Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

RELATIONS BETWEEN MENTAL DISEASES, PER CAPITA INCOME AND SOME SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES: RESEARCHES ON BRICS-T COUNTRIES

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 138 - 157, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1248768

Öz

Mental illnesses are one of the great social problems of the last period. Mental diseases, which are an important public health problem in the changing and developing world, can be considered as an output of the economic development process. From this point of view, the relationship between mental diseases, which is one of the outputs of the economic development process, and some socioeconomic variables in the BRICS-T countries, which have an important place in the world economy, has been investigated in the study. In this study, the effects of variables representing the level of income per capita and education, health, democracy, and income distribution on mental diseases for the period 1990-2019 were investigated with the help of the Kuznets model. Firstly, descriptive statistics, heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and cross-section dependency tests were applied. Secondly, GLS and Driscoll-Kraay estimation tests used in the estimation process, and it was determined that there was a U-shaped relationship between mental illnesses and per capita income in the BRICS-T country group. Konya causality test applied to determine the causality relationships between the variables. According to the results, it has been determined that there are some unidirectional and bidirectional causality relationships both in some country groups and between some variables.

Kaynakça

  • Busse, M., & Hefeker, C. (2007). Political risk, institutions and foreign direct investment. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 397-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2006.02.003
  • Chen, J., & Chen, S. (2015). Mental health effects of perceived living environment and neighborhood safety in urbanizing China. Habitat International, 46, 101–110. https://doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.11.002.
  • Dinda, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A survey. Ecological Economics. 49, 431-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.02.011.
  • Dorling, D., Mitchell R., & Pearce J. (2007). The global impact of income inequality on health by age: an observational study. BMJ. 7;335(7625):873. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39349.507315.DE.
  • Elgar, J. E., Pförtner, T. K., Moor, I., De Clercq, B., Stevens, G. J. M., & Currie, C. (2015). Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health 2002–2010: a time-series analysis of 34 countries participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, The Lancet, Volume 385, Issue 9982, 2088-2095. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61460-4.
  • Fotourhchi, Z. (2015). İktisadi büyüme, sağlık ve çevresel tahribatın karşılıklı ilişkisi: ampirik bir değerlendirme. yayımlanmış doktora tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İktisat Anabilim Dalı. Ankara. Kennedy, P. (1992). A Guide to Econometrics, Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Kónya, L. (2006). Exports and growth: granger causality analysis on OECD countries with a panel data approach. Economic Modelling, (23), 978-992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2006.04.008.
  • Li, W., Wang, Z., Wang, G., Ip, P., Sun, X., Jiang, Y., & Jiang, F. (2021). Socioeconomic inequality in child mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: First evidence from China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 287, 8-14, DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.009.
  • Li, X., Stanton, B., Fang, X., & Lin, D. (2006). Social stigma and mental health among rural-to-urban migrants in china: a conceptual framework and future research needs. World Health and Population, 8(2), 14-31. doi: 10.12927/whp.2006.18282.
  • Lyu, S., & Sun, J. (2020). How does personal relative deprivation affect mental health among the older adults in China? Evidence from panel data analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 612-619. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.084.
  • Marquardt, D. W. (1970). Generalized inverses, ridge regression, biased linear estimation, and nonlinear estimation, Technometrics, (12), 591–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1970.10488699.
  • Mason, R. L., Gunst, R. F., & Hess, J. L. (1989). Statistical Design and Analysis of Experiments: Applications to Engineering and Science, New York: Wiley.
  • Menard, S. (1995). An introduction to logistic regression diagnostics. Applied logistic regression analysis, CA: Sage. p. 58-79.
  • O’brien, R. M. (2007). A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors, Quality & Quantity, (41), 673–690. doi: 10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6.
  • Odugbesan, J.A., Rjoub, H., Ifediora, C.U. et al. (2021). Do financial regulations matters for sustainable green economy: evidence from Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 28, 56642–56657. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14645-4.
  • Patel, V., Bırns, J. K., Dhingra, M., Tarver, L., Kohrt, B.A., & Lund, C. (2018). Income inequality and depression: a systematic review andmeta-analysis of the association and a scoping review of mechanisms. World Psychiatry, 17, 76-89. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20492.
  • Pickett, K. E., James, O. W., & Wilkinson, R. G. (2006). Income inequality and the prevalence of mental illness: a preliminary international analysis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60(7), 646–647. doi: 10.1136/jech.2006.046631
  • Rohde, N., Tang, K. K., Osberg, L., & Rao, P. (2016). The effect of economic insecurity on mental health: Recent evidence from Australian panel data. Social Science & Medicine, 151, 250–258. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.12.014.
  • Safaei, J. (2012). Socioeconomic and demographic determinants of mental health across Canadian communities. The Internet Journal of Mental Health, 8(1), 1-13. DOI: 10.5580/2c23.
  • Singh, G. K., & Siahpush M. (2006). Widening socioeconomic inequalities in US life expectancy, 1980-2000. Int J Epidemiol, 35(4): 969-79. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyl083.
  • Scheve A., Bandawe C., Kohler H., P., & Kohler I.V. (2022). Mental health and life- course shocks in a low-income country: Evidence from Malawi. SSM - Population Health, 101098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022. Solt, F. (2018) The standardized world income inequality database. Harvard Dataverse.
  • Tampubolon, G., & Hanandita, W. (2014). Poverty and mental health in Indonesia. Social Science & Medicine, 106, 20–27. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.012 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.012.
  • Song, A., Kim, W. (2020). The association between relative income and depressive symptoms in adults: Findings from a nationwide survey in Korea. Journal of Affective Disorders, 263, 236–240. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.149.
  • Uutela, A. (2010). Economic crisis and mental health. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 23(2), 127-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328336657d.
  • WHO. (2018). Mental health: strengthening our response, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
  • Wooldridge, J. (2010). Econometric Analysis Of Cross Section And Panel Data, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Ventriglio, A., Torales, J., Castaldelli-Maia, J., De Berardis, D., Bhugra, D. (2021). Urbanization and emerging mental health issues. CNS Spectrums, 26(1), 43-50. doi:10.1017/S1092852920001236.
  • Zellner, A. (1962). An Efficient Method of Estimating Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Tests for Aggregation Bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 57, No. 298, pp. 348-368.
  • Zeeman, L. Collin DF. Batra A, et al. (2021). How does income affect mental health and health behaviours? A quasi-experimental study of the earned income tax credit. J Epidemiol Community Health, 75:929–935.

