Sistematik Derlemeler ve Meta Analiz
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Covid-19 Pandemi Döneminde Sağlık Çalışanlarına Yönelik Şiddet Kavramı Üzerine Sistematik Bir Derleme

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 23, 31.03.2024

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 pandemi döneminde sağlık çalışanlarının karşılaştığı şiddet olayları ile ilgili Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection veritabanında yayımlanmış olan çalışmaların sistematik bir değerlendirmesini yapmaktır. Çalışmada WoS veritabanında arama kriteri olarak “COVID-19, Violence, Healthcare Workers, Healthcare Professionals, Violence Against Doctors, Violance Against Nurses” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılmıştır. Tarama sonucu elde edilen 373 çalışmadan dili İngilizce olan, tam metnine erişilebilen, sağlık çalışanlarında şiddet ile ilgili yapılmış olan toplam 42 çalışma değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Çalışmalar; yayım yılı, gerçekleştirilen ülkelere göre dağılımı, çalışmaların genel bilgileri, Web of Science kategorileri, temel alanlar listesi ve yayımlanan çalışmaların kaynakçalarında yer alan anahtar kelimelerin sıklığına dair bilgiler açısından derlenmiştir. COVID-19 pandemi döneminde sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik şiddet kavramı ile ilgili yayımlanan çalışmaların en fazla Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’nde gerçekleştirildiği, Social Science Citation Index veri tabanında yayınlanan makale sayısının toplam makalelerin % 64,29’unu oluşturduğu, çalışmaların en fazla halk sağlığı (%31) alanında yayımlandığı tespit edilmiştir. COVID-19 pandemi döneminde sağlık çalışanlarının şiddete maruziyetinin arttığı, şiddet açısından hekim ve hemşirelerin en riskli meslek grupları arasında yer aldığı, çalışanların en fazla sözlü şiddete maruz kaldığı, şiddetin en fazla hasta yakınları tarafından uygulandığı, yaşanan şiddet olaylarının önemli bir kısmının raporlanmadığı görülmüştür. Kadınların, COVID-19 servisinde bakım vermenin, hekim olmanın ve acil servis çalışanlarının şiddet açısından yüksek risk faktörleri arasında yer aldığı görülmüştür. Şiddetin sağlık çalışanlarında strese, tükenmişliğe, işten ayrılma niyetinde artışa, anksiyete, yorgunluk ve korkuya, yaşam kalitesinde düşüşe neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları şiddetin önlenmesine yönelik sağlık politikalarına ve stratejilerine acil düzeyde ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Akça, N., Kaya, M. ve Sönmez, S. (2022). Pandemi döneminin sağlık çalışanına yönelik şiddet olaylarına etkisi: Yazılı basın üzerine bir araştırma. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(24), 178-191.
  • Alfuqaha, O. A., Albawati, N. M., Alhiary, S. S., Alhalaiqa, F. N., Haha, M. D. F. F., Musa, S. S., ... ve Al Thaher, Y. (2022). Workplace violence among healthcare providers during the COVID-19 health emergency: A cross-sectional study. Behavioral Sciences, 12(4), 106. doi:10.3390/bs12040106
  • Arafa, A., Shehata, A., Youssef, M. ve Senosy, S. (2022). Violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study from Egypt. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 77(8), 621-627. doi:10.1080/19338244.2021.1982854
  • Basis, F., Moskovitz, K. ve Tzafrir, S. (2021). Did the events following the COVID-19 outbreak influence the incidents of violence against hospital staff? Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 10(1), 36. doi:10.1186/s13584-021-00471-z
  • Bellizzi, S., Pichierri, G., Farina, G., Cegolon, L. ve Abdelbaki, W. (2021). Violence Against Healthcare: A Public Health Issue beyond Conflict Settings. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 106(1), 15-16. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.21-0979
  • Bhatti, O. A., Rauf, H., Aziz, N., Martins, R. S. ve Khan, J. A. (2021). Violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review of incidents from a lower-middle-income country. Annals of Global Health, 87(1). doi:10.5334/aogh.3203
  • Bitencourt, M. R., Alarcão, A. C. J., Silva, L. L., Dutra, A. D. C., Caruzzo, N. M., Roszkowski, I., ... ve Carvalho, M. D. D. B. (2021). Predictors of violence against health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 16(6), e0253398. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253398
  • Brigo, F., Zaboli, A., Rella, E., Sibilio, S., Canelles, M. F., Magnarelli, G., ... ve Turcato, G. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on temporal trends of workplace violence against healthcare workers in the emergency department. Health Policy, 126(11), 1110-1116. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.09.010
  • Byon, H. D., Sagherian, K., Kim, Y., Lipscomb, J., Crandall, M. ve Steege, L. (2022). Nurses’ experience with type II workplace violence and underreporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Workplace Health & Safety, 70(9), 412-420. doi:10.1177/21650799211031233
