1), 24-41. doi:10.1080/19448953.2021.1992190
  • Michael Anthony (2022, May 30). Thank you for the well-composed article that covers these most relevant issues. Turkey has historically been a very important ally in NATO during the Cold War and since [Comment on the webpage For NATO, Turkey Is a Disruptive Ally]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/us/politics/turkey-nato-russia.html#commentsContainer
  • Michnik, W. (2021). Poland’s role in NATO: toward a transatlantic bargain 2.0? M. Testoni (Ed.), NATO and Transatlantic Relations in the 21st Century: Foreign and Security Policy Perspectives (p. 125-141) in. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Nazmorgul (2022, May 17). Turkey is run by a dictator who wants to keep ties with Russia. Erdogan has always been buddy buddy with Putin. Funny how the only authoritarian NATO country is in bed with Russia. This terrorist thing is like “Let’s make up some excuse why we dont want them in, so we dont look to Mr Putin like we just said “ yes”.” [Comment on the webpage Why Turkey dissents on Finland and Sweden joining NATO and why it matters]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/16/turkey-nato-sweden-finland-ukraine/
  • Oğuzlu, T. (2012a). Turkey's eroding commitment to NATO: from identity to interests. Washington Quarterly, 35(3), 153-164. doi:10.1080/0163660x.2012.706578
  • Oğuzlu, T. (2012b). Turkey and NATO: an ambivalent ally in a changing alliance. Uluslararası İlişkiler-International Relations, 9(34), 99-124. Retrieved from <Go to ISI>://WOS:000308785600006
  • Oğuzlu, T. (2013a). Making sense of Turkey's rising power status: what does Turkey's approach within NATO tell us? Turkish Studies, 14(4), 774-796. doi:10.1080/14683849.2013.863420
  • Oğuzlu, T. (2013b). Testing the strength of the Turkish American strategic relationship through NATO: convergence or divergence within the alliance? Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 15(2), 207-222. doi:10.1080/19448953.2013.775759
  • Peterberman (2022, May 19). Turkey in NATO has often fascinated those familiar with Turkish history. Especially when Suleiman the Great stood at the gates of Vienna in the 16th century on his way to conquering all of Europe. Leaving behind as he retreated mountains of skulls. The changed fortunes of Turkey, one of the world’s once great empires, ought be a lesson to all of us. Turkey has many achievements. But respect and adherence to modern Democratic values and traditions isn’t one of them. Why Turkey is a member of NATO remains puzzling. Anyone remember whose side Turkey was on in WWII. Hint: it wasn’t “our side”. [Comment on the webpage Does Erdogan’s Turkey Belong in NATO?]. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/does-Erdoğans-turkey-belong-in-nato-sweden-finland-join-veto-weapons-peace-broker-11652882743?mod=Searchresults_pos19&page=346
  • Podar, B., & Voina, A. (2022). Does politics influence crisis communication? An analysis of health minister nelu tătaru’s discourses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Media Research, 15(1), 40-57. doi:doi:10.24193/jmr.42.3.
  • Rauhala, E., Birnbaum, M., & Nakashima, E. (2022). Turkey blocks start of NATO talks on Finland’s and Sweden’s applications. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/18/finland-sweden-nato-apply/
  • Reisigl, M., & Wodak, R. (2009). The discourse-historical approach (DHA). R. a. M. Wodak, M. (Ed.), Methods for Critical Discourse Analysis (p. 87-121) in. London: Sage.
  • Run With The Wind (2022, May 18). Erdogan is the Trojan horse in NATO. Turkey under Erdogan should not be a member of NATO, in my humble opinion. The people he wants from Sweden and Finland are not terrorists, they are opposition to Erdogan's regime. He harbors criminals and refuses to extradite them, he welcomes oligarchs. He gets money from EU to hold refugees, but when it suits him, he uses them to blackmail EU, by flooding them to EU borders. He buys weapon material from Russia against NATO's will. He plays negotiator between Ukraine and Russia. He sends drones to Ukraine but refuses to sanction Russia. He is just another idiot dictator [Comment on the webpage Turkey blocks start of NATO talks on Finland’s and Sweden’s applications]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/comments/?storyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F05%2F18%2Ffinland-sweden-nato-apply%2F
  • S. Roy (2022, May 30). Turkey will ALWAYS remain a “disruptive” ally as long as Erdogan is in power. And there is little chance that he 'll lose his iron grip on power any time soon. It can be argued that Erdogan has NEVER subscribed to democratic principles. Rescinding decades-old secularism originally instituted by Kemal Atatürk was just a start. He often acts like a dictator [Comment on the webpage For NATO, Turkey Is a Disruptive Ally]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/us/politics/turkey-nato-russia.html#commentsContainer
  • Samaie, M., & Malmir, B. (2017). US news media portrayal of Islam and Muslims: a corpus-assisted Critical Discourse Analysis. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 49(14), 1351-1366. doi:10.1080/00131857.2017.1281789
  • Sammy (2022, May 30). One should point out that when it comes to most of the foreign policy points made in the comment, the opposition parties in Turkey also agree with and support Erdogan. The relations are complicated because of the region Turkey is in that makes their national interests sometimes conflict with U.S. policy. Similarly, NATO countries have not been fair in their treatment of a member. For example, the second largest military in NATO is not allowed to purchase air defense systems from the U.S. Had the U.S. sold them the Patriots they would not have purchased the S-400s. Now they are excluded from the F35 sales and even their request to purchase F16s and modernization kits is not approved, while Turkey already has about 250 F16s.
