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Liman İşletmelerinde Kadın Yönetici Algısı: Güney Marmara Limanlarında Bir Araştırma

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 573 - 582, 30.10.2023

İlknur Tanrıverdi Aslı Kavurmacı

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1333365

Abstract

Bu çalışma erkeklerin egemen olduğu sektörlerde çalışan kadınların yaşadığı cinsiyet eşitsizliği ve ayrımcılık probleminden yola çıkarak planlanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, erkek egemen sektörlerde yönetim düzeyinde cinsiyet çeşitliliğinin var olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Bu nedenle erkeklerin yoğun olarak istihdam edildiği liman işyerlerinde yönetim düzeyinde kadınların liman yönetimine katılımına yönelik algı incelenmiştir. Marmara bölgesinin güneyinde yer alan üç büyük liman örneklem olarak alınmış ve bu limanlarda istihdam edilen beyaz yakalı çalışanlara, liman sektöründeki kadın çalışanlara bakış açısını ortaya koymaya çalışan bir anket yönlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda araştırmaya katılanların büyük çoğunluğu sektörün kadınlar için uygun olmadığı konusunda genel kabul gören görüşe karşı çıkmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, yönetim düzeyinde liderlik pozisyonlarında kadınlara yönelik hâkim algılara meydan okuyan olumlu ve ilham verici bir sonuç olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

