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Türkiye'de Cinsiyet Rolü Tutumları ve Mutluluk: Aile Yapısı Araştırması Mikro Veri Kümesinden Elde Edilen Bulgular

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 18 - 30, 15.06.2023

Esra Karapınar Kocağ

Öz

Bu çalışmada, toplumda cinsiyet rolü tutumlarının egemen olduğu Türkiye örnek ülke olarak incelenerek bu tutumların Türk insanının bireysel mutluluğu üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Cinsiyet rolü tutumlarını ölçmek için TÜİK'ten alınan Aile Yapısı Araştırması Mikro Veri Seti 2021'den üç özel soru kullanıldı. “Çocuk annenin çalışma hayatını olumsuz etkiler”, “Sağlıklı bir aile hayatı için kadının düzenli bir işi olması gerekir” ve “Erkeklerin asli görevi evin geçimini sağlamaktır” ifadelerine katılıp katılmadıklarına ilişkin bu sorular Türkiye'de bireysel genel mutluluğu etkileyebileceği beklenmektedir.
Bulgular, “çocuk annenin iş hayatını olumsuz etkiler” şeklinde düşünmenin, “sağlıklı bir aile hayatı için kadının düzenli bir işi olması gerektiğini kabul etmenin” mutlu olma olasılığını azalttığını göstermektedir. Ancak “erkeğin asli görevi evin geçimini sağlamak” şeklinde düşünen toplumsal cinsiyet rolü tutumlarının üçüncü ölçüsü, mutlu olma olasılığını artırmaktadır. Bu bulgular, ülkenin mevcut işgücü piyasası ve uluslararası sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedefleri beklentileriyle çelişen geleneksel cinsiyet rolü tutumlarına sahip olmaya yönelik özelliklerinin bireysel mutluluğu önemli ölçüde etkilediğini doğrulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

