Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Gig Ekonomisi için Çok Boyutlu Bilimetrik Analizi

Year 2023, , 195 - 210, 19.04.2023

Sergen Gürsoy

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1198210
Cited By: 2

Abstract

1980'lerden sonra ivme kazanan küreselleşme olgusu toplumun her kesiminde yaygınlaşmış ve çalışma yaşamının araştırılması olağan bir durum haline gelmiştir. Küreselleşme olgusu internet ağları aracılığıyla toplumun sosyo-ekonomik yapısına dahil edilmiştir. Bireylerin hayatlarını devam ettirebilmeleri, refah ve huzuru sürdürebilmeleri için dijital platformlar üzerinden ortaya çıkan online bir iş yapısına dönüşmeleri gerekli görülmektedir. Böylelikle değişen dünya düzeninde toplumsal sürdürülebilirlik açısından çalışma hayatının yapısına yönelik araştırmaların eğilimlerinde artış gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, çevrimiçi çalışma platformunun karşılığı olan Gig ekonomisinin çok boyutlu alanlarında bütünsel bir bakış açısı elde etmektir. Bu amaçla, Gig ekonomisine özel Web of Science veri tabanından elde edilen tüm veriler (820/732) araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. CiteSpace uygulaması kullanılarak çoklu veriler analiz edildi. Sosyal ağ teorisi çerçevesinde Gig ekonomisine yönelik eğilimler, ülke bağlamında analizler, yazar analizleri, küme analizleri ve temsili belge analizleri sunulmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Gig ekonomisine ilişkin literatür kapsamında bilimetrik analizler yapabilmek, mevcut işgücü piyasasına ilişkin gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalar için sistematik bulgular elde edilmesi açısından önemlidir. Araştırma ile Gig ekonomisine yönelik literatür eğilimleri, ülke analizleri ve ilişki ağları, yazar üretkenliği ve anahtar kelimelerin literatürdeki yorumsal karşılığı ortaya konulmaktadır. Analiz bulgularına göre; Gig ekonomi olgusu için sosyo-ekonomik yapıda farklı alanlarda araştırmalar yapılmış olup, toplumsal önemi ve yaygınlığı açısından çalışmaların gelecekte kümülatif olarak artabileceği ifade edilebilir.

Keywords

Gig Ekonomisi Sosyal Ağ Analizi Çalışma İlişkileri Endüstri İlişkileri Çalışma Ekonomisi