  • ...Also, the sentences like Turkey is waging a war against the Kurds is one sided. Kurds are also waging a war against Turkey. While many Turks criticize Erdogan for his domestic policies they are much more united when it comes to foreign affairs [Comment on the webpage For NATO, Turkey Is a Disruptive Ally]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/us/politics/turkey-nato-russia.html#commentsContainer
  • SiSeulementVoltaire (2022, June 22). Turkey has never gotten over losing their Ottoman Empire, a bit like Putin, twisted pride and narratives remain an undercurrent. While a beautiful place to visits with very kind people as a tourist, it is a nest of serpent eggs where the attempted genocides of non Turks are a recurring phenomenon. Several peoples that inhabit Turkey have been persecuted throughout their recent history from the Armenian genocide to the Kurds and Turkmen more recently. It is in all but in name and Islamists State masquerading as a democracy too. The culture and government have never really adapted to modern democratic norms. Erdogan will help Putin rather than NATO nations who take in and protect Kurdish political refugees [Comment on the webpage Analysis: What Turkey Wants to Let Finland and Sweden Into NATO]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/22/world/europe/finland-sweden-turkey-nato.html?searchResultPosition=1
  • Stoegner, K., & Wodak, R. (2016). 'The man who hated Britain' - the discursive construction of 'national unity' in the Daily Mail. Critical Discourse Studies, 13(2), 193-209. doi:10.1080/17405904.2015.1103764
  • Thompson, J. (2021). The US role in NATO: Past, present, and future. M. Testoni (Ed.), NATO and Transatlantic Relations in the 21st Century: Foreign and Security Policy Perspectives (p. 18-32) in. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Thomson, C. P. (2022). Foreign policy attitudes and national alignments in times of Chinese and Russian threats public opinion across three NATO members. Rusi Journal, 167(2), 24-37. doi:10.1080/03071847.2022.2088610
  • Tolga, Y. (2022, 2022, June 22). The Turkish people want to live in a Democracy.” Depends on what you mean by “Democracy. There's a big spectrum from holding elections periodically to liberal democracy. Turkey has a power-centric and authoritarian culture, and most Turks do not want a liberal democracy by Western standards. The vast majority do not even know what that is or feels like. Remember that the Turkish people have voted Erdogan into power without interruptions since 2002 [Comment on the webpage Analysis: What Turkey Wants to Let Finland and Sweden Into NATO]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/22/world/europe/finland-sweden-turkey-nato.html?searchResultPosition=1
  • Tomas, F. (2022, 2022, May 21). Maybe we should suspend or expulse Türkiye from NATO. Ask Erdogan how he would like to be a neighbor of Russia without the backing of NATO [Comment on the webpage NATO Bids From Finland and Sweden Now Depend on Turkey’s President]. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/nato-bids-from-finland-and-sweden-now-depend-on-turkeys-president-11653130800
  • Walter, C. Derrick (2022, 2022, May 30). NATO is an alliance of democratic nations who are committed to stability, progress and freedom. Turkey has always been a poor fit. A generation ago we were told that the Shah's Iran was indispensible to our security, but our support of that regime did much to alienate us from the people of that part of the world, and continues to undermine our interests. There is no security in being aligned with a corrupt and oppressive government that can offer only false friendship. We should have learned that lesson a long time ago [Comment on the webpage For NATO, Turkey Is a Disruptive Ally]. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/30/us/politics/turkey-nato-russia.html#commentsContainer
  • Wright, D., & Brookes, G. (2019). 'This is England, speak English!': a corpus-assisted critical study of language ideologies in the right-leaning British press. Critical Discourse Studies, 16(1), 56-83. doi:10.1080/17405904.2018.1511439
  • Yang, Y. F., & Chen, X. C. (2021). Globalism or nationalism? the paradox of Chinese official discourse in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 26(1), 89-113. doi:10.1007/s11366-020-09697-1
  • Yetim, H. T., & Hazar, A. (2023). S400s, sanctions and defiance: explaining Turkey's quest for strategic autonomy and the US response. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 23(1), 179-199. doi:10.1080/14683857.2022.2095698
  • Yılmaz, İ., & Shipoli, E. (2022). Use of past collective traumas, fear and conspiracy theories for securitization of the opposition and authoritarianisation: the Turkish case. Democratization, 29(2), 320-336. doi:10.1080/13510347.2021.1953992
  • Yılmaz, S. (2012). Turkey's quest for NATO membership: the institutionalization of the Turkish-American alliance. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 12(4), 481-495. doi:10.1080/14683857.2012.741844
  • Zoe, Kennedy (2022, May 19). What Erdogan is demanding is that two of the world's freest countries, countries more democratic than America, take away the freedom of people he doesn't like, just like he does [Comment on the webpage Turkey blocks start of NATO talks on Finland’s and Sweden’s applications]. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/comments/?storyUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F05%2F18%2Ffinland-sweden-nato-apply%2F
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hasan Turgut 0000-0001-9951-8894

Ali Çakır 0000-0003-2903-4071

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 10

Kaynak Göster

APA Turgut, H., & Çakır, A. (2023). "Drop Turkey from NATO now": Construction of Anti-Türkiye Discourse in the U.S. Public Opinion. Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi(10), 20-48. https://doi.org/10.56676/kiad.1252485