  • Caruso, R., Toffanin, T., Folesani, F., Biancosino, B., Romagnolo, F., Riba, M. B., ... ve Grassi, L. (2022). Violence against physicians in the workplace: Trends, causes, consequences, and strategies for intervention. Current Psychiatry Reports, 24(12), 911-924. doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01398-1
  • del Carpio-Toia, A. M., Del Carpio, L. B. M., Mayta-Tristan, P., Alarcón-Yaquetto, D. E. ve Málaga, G. (2021). Workplace violence against physicians treating COVID-19 patients in Peru: a cross-sectional study. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 47(10), 637-645. doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2021.06.002
  • Díaz, A., Utzet, M., Mirabent, J., Diaz, P., Ramada, J. M., Serra, C. ve Benavides, F. G. (2023). Workplace aggression against healthcare workers in a Spanish healthcare institution between 2019 and 2021: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1070171. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1070171
  • Dopelt, K., Davidovitch, N., Stupak, A., Ben Ayun, R., Lev Eltsufin, A. ve Levy, C. (2022). Workplace violence against hospital workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel: implications for public health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 4659. doi:10.3390/ijerph19084659
  • Ekşi, A., Gümüşsoy, S., Utanır Altay, S. ve Kirazlı, G. (2022). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence against pre-hospital emergency health workers. Work, (Preprint), 1-6. doi:10.3233/WOR-220147
  • Elsaid, N. M. A. B., Ibrahim, O., Abdel-Fatah, Z. F., Hassan, H. A., Hegazy, M. H., Anwar, M. M. ve Soliman, H. H. (2022). Violence against healthcare workers during coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Egypt: A cross-sectional study. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 12(1), 45. doi:10.1080/19338244.2021.1982854
  • Garcia-Zamora, S., Pulido, L., Miranda-Arboleda, A. F., Garcia, D. E., Perez, G., Priotti, M., ... ve Baranchuk, A. (2022). Aggression, micro-aggression, and abuse against health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A Latin American Survey. Current Problems in Cardiology, 47(10), 101296. doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101296
  • George, C. E., Inbaraj, L. R., Rajukutty, S. ve De Witte, L. P. (2020). Challenges, experience and coping of health professionals in delivering healthcare in an urban slum in India during the first 40 days of COVID-19 crisis: A mixed method study. BMJ Open, 10(11), e042171. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042171
  • Ghareeb, N. S., El-Shafei, D. A. ve Eladl, A. M. (2021). Workplace violence among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in a Jordanian governmental hospital: The tip of the iceberg. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(43), 61441-61449. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-15112-w
  • Guo, Y. Q., Huang, J., Xu, N. N. ve Ma, X. J. (2022). Worker characteristics and measures associated with patient and visitor violence in the COVID-19 pandemic: A multilevel regression analysis from China. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 877843. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.877843
  • Hür, G. (2021). PRISMA Kontrol Listesi 2020 Güncellemesi. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 603-605. doi:10.26453/otjhs.1001606
  • Güvener, H., Aytekin, M. ve Bağcı, E. (2023). COVID-19 pandemisi sonrası sağlık çalışanlarının şiddet algısı. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 22(3), 912-931. doi:10.21547/jss.1300156
  • Lafta, R., Qusay, N., Mary, M. ve Burnham, G. (2021). Violence against doctors in Iraq during the time of COVID-19. PLoS One, 16(8), e0254401. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254401
  • Mansoor, M. ve Najam, S. (2023). Revisiting COVID-19 and occupational mental health. Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 33(4), 477-478. doi:10.29271/jcpsp.2023.04.477
  • Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A. ve PRISMA-P Group. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 1-9. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
  • Molero Jurado, M. D. M., Gázquez Linares, J. J., Pérez‐Fuentes, M. D. C. ve Martos Martínez, Á. (2023). Aggression and burnout in nurses during COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 25(1), 130-140. doi:10.1111/nhs.13001
  • Musse, J. L. L., Musse, F. C. C., Pelloso, S. M. ve Carvalho, M. D. D. B. (2022). Violence against health personnel before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 68, 1524-1529. doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20220345
  • Ojo, A., Guntuku, S. C., Zheng, M., Beidas, R. S. ve Ranney, M. L. (2021). How health care workers wield influence through Twitter hashtags: Retrospective cross-sectional study of the gun violence and COVID-19 public health crises. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(1), e24562. doi:10.2196/24562
