Abstract
Raymond Aron, who undertook the moderate liberal tradition, which contrasts with France's revolutionary and radical past, with his academic studies in various fields, draws attention as one of the important French liberal intellectuals of the twentieth century. This study, which aims to project the world of thought of Aron, who has intellectual richness in a very deep and wide range of fields such as politics, history, philosophy and international relations, especially sociology, through political philosophy, also has a double-layered purpose. In the context of political philosophy, Aron reveals the possibility of contingency, freedom in the actions of individuals and the autonomy of politics through his criticism of the deterministic explanation of history, and analyzes in depth how the opposite is the source of totalitarianism that destroys social and political pluralism. The constitutional-pluralist regimes he presents as an alternative to the reductive and one-dimensional world of meaning of the relevant ideological approach, which he characterizes as secular religions, prove the conceptual dimension of his continuation of the Tocquevillian tradition (acceptance of negative-positive freedom, primacy of politics, moderation and prudence). The second layer of the work is a refutation of a presupposition. Aron's synthesis of his sociological analysis of the reflections of the change in mentality that emerged with the industrial society with philosophical inquiries into the unchanging essence within all these changes is valuable for understanding his intellectual position. Because, as a member of the philosophical intellectual heritage of Continental Europe, he has a distinguished place in terms of holding both traditions in an era of intense criticism that Anglo-American-centered approaches in political sociology have lost their philosophical roots and depth.
References
- Adair-Toteff, C. (2019). Raymond Aron's Philosophy of Political Responsibility. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Anderson, B. (1997). Raymond Aron: The Recovery of the Political. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
- Aron, R. (1961). Introduction to the Philosophy of History . Boston: Beacon Press.
- Aron, R. (1979). Aydınların Afyonu. İstanbul: Tur Yayınları.
- Aron, R. (1997). Memoirs: Fifty Years of Political Reflection. London: Holmes & Meier Publication.
- Aron, R. (1997). Thinking Politically: A Liberal Minds in the Age of Ideologhy. london: Routledge.
- Aron, R. (2002). The Dawn of Universal History. New York: A Member of the Perseus Books Group.
- Aron, R. (2005). Özgürlükler Üzerine Deneme. Ankara: Lotus Yayınları.
- Aron, R. (2011). Demokrasi ve Totalitarizm. Ankara: Kadim.
- Aron, R. (2012). Sosyolojik Düşüncenin Evreleri. İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınevi.
- Aron, R. (2017). Politics and History. New York: Routledge.
- Bloom, A. (1990). Raymond Aron: The Last of Liberals. A. Bloom içinde, Giants and Dwarfs: Essays 1960-1990 (s. 256-267). New York: Simon and Schuster.
- Campbell, S. L. (1991). The Tocquevillian Liberalism and Political Sociology of Aron. The Historian, 2(53), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1991.tb00809.x
- Cherniss, J. (2021). Liberalism in Dark Times: The Liberal Ethos in The Twentieth Century . Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Colquhoun, R. (1986). Raymond Aron: The Philosopher in History. London: Sage Pub.
- Craiutu, A. (2012). Raymond Aron and the Tradition of Political Moderation in France. R. Geenens, & H. Rosenblatt içinde, French Liberalism From Montesquieu to Present Day (s. 271-291). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Craiutu, A. (2021). In Search of the Decent Society: Isaiah Berlin and Raymond Aron on Liberty. Critical Review, 32(4), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2020.1891761
- Gordon, D. (2011). In Search of Limits: Raymond Aron on ‘Secular Religion’ and Communism. Journal of Classical Sociology, 2(11), 139-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468795X11398168
- Hatier, C. (2003). The Liberal Message of Raymond Aron. European Journal of Political Theory, 4(2), 443-451.
- Hoffmann, S. (2007). Raymond Aron and Alexis de Tocqueville. B. P. Frost, & D. Mahoney içinde, Political Reason in an Age of Ideology (s. 105-123). London: Routledge.
