Araştırma Makalesi
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The Relationship Between Human Capital And The Export of Information And Communication Technology: A Study of G7 Countries Based on A Panel Error Correction Model Analysis

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 39, 239 - 249, 30.12.2020

Öz

In today's information age the acceleration of technological advances increases the importance of information and communication technologies. Many countries increase their physical and human capital investments in the information and communication technologies sector to increase their production power and exports. In this study, the long and short-term relationships between exports of information and communication technology products and higher education graduate employment are analyzed by means of pooled mean group estimator, mean group estimator and dynamic fixed effects estimator. The study covers G-7 countries (Canada, Germany, France, Italy, England, Japan and the USA) and Japan is not included in the analysis due to lack of data. In the study evaluating the period between 2003-2018, it was concluded that the results of the Hausman test mean group estimator were valid. According to the pooled average group estimator results, the existence of a long-term relationship between information and communication technology products exports and higher education graduate employment has been confirmed.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, E.M. (2009). ICT And Human Capital Intensities Impact On Asean5 Productivity, The Journal of Knowledge Economy & Knowledge Management, IV, 1-8.
  • Arvanitis, S. (2005). Computerization, workplace organization, skilled labour and firm productivity: Evidence for the Swiss business sector, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 14(4), 225-249.
  • Asongu, S. A. and Roux, S. L. (2017). Enhancing ICT for Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Technological Forecasting & Social Change. 118, 44-54.
  • Chun, H. (2003). Information Technology And The Demand For Educated Workers: Disentangling The Impacts Of Adoption Versus Use, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 85, 1-8.
  • Falk, M. and Seim, K. (1999). The impact of information technology on high-skilled labour in services: evidence from firm level panel data, ZEW Discussion Papers, No. 99-58, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung.
  • Falk, M. and Seim, K. (2001). Workers' skill level and information technology: a censored regression model, International Journal of Manpower 22(1/2), 98-120.
  • Galve-Górriz, C. and Castel, A.N. (2010). The relationship between human resources and information and communication technologies: Spanish firm-level evidence, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research ISSN 0718–1876 Electronic Version, 5(1), 11-24.
  • Güven, S. and Mert, M. (2016). Uluslararası Turizm Talebinin Eşbütünleşme Analizi: Antalya İçin Panel Ardl Yaklaşımı, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 133-152. ILO, (2019). Skills shortages and labour migration in the field of information and communication technology in India, Indonesia and Thailand, ILO Publishing, Switzerland.
  • Jevtic, B., Dedianski, S.,Beslac, M., Grozdanic, R. and Papic, Z. (2013). The Impact Of Skilled Workers In Implementing ICT On Firm Performance
  • Karahan, Ö. and Erçakar, M.E. (2018). Bilgi İletişim Teknolojileri Ve İnsan Sermayesi Arasındaki Karşılıklı İlişkinin Analizi, Birinci Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimlerde Kritik Tartışmalar, 5-7 Ekim, İzmir.
  • Ketteni, E., Mamuneas, T. and Stengos, T. (2006). The E§ect of Information Technology and Human Capital on Economic Growth, Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis, Working Paper, 03-07.
  • Murphy, G. and Siedschlag, I.T. (2007). The Effect of Human Capital on Output Growth in ICT Industries: Evidence from OECD countries, ESRI Working Paper No. 184.
  • Murphy, G. and Siedschlag, I.T. (2013). Human Capital and Growth of Information and Communication Technology-intensive Industries: Empirical Evidence from Open Economies, Regional Studies, 47(9) 1403–1424.
  • OECD, (2016). Icts and Jobs: Complements Or Substıtutes? The Effects Of Ict Investment On Labour Demand By Skılls And By Industry In Selected Oecd Countrıes, DSTI/ICCP/IIS(2016)1/Final.
  • Pedroni, P. (2004). Crıtıcalvalues For Coıntegratıon Tests In Heterogeneous Panels Wıth Multıple Regressors, Oxford Bulletın Of Economıcs And Statıstıcs, Specıal Issue, 0305-9049, 653-670.
  • Pesaran, M., Shin, H.Y. and Smith, R.P. (1999), Pooled mean group estimation of dynamic heterogeneous panels, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94, No.446, 621-634.
  • Pesaran, M.H., and Smith, R.P. (1995), Estimating Long-Run Relation- ships From Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels, Journal of Econometrics, 68, 79-113. Tatoğlu, F.Y. (2013). İleri Panel Veri Analizi: Stata Uygulamalı, 2. Baskı, Beta.
  • Tatoğlu, F.Y. (2017). Panel Zaman Serileri Analizi: Stata Uygulamalı, Beta.
  • Tatoğlu, F.Y. (2011). The Relationship Between Human Capital Invesment and Economic Growth: A Panel Error Correction Model, Journla of Economic and Social Research, 13(1), 77-90.
  • Topal, M.H. (2017). Çifte Kazanç Hipotezinin OECD Ekonomileri İçin Testi: Panel Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi, Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(4). 2.20.
  • Wang, Y. and Li, J. (2017). ICT’s effect on trade:Perspective of comparative advantage, Economic Letters, 155, 96-99.
  • Yoon, S.C. (2019). The Impact of ICT Goods Imports on Economic Growth: Evidence from Asia-Pacific Countries, Journal of Korea Trade 23(7), 1-12.

Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri Malları İhracatı ve Beşeri Sermaye Arasındaki İlişki: G-7 Ülkeleri İçin Panel Hata Düzeltme Modeli Analizi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 39, 239 - 249, 30.12.2020

Öz

Bilgi çağının yaşandığı günümüzde teknolojik ilerlemelerin hız kazanması bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin önemini arttırmaktadır. Birçok ülke bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri sektöründe üretim gücü ve ihracat artışı sağlamak adına sektöre yönelik fiziksel ve beşeri sermaye yatırımlarını arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri ürünleri ihracatı ile yüksek öğretim mezunu istihdam arasındaki uzun ve kısa dönemli ilişkiler havuzlanmış ortalama grup tahmincisi, dinamik sabit etkiler tahmincisi ve ortalama grup tahmincisi aracılığı ile analiz edilmektedir. Çalışma G-7 ülkelerini (Kanada, Almanya, Fransa, İtalya, İngiltere, Japonya ve ABD) kapsamakta ve veri eksikliğinden dolayı Japonya analize dahil edilmemektedir. 2003-2018 yılları arası dönemin değerlendirildiği çalışmada Hausman testi ile havuzlanmış ortalama grup tahmincisinin sonuçlarının geçerli olduğuna kanaat getirilmiştir. Havuzlanmış ortalama grup tahmincisi sonuçlarına göre bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisi ürünleri ihracatı ve yüksek öğretim mezunu istihdamı arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığı doğrulanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed, E.M. (2009). ICT And Human Capital Intensities Impact On Asean5 Productivity, The Journal of Knowledge Economy & Knowledge Management, IV, 1-8.
  • Arvanitis, S. (2005). Computerization, workplace organization, skilled labour and firm productivity: Evidence for the Swiss business sector, Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 14(4), 225-249.
  • Asongu, S. A. and Roux, S. L. (2017). Enhancing ICT for Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Technological Forecasting & Social Change. 118, 44-54.
  • Chun, H. (2003). Information Technology And The Demand For Educated Workers: Disentangling The Impacts Of Adoption Versus Use, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 85, 1-8.
  • Falk, M. and Seim, K. (1999). The impact of information technology on high-skilled labour in services: evidence from firm level panel data, ZEW Discussion Papers, No. 99-58, Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung.
  • Falk, M. and Seim, K. (2001). Workers' skill level and information technology: a censored regression model, International Journal of Manpower 22(1/2), 98-120.
  • Galve-Górriz, C. and Castel, A.N. (2010). The relationship between human resources and information and communication technologies: Spanish firm-level evidence, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research ISSN 0718–1876 Electronic Version, 5(1), 11-24.
  • Güven, S. and Mert, M. (2016). Uluslararası Turizm Talebinin Eşbütünleşme Analizi: Antalya İçin Panel Ardl Yaklaşımı, C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 133-152. ILO, (2019). Skills shortages and labour migration in the field of information and communication technology in India, Indonesia and Thailand, ILO Publishing, Switzerland.
  • Jevtic, B., Dedianski, S.,Beslac, M., Grozdanic, R. and Papic, Z. (2013). The Impact Of Skilled Workers In Implementing ICT On Firm Performance
  • Karahan, Ö. and Erçakar, M.E. (2018). Bilgi İletişim Teknolojileri Ve İnsan Sermayesi Arasındaki Karşılıklı İlişkinin Analizi, Birinci Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimlerde Kritik Tartışmalar, 5-7 Ekim, İzmir.
  • Ketteni, E., Mamuneas, T. and Stengos, T. (2006). The E§ect of Information Technology and Human Capital on Economic Growth, Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis, Working Paper, 03-07.
  • Murphy, G. and Siedschlag, I.T. (2007). The Effect of Human Capital on Output Growth in ICT Industries: Evidence from OECD countries, ESRI Working Paper No. 184.
  • Murphy, G. and Siedschlag, I.T. (2013). Human Capital and Growth of Information and Communication Technology-intensive Industries: Empirical Evidence from Open Economies, Regional Studies, 47(9) 1403–1424.
  • OECD, (2016). Icts and Jobs: Complements Or Substıtutes? The Effects Of Ict Investment On Labour Demand By Skılls And By Industry In Selected Oecd Countrıes, DSTI/ICCP/IIS(2016)1/Final.
  • Pedroni, P. (2004). Crıtıcalvalues For Coıntegratıon Tests In Heterogeneous Panels Wıth Multıple Regressors, Oxford Bulletın Of Economıcs And Statıstıcs, Specıal Issue, 0305-9049, 653-670.
  • Pesaran, M., Shin, H.Y. and Smith, R.P. (1999), Pooled mean group estimation of dynamic heterogeneous panels, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94, No.446, 621-634.
  • Pesaran, M.H., and Smith, R.P. (1995), Estimating Long-Run Relation- ships From Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels, Journal of Econometrics, 68, 79-113. Tatoğlu, F.Y. (2013). İleri Panel Veri Analizi: Stata Uygulamalı, 2. Baskı, Beta.
  • Tatoğlu, F.Y. (2017). Panel Zaman Serileri Analizi: Stata Uygulamalı, Beta.
  • Tatoğlu, F.Y. (2011). The Relationship Between Human Capital Invesment and Economic Growth: A Panel Error Correction Model, Journla of Economic and Social Research, 13(1), 77-90.
  • Topal, M.H. (2017). Çifte Kazanç Hipotezinin OECD Ekonomileri İçin Testi: Panel Eşbütünleşme ve Nedensellik Analizi, Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(4). 2.20.
  • Wang, Y. and Li, J. (2017). ICT’s effect on trade:Perspective of comparative advantage, Economic Letters, 155, 96-99.
  • Yoon, S.C. (2019). The Impact of ICT Goods Imports on Economic Growth: Evidence from Asia-Pacific Countries, Journal of Korea Trade 23(7), 1-12.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Mehmet Akyol 0000-0002-1173-200X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 39

Kaynak Göster

APA Akyol, M. (2020). The Relationship Between Human Capital And The Export of Information And Communication Technology: A Study of G7 Countries Based on A Panel Error Correction Model Analysis. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 22(39), 239-249.

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