mutluluk cinsiyet rolü tutumları bireysel düzey verileri TÜİK

Kaynakça

  • Adana, F., Arslantaş, H., Ergin, F., Biçer, N., Kıranşal, N., & Şahin, S. (2011). Views of Male University Students About Social Gender Roles; An Example From East of Turkey. Journal of Family Violence, 26(7), 519–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-011-9385-1
  • Akcinar, B. (2018). Gender role attitudes and its determinants for women in Turkey. Current Debates in Gender and Cultural Studies, 37–47.
  • Akerlof, G. A., & Kranton, R. E. (2000). Economics and Identity. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3), 715–753. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2586894
  • Alan Dikmen, H., & Ilknur Munevver, G. (2020). The relationship between domestic violence and the attitudes of women towards honor, gender roles, and wife-beating in Turkey. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 34(5), 421–426. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.07.012
  • Allen, S. M., & Webster, P. S. (2001). When Wıves Get Sıck: Gender Role Attitudes, Marital Happiness, and Husbands’ Contribution to Household Labor. Gender & Society, 15(6), 898–916. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124301015006007
  • Caner, A., Guven, C., Okten, C., & Sakalli, S. O. (2016). Gender Roles and the Education Gender Gap in Turkey. Social Indicators Research, 129(3), 1231–1254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1163-7
  • Crompton, R., & Lyonette, C. (2006). Work-Life ‘Balance’ in Europe. Acta Sociologica, 49(4), 379–393. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699306071680
  • Diaz, T., & Bui, N. H. (2017). Subjective Well-Being in Mexican and Mexican American Women: The Role of Acculturation, Ethnic Identity, Gender Roles, and Perceived Social Support. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(2), 607–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9741-1
  • Hori, M., & Kamo, Y. (2018). Gender Differences in Happiness: the Effects of Marriage, Social Roles, and Social Support in East Asia. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 13(4), 839–857. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-017-9559-y
  • Kavas, S. (2021). Gender Role Attitudes and Parents’ Intention to Continue Childbearing in Turkey . Comparative Population Studies, 46(SE-Research Articles). https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2021-18
  • Lu, L. (2000). Gender and Conjugal Differences in Happiness. The Journal of Social Psychology, 140(1), 132–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540009600451
  • Meisenberg, G., & Woodley, M. A. (2015). Gender Differences in Subjective Well-Being and Their Relationships with Gender Equality. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(6), 1539–1555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9577-5
  • OECD. (2016). Walking the tightrope: Background brief on parents’ work-life balance across the stages of childhood. https://www.oecd.org/social/family/Background-brief-parents-work-life-balance-stages-childhood.pdf
  • Qian, Y., & Qian, Z. (2015). Work, Family, and Gendered Happiness Among Married People in Urban China. Social Indicators Research, 121(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0623-9
  • Reddy, N. K., Vranda, M. N., Ahmed, A., Nirmala, B. P., & Siddaramu, B. (2010). Work-life balance among married women employees. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 32(2), 112–118.
  • Salland, J., & Dewenter, R. (2021). Income comparison and happiness within households (Issue 191). Helmut-Schmidt-Universität - Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Fächergruppe Volkswirtschaftslehre. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/266500
  • Stavrova, O., Fetchenhauer, D., & Schlösser, T. (2011). Cohabitation, Gender, and Happiness: A Cross-Cultural Study in Thirty Countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(7), 1063–1081. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111419030
  • Sweida, G., & Sherman, C. L. (2020). Does Happiness Launch More Businesses? Affect, Gender, and Entrepreneurial Intention. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 17, Issue 18). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186908
  • TurkStat, Turkish Statistical Institute, Group B Micro Data, Family Structure Survey Micro Data Set 2021. UN. (2022). The Sustainable Development Goals Report. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2022/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2022.pdf
  • Verma, D. S., & Gautam, R. S. (2022). The Effect of Education on Working Women for Work-Life Balance. Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 5(9), 458–592.
  • Yildirim, A. (1997). Gender role influences on Turkish adolescents’ self-identity. Adolescence, 32(125), 217.
  • Zhao, Y., Ye, B., & Shi, J. (2022). Gender identity, preference, and relative income within households. China Economic Review, 71, 101741. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101741

Gender Role Attitudes and Happiness in Turkey: Evidence from Family Structure Survey Micro Data Set

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 18 - 30, 15.06.2023

Esra Karapınar Kocağ

Öz

In this study, Turkey where gender role attitudes prevail in the society was examined as case country to understand if these attitudes have any impact on individual happiness of Turkish people. To measure gender role attitudes, three particular questions from Family Structure Survey Micro Data Set 2021 that was obtained from TurkStat were used. These questions that are about whether respondents agree “The child negatively affects the mother's work life”, “For a healthy family life, a woman should have a regular job”, and “The man's primary duty is to provide for the household” are expected to influence individual overall happiness in Turkey.
Findings show that thinking in a way of “the child negatively affects the mother's work life”, and “agreeing a woman should have a regular job for a healthy family life” decreases the probability of being happy. However, the third measure of gender role attitudes that is thinking in a way that “the man's primary duty is to provide for the household” increases the probability of being happy. These findings confirms that country’s characteristics towards having a traditional gender role attitudes that contradict the current labour market and international sustainable development goals expectations significantly affect individual happiness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