- Ionescu, G. (1981). Raymond Aron. A. Crespigny, & K. Minogue içinde, Çağdaş Siyaset Felsefecileri (s. 191-207). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
- Mahoney, D. (1992a). The Liberal Political Science of Raymond Aron. Boston: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
- Mahoney, D. (1992b). The Politic Liberal Rationalism of Raymond Aron. Polity, 4(24), 693-708. https://doi.org/10.2307/3235056
- Manent, P. (1983). Raymond Aron. P. Manent, & R. Hausheer içinde, European Liberty (s. 1-24). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
- Pierce, R. (1963a). Liberalism and Democracy in the Thought of Raymond Aron. The Journal of Politics, 1(25), 14-35. https://doi.org/10.2307/2128192
- Pierce, R. (1963b). Comparative Politics: Liberty and Policy as Variables. The American Political Science Review, 3(57), 655-660. http://doi.org/10.2307/1952570
- Richter, M. (1984). Raymond Aron as Political Theorist. Political Theory, 2(12), 147-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591784012002001
- Shils, E. (1985). Raymond Aron: A Memoir. F. DRAUS içinde, History, Truth, Liberty: Selected Writings of Raymond Aron (s. 1-19). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
- Stewart, I. (2020). Raymond Aron and Liberal Thought in The Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Şenses, M. (2016). Devrim, Binyılcılık ve Ütopya. U.Ü. Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(31), 229-240. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.290991
- Tenzer, N. (2009). Yeni Bir Siyaset Felsefesinin Peşinde. İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları.
Abstract
Fransa’nın devrimci ve radikal geçmişiyle kontrast oluşturan ılımlı liberal geleneği, çeşitli alanlardaki akademik çalışmalarıyla üstlenen Raymond Aron, XX. yüzyılın önemli Fransız liberal entelektüellerinden biri olarak dikkatleri üzerine çekmektedir. Sosyoloji başta olmak üzere politika, tarih, felsefe ve uluslararası ilişkiler gibi oldukça derin ve geniş bir yelpaze içerisinde entelektüel zenginliğe sahip olan Aron’un düşünce dünyasına politika felsefesi üzerinden projeksiyon tutmayı amaçlayan bu çalışma, aynı zamanda çift katmanlı bir gayeyi de mahiyetinde barındırmaktadır. Politika felsefesi bağlamında, tarihin deterministik açımlamasına yönelik eleştirileriyle olumsallığın, bireylerin eylemlerindeki özgürlüğün ve politikanın özerkliğinin imkanını açığa çıkaran Aron, aksinin toplumsal ve politik çoğulculuğu tahrip eden totalitarizme nasıl kaynaklık ettiğini derinlemesine analiz etmektedir. Seküler dinler olarak karakterize ettiği ilgili ideolojik yaklaşımın, indirgeyici ve tek boyutlu anlam dünyasına alternatif olarak sunduğu anayasal-çoğulcu rejimler, onun Tocquevilleci geleneğin (negatif-pozitif özgürlüğün kabulü, politikanın önceliği, ılımlılık ve sağduyu) devamlılığını sağladığının kavramsal boyutunu kanıtlar bir niteliğe sahiptir. Çalışmanın ikinci katmanı ise bir ön kabulün reddiyesi niteliğindedir. Aron, sanayi toplumuyla birlikte ortaya çıkan zihniyet değişiminin yansımalarına yönelik sosyolojik analizlerini, tüm bu değişimlerin içerisindeki değişmeyen öze yönelik felsefi sorgulamalarla sentezlemesi entelektüel konumunun anlaşılması adına değerlidir. Çünkü, Kıta Avrupası’nın felsefesi düşünce mirasının bir mensubu olarak siyaset sosyolojisinde Anglo-Amerikan merkezli yaklaşımların felsefesi köklerini ve derinliğini yitirdiği eleştirisinin yoğun olduğu bir çağda, her iki geleneği de uhdesinde barınmasın açısından seçkin bir yere sahiptir.
References
- Adair-Toteff, C. (2019). Raymond Aron's Philosophy of Political Responsibility. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Anderson, B. (1997). Raymond Aron: The Recovery of the Political. Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
- Aron, R. (1961). Introduction to the Philosophy of History . Boston: Beacon Press.