References

  • Abraham, K. G., Haltiwanger, J. C., Hou, C., Sandusky, K., & Spletzer, J. R. (2021). Reconciling survey and administrative measures of self-employment. Journal of Labor Economics, 39(4), 825-860.
  • Al, U., Taşkın, Z., & Düzyol, G. (2012). Use of social network analysis in bibliometric researches.
  • Alanezi, F., & Alanzi, T. (2020). A gig mHealth economy framework: scoping review of internet publications. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(1), e14213.
  • Alif, I., Sucahyo, Y. G., & Gandhi, A. (2020, October). Determinant factors to become a gig worker in an online course. In 2020 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS) (pp. 329-334). IEEE.
  • Aloisi, A. (2016). Commoditized Workers. Case Study Research on Labour Law Issues Arising from a Set of'On-Demand/Gig Economy'Platforms. Case Study Research on Labour Law Issues Arising from a Set of'On-Demand/Gig Economy'Platforms. Comparative Labor Law&Policy Journal, 37(3).
  • Anwar, M. A., & Graham, M. (2020). Hidden transcripts of the gig economy: labour agency and the new art of resistance among African gig workers. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 52(7), 1269-1291.
  • Anwar, M. A., & Graham, M. (2021). Between a rock and a hard place: Freedom, flexibility, precarity and vulnerability in the gig economy in Africa. Competition & Change, 25(2), 237-258.
  • Ashford, S. J., Caza, B. B., & Reid, E. M. (2018). From surviving to thriving in the gig economy: A research agenda for individuals in the new world of work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 38, 23-41.
  • Atkinson, J. (2022). Zero-hours contracts and English employment Law: Developments and possibilities. European Labour Law Journal, 20319525221104165.
  • Auditianto, A., Sucahyo, Y. G., Gandhi, A., & Ruldeviyani, Y. (2019, October). Discovering the influencing factors of physical gig economy usage: Quantitative approach on clients9 perception. In 2019 International conference on advanced computer science and information systems (ICACSIS) (pp. 357-362). IEEE.
  • Batmunkh, A., Fekete-Farkas, M., & Lakner, Z. (2022). Bibliometric Analysis of Gig Economy. Administrative Sciences, 12(2), 51.
  • Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., Flavián, C., & Pérez-Rueda, A. (2021). The role of customers in the gig economy: how perceptions of working conditions and service quality influence the use and recommendation of food delivery services. Service Business, 15(1), 45-75.
  • Bellesia, F., Mattarelli, E., Bertolotti, F., & Sobrero, M. (2019). Platforms as entrepreneurial incubators? How online labor markets shape work identity. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
  • Berg, J., Furrer, M., Harmon, E., Rani, U., & Silberman, M. S. (2018). Digital labour platforms and the future of work. Towards Decent Work in the Online World. Rapport de l’OIT.
  • Bick, A., Blandin, A., & Mertens, K. (2021). Work from home before and after the Covid-19 outbreak. Available at SSRN 3786142.
  • Bieber, F., & Moggia, J. (2021). Risk shifts in the gig economy: The normative case for an insurance scheme against the effects of precarious work. Journal of Political Philosophy, 29(3), 281-304.
  • Birkle, C., Pendlebury, D. A., Schnell, J., & Adams, J. (2020). Web of Science as a data source for research on scientific and scholarly activity. Quantitative Science Studies, 1(1), 363-376.
  • Buter, R. K., Noyons, E. C. M., & Van Raan, A. F. (2004, July). A combination of quantitative and qualitative maps in an evaluative bibliometric context. In Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2004. IV 2004. (pp. 978-982). IEEE.
  • Buter, R. K., Noyons, E. C. M., Van Mackelenbergh, M., & Laine, T. (2006). Combining concept maps and bibliometric maps: First explorations. Scientometrics, 66(2), 377-387.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2012). Örnekleme yöntemleri. Charness, G., & Chen, Y. (2020). Social identity, group behavior, and teams. Annual Review of Economics, 691-713.
  • Chen, C. (2006). CiteSpace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology, 57(3), 359-377.
  • Chen, C. (2014). The citespace manual. College of Computing and Informatics, 1(1), 1-84.
  • Chen, C. (2016). CiteSpace: a practical guide for mapping scientific literature (pp. 41-44). Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers.
  • Chen, G., Cheng, M., Edwards, D., & Xu, L. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic exposes the vulnerability of the sharing economy: a novel accounting framework. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(5), 1141-1158.
  • Chen, M. K., & Sheldon, M. (2016). Dynamic pricing in a labor market: Surge pricing and flexible work on the Uber platform. Ec, 16, 455.
  • Chiu, H. H., Palupi, G. S., & Zhu, Y. Q. (2022). Workers’ Affective Commitment in The Gig Economy: The Role of IS Quality, Organizational Support, and Fairness. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 14(3), 3.
  • Cobo, M. J., López‐Herrera, A. G., Herrera‐Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). Science mapping software tools: Review, analysis, and cooperative study among tools. Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology, 62(7), 1382-1402.
  • Corujo, B. S. (2017). The ‘gig’economy and its impact on social security: The Spanish example. European Journal of Social Security, 19(4), 293-312.
  • Dang, Q., Luo, Z., Ouyang, C., & Wang, L. (2021). First Systematic Review on Health Communication Using the CiteSpace Software in China: Exploring Its Research Hotspots and Frontiers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 13008.
  • Daramola, O., & Etim, E. (2022). Affordances of digital platforms in sub‐Saharan Africa: An analytical review. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 88(4), e12213.
  • De, R., Pandey, N., & Pal, A. (2020). Impact of digital surge during Covid-19 pandemic: A viewpoint on research and practice. International journal of information management, 55, 102171.
  • Deloitte. (2020). Remote Work The New Norm
  • Dunn, W. N. (1983). Social network theory. Knowledge, 4(3), 453-461.
  • Eck, N. J. V., & Waltman, L. (2014). Visualizing bibliometric networks. In Measuring scholarly impact (pp. 285-320). Springer, Cham.
  • Finkle, T. A., & Olsen, T. (2019). Entrepreneurship in the digital era: creating your own online business. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 2(2), 133-150.
  • Fleming, P. (2017). The human capital hoax: Work, debt and insecurity in the era of Uberization. Organization Studies, 38(5), 691-709.
  • Friedman, G. (2014). Workers without employers: shadow corporations and the rise of the gig economy. Review of Keynesian Economics, 2(2), 171-188.
  • Gandhi, A., Budiardjo, E. K., & Sucahyo, Y. G. (2019, April). Developing the maturity model for gig economy business processes. In 2019 IEEE 9th Symposium on Computer Applications & Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE) (pp. 324-329). IEEE.
