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Salgın Hastalık Esnasında İnsani Güvenliği Yeniden Düşünmek

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 29, 118 - 130, 20.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.752969

Öz

COVID-19 küresel salgını, içinde yaşadığımız dünyayı sorgulamayı ve salgın sonrası dünya üzerine düşünmeyi gerekli kılmıştır. Sokağa çıkma kısıtlamaları, ekonomik zorluklar, artan işsizlik, maske vb. koruyucu ekipman tedarikinde yaşanan sıkıntılar gibi sorunlar, devletlerin bu küresel salgına ne kadar hazırlıksız yakalandığını ortaya koymuştur. Sağlık sorunu olarak başlayan salgın giderek bir küresel problem haline gelmiş ve güvenliği ilgilendiren bir soruna dönüşmüştür. Güvenlik kavramının tarih boyunca geçirdiği değişim sonucunda ortaya çıkmış insani güvenlik olgusu, bu salgın ile birlikte bir kez daha gündeme gelmiştir. Bu kapsamda bu çalışma, güvenlik olgusunun geçirdiği değişim ve insani güvenlik kavramının ortaya çıkışını açıkladıktan sonra COVID-19 salgın hastalığı örneği ile insani güvenlik kavramının gereken önemi görüp görmediği sorunsalına odaklanacaktır. Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde değişen güvenlik olgusu içerisinde yer alan ancak yeterli önemin verilmediği insani güvenlik kavramı salgın hastalık tecrübesi sonrasında oluşacak dünya düzeninde ön plana çıkacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Akgül Açıkmeşe, S. (2011). Algı mı söylem mi? Kopenhag okulu ve yeni-klasik gerçekçilikte güvenlik tehditleri. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 8(30), 43-73.
  • Arslan, İ. ve Karagül, S. (2020). Küresel bir tehdit (COVID-19 salgını) ve değişime yolculuk. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10, 1-36.
  • Art, R. (1993). Security. J. Krieger (Ed.), The Oxford companion to politics of the world içinde (820-822), Oxford: Oxford University Pres.
  • Aydın, M. (2004). Uluslararası ilişkilerin gerçekçi teorisi: kökeni, kapsamı, kritiği. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 1(1), 33-60.
  • Baldwin, D. A. (1995). Security studies and the end of the cold war. World Politics, 48(1), 117-141.
  • Baldwin, D. A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies, 23, 5-26. doi:10.1017/S0260210597000053
  • Baylis, J., Smith, S. ve Owens, P. (2008). The globalization of world politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • BM. (2005). 2005 World Summit outcome: resolution / adopted by the General Assembly. Erişim adresi: https://www.refworld.org/docid/44168a910.html, (17.05.2020)
  • Booth, K. (1991). Security and emancipation. Review of International Studies, 19(4), 313-326. doi:10.1017/S0260210500112033
  • Booth, K. (1997). Security and self: reflections of a fallen realist. K. Keith ve W. Michael C. (Ed.), Critical security studies: concepts and cases içinde (83-120), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Buzan, B. (1983). People, states and fear the national security problem in international relations. Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books.
  • Buzan, B. (1997). Rethinking security after the cold war. Cooperation and Conflict, 32(1), 5-28. doi:10.1177/0010836797032001001
  • Buzan, B. ve Hensen, L. (2012). The evolution of ınternational security studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Buzan, B., Waever, O. ve De Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A new framework for analysis. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Chipman, J. (1992). The future of security studies: beyond grand strategy. Survival, 34(1), 109-131. doi:10.1080/00396339208442633