  • Özkan Şat, S., Akbaş, P. ve Yaman Sözbir, Ş. (2021). Nurses' exposure to violence and their professional commitment during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30(13-14), 2036-2047. doi:10.1111/jocn.15760
  • Qi, M., Hu, X., Liu, J., Wen, J., Hu, X., Wang, Z. ve Shi, X. (2022). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence among healthcare workers in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 938423. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.938423
  • Saravanan, R., Swetha, N., Thatiparthi, S. ve Anantha Eashwar, V. M. (2022). Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on career choice among medical postgraduate aspirants in Chennai: A cross-sectional Study. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 16(11). doi:10.7860/JCDR/2022/58305.17160
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A Systematic Review On The Concept Of Violence Against Healthcare Workers During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 1 - 23, 31.03.2024

Öz

The aim of this study is to make a systematic evaluation of the studies published in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database on violence faced by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the study, the keywords "COVID-19, Violence, Healthcare Workers, Healthcare Professionals, Violence Against Doctors, Violence Against Nurses" were used as search criteria in the WoS database. Of the 373 studies obtained as a result of the screening, a total of 42 studies on violence against healthcare workers whose language was English and whose full text could be accessed were included in the evaluation. Studies: the publication year, distribution by country, general information of the studies, Web of Science categories, the list of main fields, and the frequency of the keywords in the bibliography of the published studies were compiled. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the studies published on the concept of violence against healthcare workers were carried out in the United States. The number of articles published in the Social Science Citation Index database constituted 64.29% of the total articles, and the studies were mostly in public health (31%). It has been observed that the exposure of healthcare workers to violence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic; physicians and nurses are among the most risky occupational groups in terms of violence; the employees are most exposed to verbal violence; the violence is mostly applied by the relatives of the patients; and a significant part of the violence cases are not reported. It was found that women providing care in the COVID-19 service, being physicians, and being emergency service workers are among the high-risk factors for violence. It has been determined that violence causes stress, burnout, an increase in the intention to leave, anxiety, fatigue, and fear, and a decrease in the quality of life for healthcare workers. The study's findings demonstrate the urgent need for health policies and strategies to prevent violence.

Kaynakça

  • Akça, N., Kaya, M. ve Sönmez, S. (2022). Pandemi döneminin sağlık çalışanına yönelik şiddet olaylarına etkisi: Yazılı basın üzerine bir araştırma. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(24), 178-191.
  • Alfuqaha, O. A., Albawati, N. M., Alhiary, S. S., Alhalaiqa, F. N., Haha, M. D. F. F., Musa, S. S., ... ve Al Thaher, Y. (2022). Workplace violence among healthcare providers during the COVID-19 health emergency: A cross-sectional study. Behavioral Sciences, 12(4), 106. doi:10.3390/bs12040106
  • Arafa, A., Shehata, A., Youssef, M. ve Senosy, S. (2022). Violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study from Egypt. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 77(8), 621-627. doi:10.1080/19338244.2021.1982854
  • Basis, F., Moskovitz, K. ve Tzafrir, S. (2021). Did the events following the COVID-19 outbreak influence the incidents of violence against hospital staff? Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 10(1), 36. doi:10.1186/s13584-021-00471-z
  • Bellizzi, S., Pichierri, G., Farina, G., Cegolon, L. ve Abdelbaki, W. (2021). Violence Against Healthcare: A Public Health Issue beyond Conflict Settings. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 106(1), 15-16. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.21-0979
  • Bhatti, O. A., Rauf, H., Aziz, N., Martins, R. S. ve Khan, J. A. (2021). Violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review of incidents from a lower-middle-income country. Annals of Global Health, 87(1). doi:10.5334/aogh.3203
  • Bitencourt, M. R., Alarcão, A. C. J., Silva, L. L., Dutra, A. D. C., Caruzzo, N. M., Roszkowski, I., ... ve Carvalho, M. D. D. B. (2021). Predictors of violence against health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 16(6), e0253398. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253398