  • Gawer, A., & Srnicek, N. (2021). Online platforms: Economic and societal effects.
  • Giorgi, G., Lecca, L. I., Alessio, F., Finstad, G. L., Bondanini, G., Lulli, L. G., ... & Mucci, N. (2020). COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: a narrative review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), 7857.
  • Glasner, B. (2021). The Minimum Wage, Self-Employment, and the Online Gig Economy. Journal of Labor Economics.
  • Goodman, J. K., & Paolacci, G. (2017). Crowdsourcing consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(1), 196-210.
  • Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., Wood, A., Barnard, H., Hjorth, I., & D Simon, P. (2017). The risks and rewards of online gig work at the global margins.
  • Gregory, K. (2021). ‘my life is more valuable than this’: Understanding risk among on-demand food couriers in edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331.
  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. (2001). Evaluation paradigms: Worldviews or belief systems that guide evaluators.
  • Günbayı, I. (2019). Liderlik ve toplumsal degisme [Leadership and Social Development]. Egitim Yonetiminde Liderlik, 245-279.
  • Günbayi, I., & Sorm, S. (2018). Social paradigms in guiding social research design: The functional, interpretive, radical humanist and radical structural paradigms. Online Submission, 9(2), 57-76.
  • Harzing, A. W., & Alakangas, S. (2016). Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Science: a longitudinal and cross-disciplinary comparison. Scientometrics, 106(2), 787-804.
  • Healy, J., Nicholson, D., & Pekarek, A. (2017). Should we take the gig economy seriously?. Labour & Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work, 27(3), 232-248.
  • Healy, J., Pekarek, A., & Vromen, A. (2020). Sceptics or supporters? Consumers’ views of work in the gig economy. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(1), 1-19.
  • Horowitz, S. (2011). The freelance surge is the industrial revolution of our time. The Atlantic.
  • Howcroft, D., & Bergvall-Kåreborn, B. (2019). A typology of crowdwork platforms. Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 21-38.
  • Hu, J., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Discovering the interdisciplinary nature of Big Data research through social network analysis and visualization. Scientometrics, 112(1), 91-109.
  • Hu, K., & Fu, F. (2021). Evolutionary Dynamics of Gig Economy Labor Strategies under Technology, Policy and Market Influence. Games, 12(2), 49.
  • Ibrahim, N., Chaibi, A. H., & Ahmed, M. B. (2015). New scientometric indicator for the qualitative evaluation of scientific production. New Library World, 116(11/12), 661-676.
  • Isin, E., & Ruppert, E. (2020). The birth of sensory power: How a pandemic made it visible?. Big Data & Society, 7(2), 2053951720969208
  • Kaine, S., & Josserand, E. (2019). The organisation and experience of work in the gig economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501.
  • Kässi, O., & Lehdonvirta, V. (2018). Online labour index: Measuring the online gig economy for policy and research. Technological forecasting and social change, 137, 241-248.
  • Khan, T. H., MacEachen, E., & Dunstan, D. (2022). What Social Supports Are Available to Self-Employed People When Ill or Injured? A Comparative Policy Analysis of Canada and Australia. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(9), 5310.
  • Klarin, A., & Suseno, Y. (2021). A state-of-the-art review of the sharing economy: Scientometric mapping of the scholarship. Journal of Business Research, 126, 250-262.
  • Larsson, A., & Teigland, R. (2020). The Digital Transformation of Labor (p. 372). Taylor & Francis.
  • Lehdonvirta, V. (2018). Flexibility in the gig economy: managing time on three online piecework platforms. New Technology, Work and Employment, 33(1), 13-29.
  • Lemmon, G., Wilson, M. S., Posig, M., & Glibkowski, B. C. (2016). Psychological contract development, distributive justice, and performance of independent contractors: The role of negotiation behaviors and the fulfillment of resources. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 23(4), 424-439.
  • Lewchuk, W. (2017). Precarious jobs: Where are they, and how do they affect well-being?. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 28(3), 402-419.
  • Li, J., & Chen, C. (2016). CiteSpace: Text mining and visualization in scientific literature. Capital University of Economics and Business Press: Beijing, China, 149-152.
  • Li, K., Rollins, J., & Yan, E. (2018). Web of Science use in published research and review papers 1997–2017: A selective, dynamic, cross-domain, content-based analysis. Scientometrics, 115(1), 1-20.
  • Liu, W., Sidhu, A., Beacom, A. M., & Valente, T. W. (2017). Social network theory. The international encyclopedia of media effects, 1-12.
  • Lund, S., Madgavkar, A., Manyika, J., & Smit, S. (2020). What’s next for remote work: An analysis of 2,000 tasks, 800 jobs, and nine countries. McKinsey Global Institute, 1-13.
  • Lupu, I., & Castro, M. R. (2021). Work-Life Balance Is a Cycle, Not an Achievement. Harvard Business Review.
  • Malik, R., Visvizi, A., & Skrzek-Lubasińska, M. (2021). The gig economy: Current issues, the debate, and the new avenues of research. Sustainability, 13(9), 5023.
  • Maulana, A., Sucahyo, Y. G., Ruldeviyani, Y., & Gandhi, A. (2018, October). Requirements for platform-based startup survival: A qualitative exploratory study. In 2018 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS) (pp. 137-142). IEEE.
  • Morales-Muñoz, K., & Roca, B. (2022). The spatiality of collective action and organization among platform workers in Spain and Chile. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 0308518X221103262.
  • Nair, G. (2022). ‘New’terrains of precarity–gig work in India. Contemporary South Asia, 1-14.
  • Nelson, G., Monson, M. J., & Adibifar, K. (2020). The gig economy comes to academia: Job satisfaction among adjunct faculty. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1786338.
  • Novitz, T. (2021). Gig Work as a Manifestation of Short-Termism: Crafting a Sustainable Regulatory Agenda. Industrial Law Journal, 50(4), 636-661.
  • Nwafor, O., Ma, X., Hou, J. J., & Johnson, N. (2022). Online communities and discontinuance of information technology-enabled on-demand workers: Impacts of informal social interactions through dual commitments. International Journal of Information Management, 66, 102540.
  • Oyer, P. (2020). The gig economy. IZA World of Labor.
  • Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (2008). Systematic reviews in the social sciences: A practical guide. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Ping, Q., He, J., & Chen, C. (2017). How many ways to use CiteSpace? A study of user interactive events over 14 months. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68(5), 1234-1256.