  • Deb, P., Furceri, D., Ostry, J. D. ve Tawk, N. (2020). The Economic Effects of COVID-19 Containment Measures. IMF Working Papers, 20/158.
  • Democracy Reporting International. (2020, 3 Nisan). Backgrounder: Covid-19 and states of emergency in Europe. Erişim adresi: https://democracy-reporting.org/dri_publications/backgrounder-covid-19-and-states-of-emergency-in-europe/, (20.09.2020).
  • El Zowalaty, M. E., Young, S.G. ve Järhult, J.D. (2020). Environmental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic – a lesson for the future. Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, 10(1). doi: 10.1080/20008686.2020.1768023
  • Freedman, L. (1998). International security: Changing targets. Foreign Policy, 110, 48-63.
  • Goldberg D. ve Ollstein, A.M. (2020, 14 Temmuz). CORONAVIRUS A dangerous new chapter of the outbreak: Every state for itself. Erişim adresi: https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/14/states-look-to-trump-for-a-national-plan-to-fight-coronavirus-361906, (18.09.2020).
  • Gough, M. (2002). Human security: The individual in the security question - the case of Bosnia. Contemporary Security Policy, 23(3), 145-191. doi:10.1080/713999755
  • Gül, M. (2016). Güvenlı̇ktekı̇ kavramsal değı̇şı̇m ve Türkı̇ye’nı̇n güvenlı̇k yaklaşımı ve polı̇tı̇kalarına etkı̇lerı̇. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 303-320.
  • Hough, P. (2008). Understanding global security. London: Routledge.
  • Huysmans, J. (1998). Revisiting Copenhagen: Or, on the creative development of a security studies agenda in Europe. European Journal of International Relations, 4(4), 479-505. doi:10.1177%2F1354066198004004004
  • Kiesel, S. (2020, 5 Haziran). Violent non-state actors and COVID-19: Challenge or opportunity. Erişim adresi: https://pandorareport.org/2020/06/05/violent-non-state-actors-and-covid-19-challenge-or-opportunity, (19.09.2020).
  • King, G. ve Murray, C. J. (2002). Rethinking human security. Political Science Quarterly, 116(4), 585-610. doi:10.2307/798222
  • Laborde, D., Martin, W., Swinnen, J. ve Vos, R. (2020). COVID-19 risks to global food security. Science, 369(6503), 500-502. doi: 10.1126/science.abc4765
  • Lynn-Jones, S. ve Miller, S. (1995). Global dangers: Changing dimensions of international security. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Mandacı, N. ve Özerim, G. (2013). Uluslararası göçlerin bir güvenlik konusuna dönüşümü: Avrupa’da radikal sağ partiler ve göçün güvenlikleştirilmesi. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 10(39), 105-130.
  • McSweeney, B. (1999). Security, identity and interests: A sociology of international relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Miller, B. (2001). The concept of security: Should it be redefined? The Journal of Strategic Studies, 24(2), 13-42. doi:10.1080/01402390108565553
  • Nye, J. ve Lynn-Jones, S. (1988). International security studies: A report of a conference on the state of the field. International Security, 12(4), 5-27. doi:10.2307/2538992
  • Oğuzlu, T. (2020, 19 Mart). Moral and political questions in era of coronavirus.. Erişim adresi: https://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/op-ed/moral-and-political-questions-in-era-of-coronavirus, (19.09.2020).
  • Owen, T. (2004). Human security-conflict, critique and consensus: Colloquium remarks and a proposal for a threshold-based definition. Security Dialogue, 35(3), 373-387. doi:10.1177%2F0967010604047555