- Aron, R. (1979). Aydınların Afyonu. İstanbul: Tur Yayınları.
- Aron, R. (1997). Memoirs: Fifty Years of Political Reflection. London: Holmes & Meier Publication.
- Aron, R. (1997). Thinking Politically: A Liberal Minds in the Age of Ideologhy. london: Routledge.
- Aron, R. (2002). The Dawn of Universal History. New York: A Member of the Perseus Books Group.
- Aron, R. (2005). Özgürlükler Üzerine Deneme. Ankara: Lotus Yayınları.
- Aron, R. (2011). Demokrasi ve Totalitarizm. Ankara: Kadim.
- Aron, R. (2012). Sosyolojik Düşüncenin Evreleri. İstanbul: Kırmızı Yayınevi.
- Aron, R. (2017). Politics and History. New York: Routledge.
- Bloom, A. (1990). Raymond Aron: The Last of Liberals. A. Bloom içinde, Giants and Dwarfs: Essays 1960-1990 (s. 256-267). New York: Simon and Schuster.
- Campbell, S. L. (1991). The Tocquevillian Liberalism and Political Sociology of Aron. The Historian, 2(53), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6563.1991.tb00809.x
- Cherniss, J. (2021). Liberalism in Dark Times: The Liberal Ethos in The Twentieth Century . Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Colquhoun, R. (1986). Raymond Aron: The Philosopher in History. London: Sage Pub.
- Craiutu, A. (2012). Raymond Aron and the Tradition of Political Moderation in France. R. Geenens, & H. Rosenblatt içinde, French Liberalism From Montesquieu to Present Day (s. 271-291). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Craiutu, A. (2021). In Search of the Decent Society: Isaiah Berlin and Raymond Aron on Liberty. Critical Review, 32(4), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2020.1891761
- Gordon, D. (2011). In Search of Limits: Raymond Aron on ‘Secular Religion’ and Communism. Journal of Classical Sociology, 2(11), 139-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468795X11398168
- Hatier, C. (2003). The Liberal Message of Raymond Aron. European Journal of Political Theory, 4(2), 443-451.
- Hoffmann, S. (2007). Raymond Aron and Alexis de Tocqueville. B. P. Frost, & D. Mahoney içinde, Political Reason in an Age of Ideology (s. 105-123). London: Routledge.
- Ionescu, G. (1981). Raymond Aron. A. Crespigny, & K. Minogue içinde, Çağdaş Siyaset Felsefecileri (s. 191-207). İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
- Mahoney, D. (1992a). The Liberal Political Science of Raymond Aron. Boston: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
- Mahoney, D. (1992b). The Politic Liberal Rationalism of Raymond Aron. Polity, 4(24), 693-708. https://doi.org/10.2307/3235056
- Manent, P. (1983). Raymond Aron. P. Manent, & R. Hausheer içinde, European Liberty (s. 1-24). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
- Pierce, R. (1963a). Liberalism and Democracy in the Thought of Raymond Aron. The Journal of Politics, 1(25), 14-35. https://doi.org/10.2307/2128192
- Pierce, R. (1963b). Comparative Politics: Liberty and Policy as Variables. The American Political Science Review, 3(57), 655-660. http://doi.org/10.2307/1952570
- Richter, M. (1984). Raymond Aron as Political Theorist. Political Theory, 2(12), 147-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591784012002001
- Shils, E. (1985). Raymond Aron: A Memoir. F. DRAUS içinde, History, Truth, Liberty: Selected Writings of Raymond Aron (s. 1-19). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
- Stewart, I. (2020). Raymond Aron and Liberal Thought in The Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Şenses, M. (2016). Devrim, Binyılcılık ve Ütopya. U.Ü. Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(31), 229-240. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.290991
- Tenzer, N. (2009). Yeni Bir Siyaset Felsefesinin Peşinde. İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Public Administration, Policy and Administration (Other) |
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | April 29, 2024 |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2024 |
| Submission Date | October 27, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | February 1, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024Volume: 25 Issue: 2 |
Cumhuriyet University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).