  • Porter, N. D., Verdery, A. M., & Gaddis, S. M. (2020). Enhancing big data in the social sciences with crowdsourcing: Data augmentation practices, techniques, and opportunities. PloS one, 15(6), e0233154.
  • Prabowo, R., Sucahyo, Y. G., Gandhi, A., & Ruldeviyani, Y. (2019, October). Does gamification motivate gig workers? A critical issue in ride-sharing industries. In 2019 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and information Systems (ICACSIS) (pp. 343-348). IEEE.
  • Pranckutė, R. (2021). Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus: The titans of bibliographic information in today’s academic world. Publications, 9(1), 12.
  • Reeves, T. C., & Hedberg, J. G. (2003). Interactive learning systems evaluation. Educational Technology.
  • Reynolds, P. D., & Curtin, R. (2008). Business creation in the United States: Entry, startup activities and the launch of new ventures. The small business economy for data year, 165-240.
  • Robla-Gómez, S., Becerra, V. M., Llata, J. R., Gonzalez-Sarabia, E., Torre-Ferrero, C., & Perez-Oria, J. (2017). Working together: A review on safe human-robot collaboration in industrial environments. IEEE Access, 5, 26754-26773.
  • Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Crown Business, New York. The smart-up ecosystem: Turning Open Innovation into smart business.
  • Skodo, A. (2014). Idealism, the sociology of knowledge and revisionist history of political thought: Peter Laslett's reappraisal of whig historiography. History of political thought, 35(3), 538-564.
  • Sooryamoorthy, R. (2020). Scientometrics for the study of sociology.
  • Spreitzer, G. M., Cameron, L., & Garrett, L. (2017). Alternative work arrangements: Two images of the new world of work. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 473-499.
  • Spurk, D., & Straub, C. (2020). Flexible employment relationships and careers in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of vocational behavior, 119, 103435.
  • Stephany, F., Dunn, M., Sawyer, S., & Lehdonvirta, V. (2020). Distancing bonus or downscaling loss? The changing livelihood of US online workers in times of COVID‐19. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 111(3), 561-573.
  • Stewart, A., & Stanford, J. (2017). Regulating work in the gig economy: What are the options?. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 28(3), 420-437.
  • Terzi, M. (2018). Reconstruction of idealism in theorizing scientifically the discipline of international relations for peace and international security: Idea-realism. Uluslararası Kriz ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 10-40.
  • Toffler, A. (2022). The third wave: The classic study of tomorrow. Bantam.
  • Umar, M., Xu, Y., & Mirza, S. S. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 on Gig economy. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 2284-2296.
  • Wallace, A. R. (1870). Theory of Natural Selection.
  • Wang, Q. (2018). Distribution features and intellectual structures of digital humanities: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Documentation.
  • Wang, S., Wan, J., Zhang, D., Li, D., & Zhang, C. (2016). Towards smart factory for industry 4.0: a self-organized multi-agent system with big data based feedback and coordination. Computer networks, 101, 158-168.
  • Web of Science Group Core Collection (2019), Clarivate Analytics,
  • Webb, A., McQuaid, R., & Rand, S. (2020). Employment in the informal economy: Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(9/10), 1005-1019.
  • Wei, F., Grubesic, T. H., & Bishop, B. W. (2015). Exploring the GIS knowledge domain using CiteSpace. The Professional Geographer, 67(3), 374-384.
  • Williams, C. C., & Horodnic, I. A. (2019). Dependent self-employment: Theory, practice and policy. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Wood, A. J., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., & Hjorth, I. (2019). Good gig, bad gig: autonomy and algorithmic control in the global gig economy. Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 56-75.
  • Woodcock, J., & Graham, M. (2019). The Gig Economy. A Critical İntroduction. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Wu, Q., Zhang, H., Li, Z., & Liu, K. (2019). Labor control in the gig economy: Evidence from Uber in China. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 574-596.
  • Yağar, F., & Dökme, S. (2018). Niteliksel Araştirmalarin Planlanmasi: Araştirma Sorulari, Örneklem Seçimi, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 1-9.
  • Yang, H., Kumara, S., Bukkapatnam, S. T., & Tsung, F. (2019). The internet of things for smart manufacturing: A review. IISE Transactions, 51(11), 1190-1216.
  • Yuan, B., Li, J., Wu, L., & Wang, Z. (2019, June). Multi-level social health insurance system in the age of frequent employment change: the urban unemployment-induced insurance transition and healthcare utilization in China. In Healthcare (Vol. 7, No. 2, p. 77). MDPI.
  • Zavaraqi, R., & Fadaie, G. R. (2012). Scientometrics or science of science: quantitative, qualitative or mixed one. Collnet Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management, 6(2), 273-278.
  • Zhang, D., Xu, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., He, S., & Zhou, X. (2020). Study on sustainable urbanization literature based on Web of Science, scopus, and China national knowledge infrastructure: A scientometric analysis in CiteSpace. Journal of cleaner production, 264, 121537.
  • Zhu, J., & Liu, W. (2020). A tale of two databases: The use of Web of Science and Scopus in academic papers. Scientometrics, 123(1), 321-335.
  • Ziakis, C., Vlachopoulou, M., & Petridis, K. (2022). Start-Up Ecosystem (StUpEco): A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Research. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 35.
  • Zwick, A. (2018). Welcome to the Gig Economy: Neoliberal industrial relations and the case of Uber. GeoJournal, 83(4), 679-691.
  • İnternet Kaynakları http://ilabour.oii.ox.ac.uk/online-labour-index/ , Access Date: 01.09.2022
  • https://www.freelancer.com/about , Access Date: 01.09.2022
  • https://www.uber.com/tr/tr/about/ , Access Date: 01.09.2022
  • https://web.archive.org/web/20150528015037/http://blog.uber.com/AmmanLaunch , Access Date: 02.09.2022
  • https://www.dol.gov/agencies/odep/program-areas/employers/self-employment-entrepreneurship , Access Date: 03.09.2022
  • https://data.oecd.org/emp/temporary-employment.htm , Access Date: 03.09.2022
  • https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/work-life-balance/ , Access Date: 03.09.2022
  • https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/gig-economy-workforce-rockets-to-more-than-one-in-ten-of-canadians-a-further-third-are-open-to-joining-reveals-new-study-812441559.html , Access Date: 03.09.2022
  • https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/24205/labour-markets/the-gig-economy/ , Access Date: 05.09.2022
  • https://ilabour.oii.ox.ac.uk/online-labour-index/ , Access Date: 07.09.2022
  • https://ilabour.oii.ox.ac.uk/online-labour-index/ , Access Date: 08.09.2022