MENTAL HASTALIKLAR, KİŞİ BAŞINA GELİR VE BAZI SOSYO-EKONOMİK DEĞİŞKENLER ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER: BRICS-T ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE ARAŞTIRMALAR

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 138 - 157, 31.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1248768

Öz

Mental hastalıklar son dönemin en büyük toplumsal sorunlarından biridir. Değişen ve gelişen dünyada önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olan mental hastalıklar, ekonomik gelişme sürecinin bir çıktısı olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmada dünya ekonomisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan BRICS-T ülkelerinde ekonomik kalkınma sürecinin çıktılarından biri olan ruhsal hastalıkların bazı sosyoekonomik değişkenler ile ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, 1990-2019 dönemi için kişi başına düşen gelir düzeyi ile eğitim, sağlık, demokrasi ve gelir dağılımını temsil eden değişkenlerin ruhsal hastalıklar üzerindeki etkisi Kuznets modeli yardımıyla araştırılmıştır. İlk olarak tanımlayıcı istatistikler, heteroskadastisite, otokorelasyon ve yatay kesit bağımlılık testleri uygulanmıştır. İkinci olarak tahmin sürecinde GLS ve Driscoll-Kraay tahmin testleri kullanılmış ve BRICS-T ülke grubunda ruhsal hastalıklar ile kişi başına düşen gelir arasında “U” şeklinde bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkilerini belirlemek için Konya nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre hem bazı ülke gruplarında hem de bazı değişkenler arasında tek yönlü ve çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkilerinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Busse, M., & Hefeker, C. (2007). Political risk, institutions and foreign direct investment. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 397-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2006.02.003
  • Chen, J., & Chen, S. (2015). Mental health effects of perceived living environment and neighborhood safety in urbanizing China. Habitat International, 46, 101–110. https://doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.11.002.
  • Dinda, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A survey. Ecological Economics. 49, 431-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.02.011.
  • Dorling, D., Mitchell R., & Pearce J. (2007). The global impact of income inequality on health by age: an observational study. BMJ. 7;335(7625):873. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39349.507315.DE.
  • Elgar, J. E., Pförtner, T. K., Moor, I., De Clercq, B., Stevens, G. J. M., & Currie, C. (2015). Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health 2002–2010: a time-series analysis of 34 countries participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, The Lancet, Volume 385, Issue 9982, 2088-2095. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61460-4.
  • Fotourhchi, Z. (2015). İktisadi büyüme, sağlık ve çevresel tahribatın karşılıklı ilişkisi: ampirik bir değerlendirme. yayımlanmış doktora tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İktisat Anabilim Dalı. Ankara. Kennedy, P. (1992). A Guide to Econometrics, Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Kónya, L. (2006). Exports and growth: granger causality analysis on OECD countries with a panel data approach. Economic Modelling, (23), 978-992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2006.04.008.
  • Li, W., Wang, Z., Wang, G., Ip, P., Sun, X., Jiang, Y., & Jiang, F. (2021). Socioeconomic inequality in child mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: First evidence from China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 287, 8-14, DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.009.
  • Li, X., Stanton, B., Fang, X., & Lin, D. (2006). Social stigma and mental health among rural-to-urban migrants in china: a conceptual framework and future research needs. World Health and Population, 8(2), 14-31. doi: 10.12927/whp.2006.18282.
  • Lyu, S., & Sun, J. (2020). How does personal relative deprivation affect mental health among the older adults in China? Evidence from panel data analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 612-619. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.084.
  • Marquardt, D. W. (1970). Generalized inverses, ridge regression, biased linear estimation, and nonlinear estimation, Technometrics, (12), 591–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1970.10488699.
  • Mason, R. L., Gunst, R. F., & Hess, J. L. (1989). Statistical Design and Analysis of Experiments: Applications to Engineering and Science, New York: Wiley.