  • Owens, H. ve Arneil, B. (1999). The human security paradigm shift: A new lens on Canadian foreign policy? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 7(1), 1-12. doi:10.1080/11926422.1999.9673195
  • Paris, R. (2001). Human security paradigm shift or hot air? International Security, 26(2), 87-102. doi:10.1162/016228801753191141
  • Persaud, R. B. (2018). Human security. A. Collins (Ed.), Contemporary security studies içinde (139-153), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Roosevelt, F. D. (1941, 6 Ocak). FDR and the four freedoms speech. Erişim adresi: https://www.fdrlibrary.org/four-freedoms, (27.05.2020).
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). COVID-19 (yeni koronavirüs hastalığı) nedir? Erişim adresi: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/covid-19-yeni-koronavirus-hastaligi-nedir.html, (01.06.2020).
  • Schweller, R. L. (1996). Neorealism’s status quo bias: What security dilemma? Security Studies, 5(3), 90-121. doi:10.1080/09636419608429277
  • Smil, V. (2012). Global Catastrophes and Trends: The Next Fifty Years. Boston: The MIT Press.
  • Tadjbakhsh, S. (2007). Human security in international organizations: blessing or scourge? Human Security Journal, 4, 8-16.
  • The Human Security Network. (2020). Erişim adresi: https://www.austria.org/the-human-security-network, (14.05.2020).
  • Thomas, N. ve Tow, W. T. (2002). The utility of human security: Sovereignty and humanitarian intervention. Security Dialogue, 33(2), 177-192. doi:10.1177%2F0967010602033002006
  • Türk Dil Durumu. (T.Y.). Güvenlik. Türk Dil Kurumu Güncel Türkçe Sözlük. Erişim adresi: https://sozluk.gov.tr, (12.05.2020).
  • Ullman, R. H. (1983). Redefining security. International Security, 8(1), 129-153. doi:10.2307/2538489
  • UN. (2012). Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 10 September 2012. Erişim adresi: https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=%20A/RES/66/290&referer=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/resguide/r66_resolutions_table_eng.htm&Lang=E, (18.05.2020).
  • UN. (2020). United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security. Erişim adresi: https://www.un.org/humansecurity/human-security-unit/, (19.05.2020).
  • UNDP. (1994). Human Development Report 1994: New Dimensions of Human Security.
  • Waever, O. (1995). Securitization and desecuritization. R. D. Lipschutz (Ed.), On security içinde (48-86), New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Waever O. (2008) Peace and security: Two evolving concepts and their changing relationship. Brauch H.G. vd. (Ed.), Globalization and environmental challenges içinde (99-111), Berlin: Springer.
  • Walker, B., Bednarek, R., Bridgman, T. ve Daellenbach, U. (2020, 4 Mayıs). Creating new social divides: how coronavirus is reshaping how we see ourselves and the world around us. Erişim adresi: https://theconversation.com/creating-new-social-divides-how-coronavirus-is-reshaping-how-we-see-ourselves-and-the-world-around-us-137485, (19.09.2020).
  • Walt, S. M. (1991). The renaissance of security studies. International Studies Quarterly, 35(2), 211-239. doi:10.2307/2600471
  • Williams, M. C. (2003). Words, images, enemies: Securitization and international politics. International Studies Quarterly, 47(4), 511-531.
  • Wolfers, A. (1952). National security as an ambigous symbol. Political Science Quarterly, 67(4), 481-502.
  • World Health Organization. (2020). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020, (10.06.2020).