Multidimensional Scientometric Analysis for the Gig Economy

Year 2023, , 195 - 210, 19.04.2023

Sergen Gürsoy

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1198210
Cited By: 2

Abstract

The phenomenon of globalization, which gained momentum after the 1980s, became widespread in all parts of the society and research of working life has become a normal situation. The phenomenon of globalization has been included in the socio-economic structure of the society through internet networks. It is considered necessary for individuals to turn into an online business structure that emerges through digital platforms in order to continue their lives, to maintain welfare and peace. Thus, an increase in the trends of research on the structure of working life in terms of social sustainability in the changing world order has been observed. The aim of the study is to obtain a holistic perspective in the multidimensional areas of the Gig economy, which is the counterpart of the online working platform. For this purpose, all data (820/732) obtained from the Web of Science database specific to the gig economy were included in the research. Multiple data were analyzed using the CiteSpace application. Trends in the Gig economy within the framework of social network theory, analysis in the context of the country, author analysis, cluster analysis and representative document analysis are presented. In this context, it is important to be able to make scientometric analyzes within the scope of the literature on the gig economy in order to obtain systematic findings for future research on the current labor market. With the research, literature trends, country analyzes and relationship networks, author productivity and the interpretative equivalent of keywords in the literature are revealed. According to the analysis findings; For the gig economy phenomenon, researches have been carried out in different fields in the socio-economic structure, and it can be stated that the studies may increase cumulatively in the future in terms of its social importance and prevalence.

Keywords

Gig Economy Social Network Analysis Labor Relations Industrial Relations Labor Economics