  • Brigo, F., Zaboli, A., Rella, E., Sibilio, S., Canelles, M. F., Magnarelli, G., ... ve Turcato, G. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on temporal trends of workplace violence against healthcare workers in the emergency department. Health Policy, 126(11), 1110-1116. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.09.010
  • Byon, H. D., Sagherian, K., Kim, Y., Lipscomb, J., Crandall, M. ve Steege, L. (2022). Nurses’ experience with type II workplace violence and underreporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Workplace Health & Safety, 70(9), 412-420. doi:10.1177/21650799211031233
  • Caruso, R., Toffanin, T., Folesani, F., Biancosino, B., Romagnolo, F., Riba, M. B., ... ve Grassi, L. (2022). Violence against physicians in the workplace: Trends, causes, consequences, and strategies for intervention. Current Psychiatry Reports, 24(12), 911-924. doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01398-1
  • del Carpio-Toia, A. M., Del Carpio, L. B. M., Mayta-Tristan, P., Alarcón-Yaquetto, D. E. ve Málaga, G. (2021). Workplace violence against physicians treating COVID-19 patients in Peru: a cross-sectional study. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 47(10), 637-645. doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2021.06.002
  • Díaz, A., Utzet, M., Mirabent, J., Diaz, P., Ramada, J. M., Serra, C. ve Benavides, F. G. (2023). Workplace aggression against healthcare workers in a Spanish healthcare institution between 2019 and 2021: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1070171. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1070171
  • Dopelt, K., Davidovitch, N., Stupak, A., Ben Ayun, R., Lev Eltsufin, A. ve Levy, C. (2022). Workplace violence against hospital workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel: implications for public health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 4659. doi:10.3390/ijerph19084659
  • Ekşi, A., Gümüşsoy, S., Utanır Altay, S. ve Kirazlı, G. (2022). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence against pre-hospital emergency health workers. Work, (Preprint), 1-6. doi:10.3233/WOR-220147
  • Elsaid, N. M. A. B., Ibrahim, O., Abdel-Fatah, Z. F., Hassan, H. A., Hegazy, M. H., Anwar, M. M. ve Soliman, H. H. (2022). Violence against healthcare workers during coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Egypt: A cross-sectional study. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 12(1), 45. doi:10.1080/19338244.2021.1982854
  • Garcia-Zamora, S., Pulido, L., Miranda-Arboleda, A. F., Garcia, D. E., Perez, G., Priotti, M., ... ve Baranchuk, A. (2022). Aggression, micro-aggression, and abuse against health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A Latin American Survey. Current Problems in Cardiology, 47(10), 101296. doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101296
  • George, C. E., Inbaraj, L. R., Rajukutty, S. ve De Witte, L. P. (2020). Challenges, experience and coping of health professionals in delivering healthcare in an urban slum in India during the first 40 days of COVID-19 crisis: A mixed method study. BMJ Open, 10(11), e042171. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042171
  • Ghareeb, N. S., El-Shafei, D. A. ve Eladl, A. M. (2021). Workplace violence among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in a Jordanian governmental hospital: The tip of the iceberg. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(43), 61441-61449. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-15112-w
  • Guo, Y. Q., Huang, J., Xu, N. N. ve Ma, X. J. (2022). Worker characteristics and measures associated with patient and visitor violence in the COVID-19 pandemic: A multilevel regression analysis from China. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 877843. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.877843
  • Hür, G. (2021). PRISMA Kontrol Listesi 2020 Güncellemesi. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(4), 603-605. doi:10.26453/otjhs.1001606
  • Güvener, H., Aytekin, M. ve Bağcı, E. (2023). COVID-19 pandemisi sonrası sağlık çalışanlarının şiddet algısı. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 22(3), 912-931. doi:10.21547/jss.1300156
  • Lafta, R., Qusay, N., Mary, M. ve Burnham, G. (2021). Violence against doctors in Iraq during the time of COVID-19. PLoS One, 16(8), e0254401. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254401
  • Mansoor, M. ve Najam, S. (2023). Revisiting COVID-19 and occupational mental health. Journal of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 33(4), 477-478. doi:10.29271/jcpsp.2023.04.477
  • Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A. ve PRISMA-P Group. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 1-9. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
  • Molero Jurado, M. D. M., Gázquez Linares, J. J., Pérez‐Fuentes, M. D. C. ve Martos Martínez, Á. (2023). Aggression and burnout in nurses during COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 25(1), 130-140. doi:10.1111/nhs.13001