Keywords

Cinsiyet algısı erkek egemen endüstriler liman sektörü kadın çalışanlar

References

  • Barahona-Fuentes, C., Castells-Sanabra, M., Ordás, S. & Torralbo, J. (2020). Female Figures in Maritime Education and Training Institutions Between 2009 And 2018: Analysing Possible Impacts of Gender Policies. WMU J Marit Affairs 19, 143–158.
  • Barreiro-Gen, M., Lozano, R., Temel, M., Carpenter, A. (2021). Gender Equality for Sustainability in Ports: Developing A Framework. Marine Policy, 131, 1-7.
  • Belev, B., Jelić Mrčelić, G., Jurić, Z. & Karin, I. (2020). Analysis of Female Interest in Maritime Education at Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy Varna and at the Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Split. Transactions on Maritime Science. 9(2), 342–349.
  • Bhirugnath-Bhookhun, M. & Kitada, M. (2017). Lost in Success: Women’s Maritime Careers in Eastern and Southern Africa. Palgrave Communications 3, Article number: 17023.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Coşkun, R., Altunışık, R., & Yıldırım, E. (2015). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri SPSS Uygulamalı, Güncellenmiş 8. Baskı. Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık,
  • DP World. (2018). Dünyada En Çok Kadının Çalıştığı Liman Türkiye’de. DP World News. https://www.dpworld.com/Tr/Turkiye/News/News/18dunyadaencokkadinincalistigiliman. Accessed: 03.04.2023.
  • Dragomir, C. (2019). Postmodern Maritime Human Resources Management –Amending the Maritime Labor Convention with Gender Requirements. Postmodern Openings, 10(1), 21-35.
  • Dragomir, C. (2019). Gender in Postmodernism Maritime Transport. Postmodern Openings, 10(1), 182-192.
  • Elbir, Y. A (2022). Literature Review on Discrimination at Work: Mobbing, Glass Ceiling, Sexual Harassment. Adana Alparslan Türkeş Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Yönetim ve Organizasyon (İngilizce) Bilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Epik, M.T. & Ozen, S. (2021). "Erkek İşi"nde Kadın Emeği: Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerine Başkaldıran Kadınlar Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma, International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Social Sciences, 5(2), 66-90.
  • Fidan,V., Günay, E., Akpınar, G. & Atacan C. (2020). Gender Discrimination Perception among Maritime Students in Turkey. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 8(3), 162-176.
  • Halimah, S., Subramaniamb, G., & Nasir, S. (2019). The Port Sector in Malaysia–Does Gender Diversity Exist at the Management Level?. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, Vol, 8(6), 172-180.
  • Horck, J. (2010). The Gender Perspective in Maritime Education and Training. WMU J Marit Affairs 9, 93–119.
  • Jafarov, S. (2022). Cam Tavan Sendromunun Kadınların Çalışma Hayatına Etkisi: İngiltere ve Türkiye Örneği, Nişantaşı Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İşletme Ana Bilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Jones, R.G. (2008). Empowering professional women in the Maritime World: the WMU contribution. WMU J Marit Affairs 7, 505–508.
  • Karatepe, S. & Arıbaş, N. N. (2015). İş Hayatında Kadın Yöneticilere İlişkin Cinsiyet Ayrımcılığı: Türkiye İçin Bir Değerlendirme, Yasama Dergisi, (31), 7-23.
  • Kim, Te., Sharma, A., Gausdal, A.H. & Chae, Cj. (2019). Impact of Automation Technology on Gender Parity in Maritime Industry. WMU J Marit Affairs 18, 579–593.
  • Ku, Kang-Ning; Ye, Kung-Don; Lee, Hsuan-Shih; Lin, Hsin-Hung; & Gan, Guo-Ya. (2017). Factors Affecting Female Students' Choice of Maritime Majors. Journal of Marine Science and Technology. Vol. 25, No. 4, 417-423. Medeiros, S.E., do Valle Ventura Piassi, F.A. & Oliveira Feodrippe, R. (2019). Mapping Women’s Presence and Importance in The Brazilian Maritime Community. WMU J Marit Affairs 18, 557–578.
  • MITAGS. (2022). Women in the Maritime Industry. https://www.mitags.org/women-at-sea/ Accessed: 17.05.2023.
  • Monteiro, J. L., Santoso, P. I., & Prabowo, R. (2021). Maritime Industry-Ports and Supporting Activities: Literature Review. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 1010, 1-9.
  • Narayanan, S.C., Emad, G.R. & Fei, J. (2023). Key Factors Impacting Women Seafarers’ Participation in The Evolving Workplace: A Qualitative Exploration. Marine Policy, Volume 148, 1-9.
  • Pike, K., Wadsworth, E., Honebon, S., Broadhurst, E., Zhao, M., & Zhang, P. (2021). Gender in The Maritime Space: How Can the Experiences of Women Seafarers Working in The UK Shipping Industry Be Improved?. The Journal of Navigation, 74(6), 1238-1251.
  • Şenbursa, N. & Ozdemir, P. (2020). Raising Awareness About Women in Turkish Maritime Industry. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 8(3), 194-209.
  • Sofroniou, N., & Hutcheson, G. D. (1999). The Multivariate Social Scientist: Introductory Statistics Using Generalized Linear Models. UK: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Szozda, Z., Czyzowicz, D., Kalkowska, E., Raciborska, P., Raczkowska, J. & Skowronek, M. (2014). Female Students’ Perspective for Maritime Career. Akademia Morska w Szczecinie, 40(112), 105-112.
  • Tongzon, J. L., & Lee, S. Y. (2015). The Challenges of Economic Integration: The Case of Shipping in ASEAN Countries. The Pacific Review, 28(4), 483-504.
  • Turgut, A. Ş. (2019). Türkiye’deki Gelir Eşitsizliğinin Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Kadının İstihdamı ve Kadın Yoksulluğu Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(38), 315-329.
  • Turnbull, P. (2013). Promoting the employment of women in the transport sector: Obstacles and policy options. International Labour Organization (ILO).
  • UN Women (2016). Leave No One Behind A Call to Action for Gender Equality and Women’s Economic Empowerment. https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2023-01/hlp-wee-report-2016-09-call-to-action-en.pdf Accessed: 15.06.2023.
  • Utma, S. (2020). Kadına Yönelik Cinsiyet Ayrımcılığı ve Cam Tavan Sendromu, Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 44-58.
  • Vo, L.-C., Lavissière, M.C. & Lavissière, A. (2023). Retaining Talent in The Maritime Sector by Creating a Work-Family Balance Logic: Implications from Women Managers Navigating Work and Family. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 53, No. 1, 133-155.
  • Yüzbaşığolu, Ç. (2022). Limanlar, Kadınlar ve Toplum. Ekonomi Dünya Haberler. https://www.ekonomidunya.com/limanlar-kadinlar-ve-toplum/35235/ Accessed: 15.06.2023.
  • Zhao, M.H., Zhao, L.J., Zhang, P.F., Wu, J.J., Pike, K. & Broadhurst, E. (2017). Chinese Women Seafarers: A Case Study of The Women Cadets in Shanghai. Marine Policy, 83, 40-47.
  • Wu, CL., Chen, SY., Ye, KD & Ho, YW. (2017). Career Development for Women in Maritime Industry: Organisation and Socialisation Perspectives. Maritime Policy & Management, 44(7), 882–898.
  • WPSP (2020). World Ports Sustainability Report. https://sustainableworldports.org/wp-content/uploads/WORLD-PORTS-SUSTAINABILITY-REPORT-2020-FIN.pdf Accessed: 15.05.2023.