References

  • Abraham, K. G., Haltiwanger, J. C., Hou, C., Sandusky, K., & Spletzer, J. R. (2021). Reconciling survey and administrative measures of self-employment. Journal of Labor Economics, 39(4), 825-860.
  • Al, U., Taşkın, Z., & Düzyol, G. (2012). Use of social network analysis in bibliometric researches.
  • Alanezi, F., & Alanzi, T. (2020). A gig mHealth economy framework: scoping review of internet publications. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(1), e14213.
  • Alif, I., Sucahyo, Y. G., & Gandhi, A. (2020, October). Determinant factors to become a gig worker in an online course. In 2020 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS) (pp. 329-334). IEEE.
  • Aloisi, A. (2016). Commoditized Workers. Case Study Research on Labour Law Issues Arising from a Set of'On-Demand/Gig Economy'Platforms. Case Study Research on Labour Law Issues Arising from a Set of'On-Demand/Gig Economy'Platforms. Comparative Labor Law&Policy Journal, 37(3).
  • Anwar, M. A., & Graham, M. (2020). Hidden transcripts of the gig economy: labour agency and the new art of resistance among African gig workers. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 52(7), 1269-1291.
  • Anwar, M. A., & Graham, M. (2021). Between a rock and a hard place: Freedom, flexibility, precarity and vulnerability in the gig economy in Africa. Competition & Change, 25(2), 237-258.
  • Ashford, S. J., Caza, B. B., & Reid, E. M. (2018). From surviving to thriving in the gig economy: A research agenda for individuals in the new world of work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 38, 23-41.
  • Atkinson, J. (2022). Zero-hours contracts and English employment Law: Developments and possibilities. European Labour Law Journal, 20319525221104165.
  • Auditianto, A., Sucahyo, Y. G., Gandhi, A., & Ruldeviyani, Y. (2019, October). Discovering the influencing factors of physical gig economy usage: Quantitative approach on clients9 perception. In 2019 International conference on advanced computer science and information systems (ICACSIS) (pp. 357-362). IEEE.
  • Batmunkh, A., Fekete-Farkas, M., & Lakner, Z. (2022). Bibliometric Analysis of Gig Economy. Administrative Sciences, 12(2), 51.
  • Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., Flavián, C., & Pérez-Rueda, A. (2021). The role of customers in the gig economy: how perceptions of working conditions and service quality influence the use and recommendation of food delivery services. Service Business, 15(1), 45-75.
  • Bellesia, F., Mattarelli, E., Bertolotti, F., & Sobrero, M. (2019). Platforms as entrepreneurial incubators? How online labor markets shape work identity. Journal of Managerial Psychology.
  • Berg, J., Furrer, M., Harmon, E., Rani, U., & Silberman, M. S. (2018). Digital labour platforms and the future of work. Towards Decent Work in the Online World. Rapport de l’OIT.
  • Bick, A., Blandin, A., & Mertens, K. (2021). Work from home before and after the Covid-19 outbreak. Available at SSRN 3786142.
  • Bieber, F., & Moggia, J. (2021). Risk shifts in the gig economy: The normative case for an insurance scheme against the effects of precarious work. Journal of Political Philosophy, 29(3), 281-304.
  • Birkle, C., Pendlebury, D. A., Schnell, J., & Adams, J. (2020). Web of Science as a data source for research on scientific and scholarly activity. Quantitative Science Studies, 1(1), 363-376.
  • Buter, R. K., Noyons, E. C. M., & Van Raan, A. F. (2004, July). A combination of quantitative and qualitative maps in an evaluative bibliometric context. In Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2004. IV 2004. (pp. 978-982). IEEE.
  • Buter, R. K., Noyons, E. C. M., Van Mackelenbergh, M., & Laine, T. (2006). Combining concept maps and bibliometric maps: First explorations. Scientometrics, 66(2), 377-387.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2012). Örnekleme yöntemleri. Charness, G., & Chen, Y. (2020). Social identity, group behavior, and teams. Annual Review of Economics, 691-713.
  • Chen, C. (2006). CiteSpace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology, 57(3), 359-377.
  • Chen, C. (2014). The citespace manual. College of Computing and Informatics, 1(1), 1-84.
  • Chen, C. (2016). CiteSpace: a practical guide for mapping scientific literature (pp. 41-44). Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers.
  • Chen, G., Cheng, M., Edwards, D., & Xu, L. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic exposes the vulnerability of the sharing economy: a novel accounting framework. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(5), 1141-1158.
  • Chen, M. K., & Sheldon, M. (2016). Dynamic pricing in a labor market: Surge pricing and flexible work on the Uber platform. Ec, 16, 455.
  • Chiu, H. H., Palupi, G. S., & Zhu, Y. Q. (2022). Workers’ Affective Commitment in The Gig Economy: The Role of IS Quality, Organizational Support, and Fairness. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 14(3), 3.
  • Cobo, M. J., López‐Herrera, A. G., Herrera‐Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). Science mapping software tools: Review, analysis, and cooperative study among tools. Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology, 62(7), 1382-1402.
  • Corujo, B. S. (2017). The ‘gig’economy and its impact on social security: The Spanish example. European Journal of Social Security, 19(4), 293-312.
  • Dang, Q., Luo, Z., Ouyang, C., & Wang, L. (2021). First Systematic Review on Health Communication Using the CiteSpace Software in China: Exploring Its Research Hotspots and Frontiers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 13008.
  • Daramola, O., & Etim, E. (2022). Affordances of digital platforms in sub‐Saharan Africa: An analytical review. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 88(4), e12213.
  • De, R., Pandey, N., & Pal, A. (2020). Impact of digital surge during Covid-19 pandemic: A viewpoint on research and practice. International journal of information management, 55, 102171.
  • Deloitte. (2020). Remote Work The New Norm
  • Dunn, W. N. (1983). Social network theory. Knowledge, 4(3), 453-461.
  • Eck, N. J. V., & Waltman, L. (2014). Visualizing bibliometric networks. In Measuring scholarly impact (pp. 285-320). Springer, Cham.
  • Finkle, T. A., & Olsen, T. (2019). Entrepreneurship in the digital era: creating your own online business. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 2(2), 133-150.
  • Fleming, P. (2017). The human capital hoax: Work, debt and insecurity in the era of Uberization. Organization Studies, 38(5), 691-709.
  • Friedman, G. (2014). Workers without employers: shadow corporations and the rise of the gig economy. Review of Keynesian Economics, 2(2), 171-188.
  • Gandhi, A., Budiardjo, E. K., & Sucahyo, Y. G. (2019, April). Developing the maturity model for gig economy business processes. In 2019 IEEE 9th Symposium on Computer Applications & Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE) (pp. 324-329). IEEE.
  • Gawer, A., & Srnicek, N. (2021). Online platforms: Economic and societal effects.
  • Giorgi, G., Lecca, L. I., Alessio, F., Finstad, G. L., Bondanini, G., Lulli, L. G., ... & Mucci, N. (2020). COVID-19-related mental health effects in the workplace: a narrative review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), 7857.