happiness gender role attitudes individual level data TurkStat

Kaynakça

  • Adana, F., Arslantaş, H., Ergin, F., Biçer, N., Kıranşal, N., & Şahin, S. (2011). Views of Male University Students About Social Gender Roles; An Example From East of Turkey. Journal of Family Violence, 26(7), 519–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-011-9385-1
  • Akcinar, B. (2018). Gender role attitudes and its determinants for women in Turkey. Current Debates in Gender and Cultural Studies, 37–47.
  • Akerlof, G. A., & Kranton, R. E. (2000). Economics and Identity. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3), 715–753. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2586894
  • Alan Dikmen, H., & Ilknur Munevver, G. (2020). The relationship between domestic violence and the attitudes of women towards honor, gender roles, and wife-beating in Turkey. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 34(5), 421–426. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.07.012
  • Allen, S. M., & Webster, P. S. (2001). When Wıves Get Sıck: Gender Role Attitudes, Marital Happiness, and Husbands’ Contribution to Household Labor. Gender & Society, 15(6), 898–916. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124301015006007
  • Caner, A., Guven, C., Okten, C., & Sakalli, S. O. (2016). Gender Roles and the Education Gender Gap in Turkey. Social Indicators Research, 129(3), 1231–1254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-1163-7
  • Crompton, R., & Lyonette, C. (2006). Work-Life ‘Balance’ in Europe. Acta Sociologica, 49(4), 379–393. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699306071680
  • Diaz, T., & Bui, N. H. (2017). Subjective Well-Being in Mexican and Mexican American Women: The Role of Acculturation, Ethnic Identity, Gender Roles, and Perceived Social Support. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(2), 607–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9741-1
  • Hori, M., & Kamo, Y. (2018). Gender Differences in Happiness: the Effects of Marriage, Social Roles, and Social Support in East Asia. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 13(4), 839–857. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-017-9559-y
  • Kavas, S. (2021). Gender Role Attitudes and Parents’ Intention to Continue Childbearing in Turkey . Comparative Population Studies, 46(SE-Research Articles). https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2021-18
  • Lu, L. (2000). Gender and Conjugal Differences in Happiness. The Journal of Social Psychology, 140(1), 132–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224540009600451
  • Meisenberg, G., & Woodley, M. A. (2015). Gender Differences in Subjective Well-Being and Their Relationships with Gender Equality. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(6), 1539–1555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9577-5
  • OECD. (2016). Walking the tightrope: Background brief on parents’ work-life balance across the stages of childhood. https://www.oecd.org/social/family/Background-brief-parents-work-life-balance-stages-childhood.pdf
  • Qian, Y., & Qian, Z. (2015). Work, Family, and Gendered Happiness Among Married People in Urban China. Social Indicators Research, 121(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0623-9
  • Reddy, N. K., Vranda, M. N., Ahmed, A., Nirmala, B. P., & Siddaramu, B. (2010). Work-life balance among married women employees. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 32(2), 112–118.
  • Salland, J., & Dewenter, R. (2021). Income comparison and happiness within households (Issue 191). Helmut-Schmidt-Universität - Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Fächergruppe Volkswirtschaftslehre. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/266500
  • Stavrova, O., Fetchenhauer, D., & Schlösser, T. (2011). Cohabitation, Gender, and Happiness: A Cross-Cultural Study in Thirty Countries. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(7), 1063–1081. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111419030
  • Sweida, G., & Sherman, C. L. (2020). Does Happiness Launch More Businesses? Affect, Gender, and Entrepreneurial Intention. In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (Vol. 17, Issue 18). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186908
  • TurkStat, Turkish Statistical Institute, Group B Micro Data, Family Structure Survey Micro Data Set 2021. UN. (2022). The Sustainable Development Goals Report. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2022/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2022.pdf
  • Verma, D. S., & Gautam, R. S. (2022). The Effect of Education on Working Women for Work-Life Balance. Iconic Research and Engineering Journals, 5(9), 458–592.
  • Yildirim, A. (1997). Gender role influences on Turkish adolescents’ self-identity. Adolescence, 32(125), 217.
  • Zhao, Y., Ye, B., & Shi, J. (2022). Gender identity, preference, and relative income within households. China Economic Review, 71, 101741. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2021.101741
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Esra Karapınar Kocağ 0000-0002-2239-0519

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Karapınar Kocağ, E. (2023). Gender Role Attitudes and Happiness in Turkey: Evidence from Family Structure Survey Micro Data Set. Paradigma: İktisadi Ve İdari Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(1), 18-30.
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