Perception of Female Managers in Port Enterprises: A Research in the South Marmara Ports

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 573 - 582, 30.10.2023

İlknur Tanrıverdi Aslı Kavurmacı

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1333365

Abstract

The participation of women in the workforce is increasing day by day. In many sectors, women are competing at the management level alongside men. However, the maritime sector remains one of the male-dominated industries despite the increasing number of female employees. This study aims to examine perceptions regarding the participation of women in port management, specifically in the male-dominated maritime sector and port operations. Three major port enterprises operating in the South Marmara region constitute the sample of the study. A survey was conducted to measure the perceptions of female managers in port management. The data were subjected to Exploratory Factor Analysis, and the results were analysed using t-tests to determine whether perceptions differed based on the management level of the participants. As a result of the research, the majority of participants rejected the commonly accepted belief that the sector is not suitable for women. Research results do not show any difference at the manager and officer levels. The research findings are considered a positive and inspiring outcome that challenges dominant perceptions of women in leadership positions at the management level.

Keywords

Gender perception male-dominated industries port sector women workers.

References

  • Barahona-Fuentes, C., Castells-Sanabra, M., Ordás, S. & Torralbo, J. (2020). Female Figures in Maritime Education and Training Institutions Between 2009 And 2018: Analysing Possible Impacts of Gender Policies. WMU J Marit Affairs 19, 143–158.
  • Barreiro-Gen, M., Lozano, R., Temel, M., Carpenter, A. (2021). Gender Equality for Sustainability in Ports: Developing A Framework. Marine Policy, 131, 1-7.
  • Belev, B., Jelić Mrčelić, G., Jurić, Z. & Karin, I. (2020). Analysis of Female Interest in Maritime Education at Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy Varna and at the Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Split. Transactions on Maritime Science. 9(2), 342–349.
  • Bhirugnath-Bhookhun, M. & Kitada, M. (2017). Lost in Success: Women’s Maritime Careers in Eastern and Southern Africa. Palgrave Communications 3, Article number: 17023.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Coşkun, R., Altunışık, R., & Yıldırım, E. (2015). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri SPSS Uygulamalı, Güncellenmiş 8. Baskı. Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık,
  • DP World. (2018). Dünyada En Çok Kadının Çalıştığı Liman Türkiye’de. DP World News. https://www.dpworld.com/Tr/Turkiye/News/News/18dunyadaencokkadinincalistigiliman. Accessed: 03.04.2023.
  • Dragomir, C. (2019). Postmodern Maritime Human Resources Management –Amending the Maritime Labor Convention with Gender Requirements. Postmodern Openings, 10(1), 21-35.
  • Dragomir, C. (2019). Gender in Postmodernism Maritime Transport. Postmodern Openings, 10(1), 182-192.
  • Elbir, Y. A (2022). Literature Review on Discrimination at Work: Mobbing, Glass Ceiling, Sexual Harassment. Adana Alparslan Türkeş Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Yönetim ve Organizasyon (İngilizce) Bilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Epik, M.T. & Ozen, S. (2021). "Erkek İşi"nde Kadın Emeği: Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rollerine Başkaldıran Kadınlar Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma, International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Social Sciences, 5(2), 66-90.
  • Fidan,V., Günay, E., Akpınar, G. & Atacan C. (2020). Gender Discrimination Perception among Maritime Students in Turkey. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 8(3), 162-176.
  • Halimah, S., Subramaniamb, G., & Nasir, S. (2019). The Port Sector in Malaysia–Does Gender Diversity Exist at the Management Level?. International Journal of Supply Chain Management, Vol, 8(6), 172-180.
  • Horck, J. (2010). The Gender Perspective in Maritime Education and Training. WMU J Marit Affairs 9, 93–119.
  • Jafarov, S. (2022). Cam Tavan Sendromunun Kadınların Çalışma Hayatına Etkisi: İngiltere ve Türkiye Örneği, Nişantaşı Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İşletme Ana Bilim Dalı, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Jones, R.G. (2008). Empowering professional women in the Maritime World: the WMU contribution. WMU J Marit Affairs 7, 505–508.