  • Glasner, B. (2021). The Minimum Wage, Self-Employment, and the Online Gig Economy. Journal of Labor Economics.
  • Goodman, J. K., & Paolacci, G. (2017). Crowdsourcing consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(1), 196-210.
  • Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., Wood, A., Barnard, H., Hjorth, I., & D Simon, P. (2017). The risks and rewards of online gig work at the global margins.
  • Gregory, K. (2021). ‘my life is more valuable than this’: Understanding risk among on-demand food couriers in edinburgh. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 316-331.
  • Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. (2001). Evaluation paradigms: Worldviews or belief systems that guide evaluators.
  • Günbayı, I. (2019). Liderlik ve toplumsal degisme [Leadership and Social Development]. Egitim Yonetiminde Liderlik, 245-279.
  • Günbayi, I., & Sorm, S. (2018). Social paradigms in guiding social research design: The functional, interpretive, radical humanist and radical structural paradigms. Online Submission, 9(2), 57-76.
  • Harzing, A. W., & Alakangas, S. (2016). Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Science: a longitudinal and cross-disciplinary comparison. Scientometrics, 106(2), 787-804.
  • Healy, J., Nicholson, D., & Pekarek, A. (2017). Should we take the gig economy seriously?. Labour & Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work, 27(3), 232-248.
  • Healy, J., Pekarek, A., & Vromen, A. (2020). Sceptics or supporters? Consumers’ views of work in the gig economy. New Technology, Work and Employment, 35(1), 1-19.
  • Horowitz, S. (2011). The freelance surge is the industrial revolution of our time. The Atlantic.
  • Howcroft, D., & Bergvall-Kåreborn, B. (2019). A typology of crowdwork platforms. Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 21-38.
  • Hu, J., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Discovering the interdisciplinary nature of Big Data research through social network analysis and visualization. Scientometrics, 112(1), 91-109.
  • Hu, K., & Fu, F. (2021). Evolutionary Dynamics of Gig Economy Labor Strategies under Technology, Policy and Market Influence. Games, 12(2), 49.
  • Ibrahim, N., Chaibi, A. H., & Ahmed, M. B. (2015). New scientometric indicator for the qualitative evaluation of scientific production. New Library World, 116(11/12), 661-676.
  • Isin, E., & Ruppert, E. (2020). The birth of sensory power: How a pandemic made it visible?. Big Data & Society, 7(2), 2053951720969208
  • Kaine, S., & Josserand, E. (2019). The organisation and experience of work in the gig economy. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 479-501.
  • Kässi, O., & Lehdonvirta, V. (2018). Online labour index: Measuring the online gig economy for policy and research. Technological forecasting and social change, 137, 241-248.
  • Khan, T. H., MacEachen, E., & Dunstan, D. (2022). What Social Supports Are Available to Self-Employed People When Ill or Injured? A Comparative Policy Analysis of Canada and Australia. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(9), 5310.
  • Klarin, A., & Suseno, Y. (2021). A state-of-the-art review of the sharing economy: Scientometric mapping of the scholarship. Journal of Business Research, 126, 250-262.
  • Larsson, A., & Teigland, R. (2020). The Digital Transformation of Labor (p. 372). Taylor & Francis.
  • Lehdonvirta, V. (2018). Flexibility in the gig economy: managing time on three online piecework platforms. New Technology, Work and Employment, 33(1), 13-29.
  • Lemmon, G., Wilson, M. S., Posig, M., & Glibkowski, B. C. (2016). Psychological contract development, distributive justice, and performance of independent contractors: The role of negotiation behaviors and the fulfillment of resources. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 23(4), 424-439.
  • Lewchuk, W. (2017). Precarious jobs: Where are they, and how do they affect well-being?. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 28(3), 402-419.
  • Li, J., & Chen, C. (2016). CiteSpace: Text mining and visualization in scientific literature. Capital University of Economics and Business Press: Beijing, China, 149-152.
  • Li, K., Rollins, J., & Yan, E. (2018). Web of Science use in published research and review papers 1997–2017: A selective, dynamic, cross-domain, content-based analysis. Scientometrics, 115(1), 1-20.
  • Liu, W., Sidhu, A., Beacom, A. M., & Valente, T. W. (2017). Social network theory. The international encyclopedia of media effects, 1-12.
  • Lund, S., Madgavkar, A., Manyika, J., & Smit, S. (2020). What’s next for remote work: An analysis of 2,000 tasks, 800 jobs, and nine countries. McKinsey Global Institute, 1-13.
  • Lupu, I., & Castro, M. R. (2021). Work-Life Balance Is a Cycle, Not an Achievement. Harvard Business Review.
  • Malik, R., Visvizi, A., & Skrzek-Lubasińska, M. (2021). The gig economy: Current issues, the debate, and the new avenues of research. Sustainability, 13(9), 5023.
  • Maulana, A., Sucahyo, Y. G., Ruldeviyani, Y., & Gandhi, A. (2018, October). Requirements for platform-based startup survival: A qualitative exploratory study. In 2018 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS) (pp. 137-142). IEEE.
  • Morales-Muñoz, K., & Roca, B. (2022). The spatiality of collective action and organization among platform workers in Spain and Chile. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 0308518X221103262.
  • Nair, G. (2022). ‘New’terrains of precarity–gig work in India. Contemporary South Asia, 1-14.
  • Nelson, G., Monson, M. J., & Adibifar, K. (2020). The gig economy comes to academia: Job satisfaction among adjunct faculty. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1786338.
  • Novitz, T. (2021). Gig Work as a Manifestation of Short-Termism: Crafting a Sustainable Regulatory Agenda. Industrial Law Journal, 50(4), 636-661.
  • Nwafor, O., Ma, X., Hou, J. J., & Johnson, N. (2022). Online communities and discontinuance of information technology-enabled on-demand workers: Impacts of informal social interactions through dual commitments. International Journal of Information Management, 66, 102540.
  • Oyer, P. (2020). The gig economy. IZA World of Labor.
  • Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (2008). Systematic reviews in the social sciences: A practical guide. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Ping, Q., He, J., & Chen, C. (2017). How many ways to use CiteSpace? A study of user interactive events over 14 months. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68(5), 1234-1256.
  • Porter, N. D., Verdery, A. M., & Gaddis, S. M. (2020). Enhancing big data in the social sciences with crowdsourcing: Data augmentation practices, techniques, and opportunities. PloS one, 15(6), e0233154.
  • Prabowo, R., Sucahyo, Y. G., Gandhi, A., & Ruldeviyani, Y. (2019, October). Does gamification motivate gig workers? A critical issue in ride-sharing industries. In 2019 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and information Systems (ICACSIS) (pp. 343-348). IEEE.
  • Pranckutė, R. (2021). Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus: The titans of bibliographic information in today’s academic world. Publications, 9(1), 12.