Rethinking Human Security during Pandemic

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 29, 118 - 130, 20.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.752969

Öz

COVID-19 pandemic made it necessary to question the world we live in and think about the post-pandemic order. Curfew restrictions, economic difficulties, increased unemployment, problems such as the supply difficulties of protective gear like masks etc. have revealed how unprepared States are caught in this global pandemic. COVID-19 that started as a health problem gradually became a global problem and turned into a problem that concerns security. The notion of human security, which emerged as a result of the change in the concept of security, once again has come to the agenda of international politics with this pandemic. In this context, after explaining the change that the security phenomenon has undergone and the emergence of the concept of human security, this study focus on the issue of whether the concept of human security has been given the sufficient importance or not within the example of the COVID-19 epidemic. The concept of human security, which occurred in the post-Cold War period but is not given sufficient importance, will come to the fore in the world that will occur after the epidemic experience.

Kaynakça

  • Akgül Açıkmeşe, S. (2011). Algı mı söylem mi? Kopenhag okulu ve yeni-klasik gerçekçilikte güvenlik tehditleri. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 8(30), 43-73.
  • Arslan, İ. ve Karagül, S. (2020). Küresel bir tehdit (COVID-19 salgını) ve değişime yolculuk. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10, 1-36.
  • Art, R. (1993). Security. J. Krieger (Ed.), The Oxford companion to politics of the world içinde (820-822), Oxford: Oxford University Pres.
  • Aydın, M. (2004). Uluslararası ilişkilerin gerçekçi teorisi: kökeni, kapsamı, kritiği. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 1(1), 33-60.
  • Baldwin, D. A. (1995). Security studies and the end of the cold war. World Politics, 48(1), 117-141.
  • Baldwin, D. A. (1997). The concept of security. Review of International Studies, 23, 5-26. doi:10.1017/S0260210597000053
  • Baylis, J., Smith, S. ve Owens, P. (2008). The globalization of world politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • BM. (2005). 2005 World Summit outcome: resolution / adopted by the General Assembly. Erişim adresi: https://www.refworld.org/docid/44168a910.html, (17.05.2020)
  • Booth, K. (1991). Security and emancipation. Review of International Studies, 19(4), 313-326. doi:10.1017/S0260210500112033
  • Booth, K. (1997). Security and self: reflections of a fallen realist. K. Keith ve W. Michael C. (Ed.), Critical security studies: concepts and cases içinde (83-120), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Buzan, B. (1983). People, states and fear the national security problem in international relations. Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books.
  • Buzan, B. (1997). Rethinking security after the cold war. Cooperation and Conflict, 32(1), 5-28. doi:10.1177/0010836797032001001
  • Buzan, B. ve Hensen, L. (2012). The evolution of ınternational security studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Buzan, B., Waever, O. ve De Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A new framework for analysis. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
  • Chipman, J. (1992). The future of security studies: beyond grand strategy. Survival, 34(1), 109-131. doi:10.1080/00396339208442633
  • Deb, P., Furceri, D., Ostry, J. D. ve Tawk, N. (2020). The Economic Effects of COVID-19 Containment Measures. IMF Working Papers, 20/158.
  • Democracy Reporting International. (2020, 3 Nisan). Backgrounder: Covid-19 and states of emergency in Europe. Erişim adresi: https://democracy-reporting.org/dri_publications/backgrounder-covid-19-and-states-of-emergency-in-europe/, (20.09.2020).
  • El Zowalaty, M. E., Young, S.G. ve Järhult, J.D. (2020). Environmental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic – a lesson for the future. Infection Ecology & Epidemiology, 10(1). doi: 10.1080/20008686.2020.1768023
  • Freedman, L. (1998). International security: Changing targets. Foreign Policy, 110, 48-63.
  • Goldberg D. ve Ollstein, A.M. (2020, 14 Temmuz). CORONAVIRUS A dangerous new chapter of the outbreak: Every state for itself. Erişim adresi: https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/14/states-look-to-trump-for-a-national-plan-to-fight-coronavirus-361906, (18.09.2020).
  • Gough, M. (2002). Human security: The individual in the security question - the case of Bosnia. Contemporary Security Policy, 23(3), 145-191. doi:10.1080/713999755
  • Gül, M. (2016). Güvenlı̇ktekı̇ kavramsal değı̇şı̇m ve Türkı̇ye’nı̇n güvenlı̇k yaklaşımı ve polı̇tı̇kalarına etkı̇lerı̇. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 303-320.
  • Hough, P. (2008). Understanding global security. London: Routledge.
  • Huysmans, J. (1998). Revisiting Copenhagen: Or, on the creative development of a security studies agenda in Europe. European Journal of International Relations, 4(4), 479-505. doi:10.1177%2F1354066198004004004
  • Kiesel, S. (2020, 5 Haziran). Violent non-state actors and COVID-19: Challenge or opportunity. Erişim adresi: https://pandorareport.org/2020/06/05/violent-non-state-actors-and-covid-19-challenge-or-opportunity, (19.09.2020).
  • King, G. ve Murray, C. J. (2002). Rethinking human security. Political Science Quarterly, 116(4), 585-610. doi:10.2307/798222