  • Menard, S. (1995). An introduction to logistic regression diagnostics. Applied logistic regression analysis, CA: Sage. p. 58-79.
  • O’brien, R. M. (2007). A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors, Quality & Quantity, (41), 673–690. doi: 10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6.
  • Odugbesan, J.A., Rjoub, H., Ifediora, C.U. et al. (2021). Do financial regulations matters for sustainable green economy: evidence from Turkey. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 28, 56642–56657. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14645-4.
  • Patel, V., Bırns, J. K., Dhingra, M., Tarver, L., Kohrt, B.A., & Lund, C. (2018). Income inequality and depression: a systematic review andmeta-analysis of the association and a scoping review of mechanisms. World Psychiatry, 17, 76-89. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20492.
  • Pickett, K. E., James, O. W., & Wilkinson, R. G. (2006). Income inequality and the prevalence of mental illness: a preliminary international analysis. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60(7), 646–647. doi: 10.1136/jech.2006.046631
  • Rohde, N., Tang, K. K., Osberg, L., & Rao, P. (2016). The effect of economic insecurity on mental health: Recent evidence from Australian panel data. Social Science & Medicine, 151, 250–258. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.12.014.
  • Safaei, J. (2012). Socioeconomic and demographic determinants of mental health across Canadian communities. The Internet Journal of Mental Health, 8(1), 1-13. DOI: 10.5580/2c23.
  • Singh, G. K., & Siahpush M. (2006). Widening socioeconomic inequalities in US life expectancy, 1980-2000. Int J Epidemiol, 35(4): 969-79. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyl083.
  • Scheve A., Bandawe C., Kohler H., P., & Kohler I.V. (2022). Mental health and life- course shocks in a low-income country: Evidence from Malawi. SSM - Population Health, 101098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022. Solt, F. (2018) The standardized world income inequality database. Harvard Dataverse.
  • Tampubolon, G., & Hanandita, W. (2014). Poverty and mental health in Indonesia. Social Science & Medicine, 106, 20–27. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.012 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.01.012.
  • Song, A., Kim, W. (2020). The association between relative income and depressive symptoms in adults: Findings from a nationwide survey in Korea. Journal of Affective Disorders, 263, 236–240. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.149.
  • Uutela, A. (2010). Economic crisis and mental health. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 23(2), 127-130. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328336657d.
  • WHO. (2018). Mental health: strengthening our response, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
  • Wooldridge, J. (2010). Econometric Analysis Of Cross Section And Panel Data, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Ventriglio, A., Torales, J., Castaldelli-Maia, J., De Berardis, D., Bhugra, D. (2021). Urbanization and emerging mental health issues. CNS Spectrums, 26(1), 43-50. doi:10.1017/S1092852920001236.
  • Zellner, A. (1962). An Efficient Method of Estimating Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Tests for Aggregation Bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 57, No. 298, pp. 348-368.
  • Zeeman, L. Collin DF. Batra A, et al. (2021). How does income affect mental health and health behaviours? A quasi-experimental study of the earned income tax credit. J Epidemiol Community Health, 75:929–935.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlığın Sosyal Belirleyicileri, Halk Sağlığı (Diğer), Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ömer Faruk Gültekin 0000-0002-4832-4683

Ömer Selçuk Emsen 0000-0002-1809-0513

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 8 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Şubat 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gültekin, Ö. F., & Emsen, Ö. S. (2023). RELATIONS BETWEEN MENTAL DISEASES, PER CAPITA INCOME AND SOME SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES: RESEARCHES ON BRICS-T COUNTRIES. Sağlık Ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 138-157. https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1248768


Bu dergide yayınlanan tüm çalışmalar, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0 ) International License kapsamında lisanslanmıştır. 

Bu lisansın bir kopyasını görüntülemek için http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ adresini ziyaret edin.