  • Reeves, T. C., & Hedberg, J. G. (2003). Interactive learning systems evaluation. Educational Technology.
  • Reynolds, P. D., & Curtin, R. (2008). Business creation in the United States: Entry, startup activities and the launch of new ventures. The small business economy for data year, 165-240.
  • Robla-Gómez, S., Becerra, V. M., Llata, J. R., Gonzalez-Sarabia, E., Torre-Ferrero, C., & Perez-Oria, J. (2017). Working together: A review on safe human-robot collaboration in industrial environments. IEEE Access, 5, 26754-26773.
  • Schwab, K. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Crown Business, New York. The smart-up ecosystem: Turning Open Innovation into smart business.
  • Skodo, A. (2014). Idealism, the sociology of knowledge and revisionist history of political thought: Peter Laslett's reappraisal of whig historiography. History of political thought, 35(3), 538-564.
  • Sooryamoorthy, R. (2020). Scientometrics for the study of sociology.
  • Spreitzer, G. M., Cameron, L., & Garrett, L. (2017). Alternative work arrangements: Two images of the new world of work. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 473-499.
  • Spurk, D., & Straub, C. (2020). Flexible employment relationships and careers in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of vocational behavior, 119, 103435.
  • Stephany, F., Dunn, M., Sawyer, S., & Lehdonvirta, V. (2020). Distancing bonus or downscaling loss? The changing livelihood of US online workers in times of COVID‐19. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 111(3), 561-573.
  • Stewart, A., & Stanford, J. (2017). Regulating work in the gig economy: What are the options?. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 28(3), 420-437.
  • Terzi, M. (2018). Reconstruction of idealism in theorizing scientifically the discipline of international relations for peace and international security: Idea-realism. Uluslararası Kriz ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 10-40.
  • Toffler, A. (2022). The third wave: The classic study of tomorrow. Bantam.
  • Umar, M., Xu, Y., & Mirza, S. S. (2021). The impact of Covid-19 on Gig economy. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 2284-2296.
  • Wallace, A. R. (1870). Theory of Natural Selection.
  • Wang, Q. (2018). Distribution features and intellectual structures of digital humanities: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Documentation.
  • Wang, S., Wan, J., Zhang, D., Li, D., & Zhang, C. (2016). Towards smart factory for industry 4.0: a self-organized multi-agent system with big data based feedback and coordination. Computer networks, 101, 158-168.
  • Web of Science Group Core Collection (2019), Clarivate Analytics,
  • Webb, A., McQuaid, R., & Rand, S. (2020). Employment in the informal economy: Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(9/10), 1005-1019.
  • Wei, F., Grubesic, T. H., & Bishop, B. W. (2015). Exploring the GIS knowledge domain using CiteSpace. The Professional Geographer, 67(3), 374-384.
  • Williams, C. C., & Horodnic, I. A. (2019). Dependent self-employment: Theory, practice and policy. Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Wood, A. J., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., & Hjorth, I. (2019). Good gig, bad gig: autonomy and algorithmic control in the global gig economy. Work, Employment and Society, 33(1), 56-75.
  • Woodcock, J., & Graham, M. (2019). The Gig Economy. A Critical İntroduction. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Wu, Q., Zhang, H., Li, Z., & Liu, K. (2019). Labor control in the gig economy: Evidence from Uber in China. Journal of Industrial Relations, 61(4), 574-596.
  • Yağar, F., & Dökme, S. (2018). Niteliksel Araştirmalarin Planlanmasi: Araştirma Sorulari, Örneklem Seçimi, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(3), 1-9.
  • Yang, H., Kumara, S., Bukkapatnam, S. T., & Tsung, F. (2019). The internet of things for smart manufacturing: A review. IISE Transactions, 51(11), 1190-1216.
  • Yuan, B., Li, J., Wu, L., & Wang, Z. (2019, June). Multi-level social health insurance system in the age of frequent employment change: the urban unemployment-induced insurance transition and healthcare utilization in China. In Healthcare (Vol. 7, No. 2, p. 77). MDPI.
  • Zavaraqi, R., & Fadaie, G. R. (2012). Scientometrics or science of science: quantitative, qualitative or mixed one. Collnet Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management, 6(2), 273-278.
  • Zhang, D., Xu, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., He, S., & Zhou, X. (2020). Study on sustainable urbanization literature based on Web of Science, scopus, and China national knowledge infrastructure: A scientometric analysis in CiteSpace. Journal of cleaner production, 264, 121537.
  • Zhu, J., & Liu, W. (2020). A tale of two databases: The use of Web of Science and Scopus in academic papers. Scientometrics, 123(1), 321-335.
  • Ziakis, C., Vlachopoulou, M., & Petridis, K. (2022). Start-Up Ecosystem (StUpEco): A Conceptual Framework and Empirical Research. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 35.
  • Zwick, A. (2018). Welcome to the Gig Economy: Neoliberal industrial relations and the case of Uber. GeoJournal, 83(4), 679-691.
  • İnternet Kaynakları http://ilabour.oii.ox.ac.uk/online-labour-index/ , Access Date: 01.09.2022
  • https://www.freelancer.com/about , Access Date: 01.09.2022
  • https://www.uber.com/tr/tr/about/ , Access Date: 01.09.2022
  • https://web.archive.org/web/20150528015037/http://blog.uber.com/AmmanLaunch , Access Date: 02.09.2022
  • https://www.dol.gov/agencies/odep/program-areas/employers/self-employment-entrepreneurship , Access Date: 03.09.2022
  • https://data.oecd.org/emp/temporary-employment.htm , Access Date: 03.09.2022
  • https://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/work-life-balance/ , Access Date: 03.09.2022
  • https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/gig-economy-workforce-rockets-to-more-than-one-in-ten-of-canadians-a-further-third-are-open-to-joining-reveals-new-study-812441559.html , Access Date: 03.09.2022
  • https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/24205/labour-markets/the-gig-economy/ , Access Date: 05.09.2022
  • https://ilabour.oii.ox.ac.uk/online-labour-index/ , Access Date: 07.09.2022
  • https://ilabour.oii.ox.ac.uk/online-labour-index/ , Access Date: 08.09.2022
There are 124 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Sergen Gürsoy 0000-0002-9032-2999

Publication Date April 19, 2023
Submission Date November 2, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Gürsoy, S. (2023). Multidimensional Scientometric Analysis for the Gig Economy. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2), 195-210. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1198210

Cited By

SOSYAL BİLİMLER ALANINDA ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 VE DİJİTALLEŞMENİN ULUSLARARASI BAĞLAMDA GÜNCEL DEĞERLENDİRMESİ: BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZ YÖNTEMİ
Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.1496210
Beşeri Sermaye İndeksi için Temel Bileşenlerin Değerlendirilmesi: OECD Üye Ülkelerine Göre Küme-Teorik Analiz
Politik Ekonomik Kuram
https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1479863

Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.