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Baskı Altındaki Uygurlar: Doğu Türkistan'da Sürdürülen Sistematik İnsan Hakları İhlalleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 126 Sayı: 248, 77 - 114, 31.10.2020

Hakan Kolçak Osman Ercan

Öz

Bu çalışma, komünist Çin yönetimi tarafından Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi’nde gerçekleştirilen insan hakları ihlallerini analiz etmektedir. Çalışmamız, söz konusu ihlallerin anlaşılabilmesi için birincil elden kaynak olarak küresel tanınırlığa sahip insan hakları koruma örgütleri ve sivil toplum kuruluşları tarafından hazırlanan güncel raporları irdelemektedir. Rapor içeriklerinden faydalanılarak şekillendirilen çalışmamız; uluslararası, bölgesel ve yerel hukuki mevzuatın yanı sıra ikincil elden pek çok eserden de istifade etmiştir. Çalışmamıza göre; baskıcı Uygur politikası, negatif ve pozitif statü hakları yönünden önemli sayıda ihlale sebebiyet vermektedir. Bahsi geçen politikanın yumuşatılması ve eğer mümkünse tamamen ortadan kaldırılması sürecinde Türkiye’nin etkin bir rol oynayabileceğini öne süren çalışmamız, Sincan’da sürdürülen hak ihlalleri ile yoğun bir şekilde ilgilenilmesi gerektiğini ifade etmektedir. Mevzu bahis ihlalleri yerinde kavramak ve insan hakları yönünden yardıma muhtaç Uygurların durumunu tespit edebilmek için Sincan’ın başkenti Urumçi’de bir Türk başkonsolosluğu açılmasını öneren çalışmamız, Kaşgar ve Turfan gibi Uygur kimliğini yansıtan Doğu Türkistan vilayetlerinde Türkiye’nin kültürel diplomasi kurumları tarafından temsilcilikler açılmasını tavsiye etmektedir. Doğu Türkistan ile iletişim ve etkileşim kanallarını açık tutacak olan bu temsilcilikler, Uygur Türklerine yönelik sürdürülen hak ihlallerinin teşhis edilmesi ile ihlallere karşı yürütülen mücadele sürecine katkı sunacaktır. Gerek başkonsolosluk, gerekse temsilcilikler marifetiyle elde edilecek bilgilerin sistematik olarak raporlandırılması işleminin Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu tarafından icra edilebileceğini dile getiren çalışmamız, hazırlanacak kurumsal raporların Türk dış politika yapıcıları tarafından uluslararası platformlarda dile getirilmekle beraber Çin ile yürütülen ikili görüşmelerde de gündeme taşınabileceğini savunmaktadır. Çalışmamıza göre; küresel gücünü ve saygınlığını artırmak isteyen komünist Çin rejimi, atılacak diplomatik Türk adımlarına olumlu yaklaşabilir ve nihayetinde baskıcı Uygur politikasını yumuşatabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uygurlar Doğu Türkistan Çin İnsan Hakları Azınlık Hakları

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Oppressed Uighurs: Systematic Human Rights Violations in East Turkestan

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 126 Sayı: 248, 77 - 114, 31.10.2020

Hakan Kolçak Osman Ercan

Öz

This study analyses human rights violations committed by the communist Chinese administration in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. In order to comprehend such violations, this study examines recent reports prepared by a series of globally-respected human rights institutions and civil society organisations. In light of the reports, the study draws on international, regional and domestic legal documents as primary sources, as well as several secondary sources. With respect to negative and positive human rights, this study asserts that the oppressive Uighur policy has led to many human rights abuses in the region. The study maintains that Turkey would play an effective role in softening the Uighur policy and, if possible, in nullifying it completely. The study calls on Turkey to pay attention to human rights breaches in Xinjiang. It is argued that a Turkish consulate general should be established in the regional capital of Urumqi. Moreover, cultural diplomacy agencies of Turkey should open offices in the Uighur-majority cities such as Kashgar and Turpan to identify the human rights violations locally and help the Uighurs in combatting these violations. The aforementioned consulate general and agencies could be instrumental in collecting first-hand information. The Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey would utilize this information to prepare systematic reports on the issues. The reports could then be brought forward to the international platforms by the Turkish diplomatic apparatus. The reports could also be brought up on the agenda of bilateral discussions pursued with China. By these efforts, it is suggested that the Uighur policy of China could be softened because Beijing is concerned about its global soft power and reputation more than before.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uighurs East Turkestan China Human Rights Minority Rights

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  • Uluslararası Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesi, 20 Kasım 1989, 1577 UNTS 3 (yürürlük tarihi: 2 Eylül 1990).
  • Uluslararası Ekonomik, Sosyal ve Kültürel Haklar Sözleşmesi, 16 Aralık 1966, 993 UNTS 3 (yürürlük tarihi: 3 Ocak 1976).
  • Uluslararası Medeni ve Siyasi Haklar Sözleşmesi, 19 Aralık 1966, 999 UNTS 171 (yürürlük tarihi: 23 Mart 1976).
  • Yerli Halkların Hakları Üzerine BM Beyannamesi, 2 Ekim 2007, BM Genel Kurul Kararı A/RES/61/295.
Toplam 160 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hukuk, Siyaset Bilimi, Göç, Etnisite ve Çok Kültürlülük Sosyolojisi, Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hakan Kolçak 0000-0003-1185-4055

Osman Ercan 0000-0002-2186-8963

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 126 Sayı: 248

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Kolçak, Hakan, ve Osman Ercan. “Baskı Altındaki Uygurlar: Doğu Türkistan’da Sürdürülen Sistematik İnsan Hakları İhlalleri”. Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları 126, sy. 248 (Ekim 2020): 77-114.
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