  • Musse, J. L. L., Musse, F. C. C., Pelloso, S. M. ve Carvalho, M. D. D. B. (2022). Violence against health personnel before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 68, 1524-1529. doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20220345
  • Ojo, A., Guntuku, S. C., Zheng, M., Beidas, R. S. ve Ranney, M. L. (2021). How health care workers wield influence through Twitter hashtags: Retrospective cross-sectional study of the gun violence and COVID-19 public health crises. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(1), e24562. doi:10.2196/24562
  • Özkan Şat, S., Akbaş, P. ve Yaman Sözbir, Ş. (2021). Nurses' exposure to violence and their professional commitment during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30(13-14), 2036-2047. doi:10.1111/jocn.15760
  • Qi, M., Hu, X., Liu, J., Wen, J., Hu, X., Wang, Z. ve Shi, X. (2022). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence among healthcare workers in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 938423. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.938423
  • Saravanan, R., Swetha, N., Thatiparthi, S. ve Anantha Eashwar, V. M. (2022). Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on career choice among medical postgraduate aspirants in Chennai: A cross-sectional Study. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 16(11). doi:10.7860/JCDR/2022/58305.17160
  • Shahid, H., Haider, M. Z., Taqi, M., Gulzar, A., Zamani, Z., Fatima, T., ... ve Anwer, F. (2020). COVID-19 and its psychological impacts on healthcare staff–a multi-centric comparative cross-sectional study. Cureus, 12(11). doi:10.7759/cureus.11753
  • Su, K., Zhang, C. ve Huang, J. (2023). Effects of infection prevention and control measures on patient and visitor violence against health workers in China during COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1140561. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1140561
  • Tiesman, H. M., Hendricks, S. A., Wiegand, D. M., Lopes-Cardozo, B., Rao, C. Y., Horter, L., ... ve Byrkit, R. (2023). Workplace violence and the mental health of public health workers during COVID-19. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 64(3), 315-325. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.10.004
  • Wang, W., Lu, L., Kelifa, M. M., Yu, Y., He, A., Cao, N., ... ve Yang, Y. (2020). Mental health problems in Chinese healthcare workers exposed to workplace violence during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study using propensity score matching analysis. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 2827-2833. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S279170
  • WHO. (2002). World report on violence and health. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data: Switzerland, Geneva. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42495/9241545615_eng.pdf
  • WHO. (11 March 2020). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
  • WHO. (2022). World Health Organization violence prevention unit: approach, objectives and activities, 2022-2026. WHO publication, Switzerland, Geneva. Erişim adresi: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/social-determinants-of-health/who_2022_plv_strategy_2022-2026_finalfile.pdf?sfvrsn=c819ff54_3&download=true
  • Xie, X. M., Zhao, Y. J., An, F. R., Zhang, Q. E., Yu, H. Y., Yuan, Z., ... ve Xiang, Y. T. (2021). Workplace violence and its association with quality of life among mental health professionals in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 135, 289-293. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.023
  • Yang, Y., Li, Y., An, Y., Zhao, Y. J., Zhang, L., Cheung, T., ... ve Xiang, Y. T. (2021). Workplace violence against Chinese frontline clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic and its associations with demographic and clinical characteristics and quality of life: A structural equation modeling investigation. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 649989. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.649989
  • Yang, Y., Wang, P., Kelifa, M. O., Wang, B., Liu, M., Lu, L. ve Wang, W. (2022). How workplace violence correlates turnover intention among Chinese health care workers in COVID‐19 context: The mediating role of perceived social support and mental health. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(6), 1407-1414. doi:10.1111/jonm.13325
  • Zhou, Y., Chen, S., Liao, Y., Wu, Q., Ma, Y., Wang, D., ... ve Yang, W. F. Z. (2021). General perception of doctor–patient relationship from patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 646486. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.646486
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Sistemleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Furkan Alp 0000-0001-6007-1212

Yasemin Aslan 0000-0001-6292-2332

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Alp, F., & Aslan, Y. (2024). Covid-19 Pandemi Döneminde Sağlık Çalışanlarına Yönelik Şiddet Kavramı Üzerine Sistematik Bir Derleme. Sosyal Sağlık Dergisi, 4(1), 1-23.