  • Laborde, D., Martin, W., Swinnen, J. ve Vos, R. (2020). COVID-19 risks to global food security. Science, 369(6503), 500-502. doi: 10.1126/science.abc4765
  • Lynn-Jones, S. ve Miller, S. (1995). Global dangers: Changing dimensions of international security. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Mandacı, N. ve Özerim, G. (2013). Uluslararası göçlerin bir güvenlik konusuna dönüşümü: Avrupa’da radikal sağ partiler ve göçün güvenlikleştirilmesi. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 10(39), 105-130.
  • McSweeney, B. (1999). Security, identity and interests: A sociology of international relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Miller, B. (2001). The concept of security: Should it be redefined? The Journal of Strategic Studies, 24(2), 13-42. doi:10.1080/01402390108565553
  • Nye, J. ve Lynn-Jones, S. (1988). International security studies: A report of a conference on the state of the field. International Security, 12(4), 5-27. doi:10.2307/2538992
  • Oğuzlu, T. (2020, 19 Mart). Moral and political questions in era of coronavirus.. Erişim adresi: https://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/op-ed/moral-and-political-questions-in-era-of-coronavirus, (19.09.2020).
  • Owen, T. (2004). Human security-conflict, critique and consensus: Colloquium remarks and a proposal for a threshold-based definition. Security Dialogue, 35(3), 373-387. doi:10.1177%2F0967010604047555
  • Owens, H. ve Arneil, B. (1999). The human security paradigm shift: A new lens on Canadian foreign policy? Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, 7(1), 1-12. doi:10.1080/11926422.1999.9673195
  • Paris, R. (2001). Human security paradigm shift or hot air? International Security, 26(2), 87-102. doi:10.1162/016228801753191141
  • Persaud, R. B. (2018). Human security. A. Collins (Ed.), Contemporary security studies içinde (139-153), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Roosevelt, F. D. (1941, 6 Ocak). FDR and the four freedoms speech. Erişim adresi: https://www.fdrlibrary.org/four-freedoms, (27.05.2020).
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). COVID-19 (yeni koronavirüs hastalığı) nedir? Erişim adresi: https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/covid-19-yeni-koronavirus-hastaligi-nedir.html, (01.06.2020).
  • Schweller, R. L. (1996). Neorealism’s status quo bias: What security dilemma? Security Studies, 5(3), 90-121. doi:10.1080/09636419608429277
  • Smil, V. (2012). Global Catastrophes and Trends: The Next Fifty Years. Boston: The MIT Press.
  • Tadjbakhsh, S. (2007). Human security in international organizations: blessing or scourge? Human Security Journal, 4, 8-16.
  • The Human Security Network. (2020). Erişim adresi: https://www.austria.org/the-human-security-network, (14.05.2020).
  • Thomas, N. ve Tow, W. T. (2002). The utility of human security: Sovereignty and humanitarian intervention. Security Dialogue, 33(2), 177-192. doi:10.1177%2F0967010602033002006
  • Türk Dil Durumu. (T.Y.). Güvenlik. Türk Dil Kurumu Güncel Türkçe Sözlük. Erişim adresi: https://sozluk.gov.tr, (12.05.2020).
  • Ullman, R. H. (1983). Redefining security. International Security, 8(1), 129-153. doi:10.2307/2538489
  • UN. (2012). Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 10 September 2012. Erişim adresi: https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=%20A/RES/66/290&referer=http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/resguide/r66_resolutions_table_eng.htm&Lang=E, (18.05.2020).
  • UN. (2020). United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security. Erişim adresi: https://www.un.org/humansecurity/human-security-unit/, (19.05.2020).
  • UNDP. (1994). Human Development Report 1994: New Dimensions of Human Security.
  • Waever, O. (1995). Securitization and desecuritization. R. D. Lipschutz (Ed.), On security içinde (48-86), New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Waever O. (2008) Peace and security: Two evolving concepts and their changing relationship. Brauch H.G. vd. (Ed.), Globalization and environmental challenges içinde (99-111), Berlin: Springer.
  • Walker, B., Bednarek, R., Bridgman, T. ve Daellenbach, U. (2020, 4 Mayıs). Creating new social divides: how coronavirus is reshaping how we see ourselves and the world around us. Erişim adresi: https://theconversation.com/creating-new-social-divides-how-coronavirus-is-reshaping-how-we-see-ourselves-and-the-world-around-us-137485, (19.09.2020).
  • Walt, S. M. (1991). The renaissance of security studies. International Studies Quarterly, 35(2), 211-239. doi:10.2307/2600471
  • Williams, M. C. (2003). Words, images, enemies: Securitization and international politics. International Studies Quarterly, 47(4), 511-531.
  • Wolfers, A. (1952). National security as an ambigous symbol. Political Science Quarterly, 67(4), 481-502.
  • World Health Organization. (2020). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020, (10.06.2020).
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Gökhan Duman 0000-0002-7007-3542

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Şubat 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 29

Kaynak Göster

APA Duman, G. (2021). Salgın Hastalık Esnasında İnsani Güvenliği Yeniden Düşünmek. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 12(29), 118-130. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.752969

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