  • Karatepe, S. & Arıbaş, N. N. (2015). İş Hayatında Kadın Yöneticilere İlişkin Cinsiyet Ayrımcılığı: Türkiye İçin Bir Değerlendirme, Yasama Dergisi, (31), 7-23.
  • Kim, Te., Sharma, A., Gausdal, A.H. & Chae, Cj. (2019). Impact of Automation Technology on Gender Parity in Maritime Industry. WMU J Marit Affairs 18, 579–593.
  • Ku, Kang-Ning; Ye, Kung-Don; Lee, Hsuan-Shih; Lin, Hsin-Hung; & Gan, Guo-Ya. (2017). Factors Affecting Female Students' Choice of Maritime Majors. Journal of Marine Science and Technology. Vol. 25, No. 4, 417-423. Medeiros, S.E., do Valle Ventura Piassi, F.A. & Oliveira Feodrippe, R. (2019). Mapping Women’s Presence and Importance in The Brazilian Maritime Community. WMU J Marit Affairs 18, 557–578.
  • MITAGS. (2022). Women in the Maritime Industry. https://www.mitags.org/women-at-sea/ Accessed: 17.05.2023.
  • Monteiro, J. L., Santoso, P. I., & Prabowo, R. (2021). Maritime Industry-Ports and Supporting Activities: Literature Review. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 1010, 1-9.
  • Narayanan, S.C., Emad, G.R. & Fei, J. (2023). Key Factors Impacting Women Seafarers’ Participation in The Evolving Workplace: A Qualitative Exploration. Marine Policy, Volume 148, 1-9.
  • Pike, K., Wadsworth, E., Honebon, S., Broadhurst, E., Zhao, M., & Zhang, P. (2021). Gender in The Maritime Space: How Can the Experiences of Women Seafarers Working in The UK Shipping Industry Be Improved?. The Journal of Navigation, 74(6), 1238-1251.
  • Şenbursa, N. & Ozdemir, P. (2020). Raising Awareness About Women in Turkish Maritime Industry. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 8(3), 194-209.
  • Sofroniou, N., & Hutcheson, G. D. (1999). The Multivariate Social Scientist: Introductory Statistics Using Generalized Linear Models. UK: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Szozda, Z., Czyzowicz, D., Kalkowska, E., Raciborska, P., Raczkowska, J. & Skowronek, M. (2014). Female Students’ Perspective for Maritime Career. Akademia Morska w Szczecinie, 40(112), 105-112.
  • Tongzon, J. L., & Lee, S. Y. (2015). The Challenges of Economic Integration: The Case of Shipping in ASEAN Countries. The Pacific Review, 28(4), 483-504.
  • Turgut, A. Ş. (2019). Türkiye’deki Gelir Eşitsizliğinin Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Kadının İstihdamı ve Kadın Yoksulluğu Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(38), 315-329.
  • Turnbull, P. (2013). Promoting the employment of women in the transport sector: Obstacles and policy options. International Labour Organization (ILO).
  • UN Women (2016). Leave No One Behind A Call to Action for Gender Equality and Women’s Economic Empowerment. https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2023-01/hlp-wee-report-2016-09-call-to-action-en.pdf Accessed: 15.06.2023.
  • Utma, S. (2020). Kadına Yönelik Cinsiyet Ayrımcılığı ve Cam Tavan Sendromu, Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 44-58.
  • Vo, L.-C., Lavissière, M.C. & Lavissière, A. (2023). Retaining Talent in The Maritime Sector by Creating a Work-Family Balance Logic: Implications from Women Managers Navigating Work and Family. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 53, No. 1, 133-155.
  • Yüzbaşığolu, Ç. (2022). Limanlar, Kadınlar ve Toplum. Ekonomi Dünya Haberler. https://www.ekonomidunya.com/limanlar-kadinlar-ve-toplum/35235/ Accessed: 15.06.2023.
  • Zhao, M.H., Zhao, L.J., Zhang, P.F., Wu, J.J., Pike, K. & Broadhurst, E. (2017). Chinese Women Seafarers: A Case Study of The Women Cadets in Shanghai. Marine Policy, 83, 40-47.
  • Wu, CL., Chen, SY., Ye, KD & Ho, YW. (2017). Career Development for Women in Maritime Industry: Organisation and Socialisation Perspectives. Maritime Policy & Management, 44(7), 882–898.
  • WPSP (2020). World Ports Sustainability Report. https://sustainableworldports.org/wp-content/uploads/WORLD-PORTS-SUSTAINABILITY-REPORT-2020-FIN.pdf Accessed: 15.05.2023.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Policy and Administration (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

İlknur Tanrıverdi 0000-0001-6788-497X

Aslı Kavurmacı 0000-0002-4790-2269

Early Pub Date October 25, 2023
Publication Date October 30, 2023
Submission Date July 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023Volume: 24 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Tanrıverdi, İ., & Kavurmacı, A. (2023). Perception of Female Managers in Port Enterprises: A Research in the South Marmara Ports. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(4), 573-582. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1333365
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