Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

The Mediating Role of Job Embeddedness and Regulating Role of Workplace Incivility in the Relationship of Perceived Supervisor Support with Job Satisfaction

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 119 - 142, 21.01.2025

Emre Seyrek , Nurdan Gürkan

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1551071

Abstract

There are many factors that may affect the job satisfaction of blue-collar textile employees. Accordingly, this study aims to determine the relationships between perceived supervisor support, job satisfaction, employees' job embeddedness and workplace incivility behaviors. Within the framework of this purpose, a model was created based on the literature in the research conducted on 427 blue-collar textile employees. This research model corresponds to Hayes model 14. The data obtained were analyzed with the help of IBM SPSS 22.0, AMOS 24.0 and PROCESS-Macro v4.1, an IBM SPSS plug-in. When the relationships in the study are analyzed; it is seen that perceived supervisor support has a positive total effect on the job satisfaction of blue-collar textile employees. Perceived supervisor support has a positive effect on blue-collar textile employees' job embeddedness. Blue-collar textile employees' job embeddedness has a positive effect on their job satisfaction. It has been concluded that workplace incivility behavior has a negative effect the on job satisfaction of blue-collar textile employees. It has been observed that workplace incivility behavior has a moderating effect on the effect of blue-collar textile employees' job embeddedness on their job satisfaction. In the study, it was determined that job embeddedness has a mediating effect on the effect of perceived supervisor support on job satisfaction of blue-collar textile employees. In addition, when the research model is considered as a whole, it is concluded that workplace incivility regulates the mediating role of job embeddedness in the effect of perceived supervisor support on job satisfaction.

Keywords

Perceived Supervisor Support Job Embeddedness Workplace Incivility Job Satisfaction

References

  • Alici, İ. (2017). İşe Gömülmüşlük. 21. Yüzyılda Örgütsel Davranış (1. baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Aman-Ullah, A., Aziz, A., Ibrahim, H., Mehmood, W., & Abbas, Y. A. (2021). The impact of job security, job satisfaction and job embeddedness on employee retention: An empirical investigation of Pakistan’s health-care industry. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 16(6), 904-922. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-12-2020-0480
  • Ampofo, E. T. (2020). Mediation effects of job satisfaction and work engagement on the relationship between organisational embeddedness and affective commitment among frontline employees of star-rated hotels in Accra. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44, 253-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.002
  • Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 452-471. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1999.2202131
  • Andriani, B. S., & Sudibjo, N. (2022). Pengaruh job embeddedness, job satisfaction, dan perceived organizational support terhadap affective commitment. Jurnal Akuntabilitas Manajemen Pendidikan, 10(2), 208-220. https://doi.org/10.21831/jamp.v10i2.53156
  • Aondo, R. M., Ngui, T., & Okeyo, W. (2020). The intervening role of staff loyalty on the relationship between transformational leadership style and performance of chartered universities in Kenya. African Journal of Emerging Issues, 2(9), 51-75.
  • Arasli, H., & Arici, H. E. (2019). Perceived supervisor support cure. Journal of East European Management Studies, 24(1), 61-88.
  • Ashraf, M. S., Bashir, M., Bilal, M. Y., Ijaz, K., & Usman, M. (2013). The impact of working environment on organization performance: A mediating role employee's job satisfaction. Global Management Journal for Academic & Corporate Studies, 3(1), 131-150.
  • Babin, B. J., & Boles, J. S. (1996). The effects of perceived co-worker involvement and supervisor support on service provider role stress, performance and job satisfaction. Journal of Retailing, 72(1), 57-75.
  • Baloyi, S., Van Waveren, C. C., & Chan, K. Y. (2014). The role of supervisor support in predicting employee job satisfaction from their perception of the performance management system: A test of competing models in engineering environments. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 25(1), 85-95.
  • Bambacas, M., & Kulik, T. C. (2013). Job embeddedness in China: How HR practices impact turnover intentions. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(10), 1933-1952.
  • Bandura, A. (1977a). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
  • Bandura, A. (1977b). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1978). The self system in reciprocal determinism. American Psychologist, 33(4), 344-358.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
  • Becker, T. E., Billings, R. S., Eveleth, D. M., & Gilbert, N. L. (1996). Foci and bases of employee commitment: Implications for job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), 464-482.
  • Bergiel, E. B., Nguyen, V. Q., Clenney, B. F., & Taylor, G. S. (2009). Human resource practices, job embeddedness and intention to quit. Management Research News, 32(3), 205-219.
  • Betancourt, H., & Blair, I. (1992). A cognition (attribution)-emotion model of violence in conflict situations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(5), 343-350.
  • Bhanthumnavin, D. (2003). Perceived social support from supervisor and group members' psychological and situational characteristics as predictors of subordinate performance in Thai work units. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14(1), 79-97.
  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
  • Bohner, G., Bless, H., Schwarz, N., & Strack, F. (1988). What triggers causal attributions? The impact of valence and subjective probability. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 335-345.
  • Bolat, E. (2018). Hemşirelikte Nezaketsizlik Ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Bozkurt, S. (2023). Process Makro ile aracılık, düzenleyicilik ve durumsal aracılık etki analizleri (SPSS uygulamalı). Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Bursal, M. (2019). SPSS ile temel veri analizleri (2. baskı). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Candan, H. (2016). Türkiye’de akademisyenlerin işe gömülmüşlükleri ile performans ve tükenmişlikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Journal of Business and Management, 18(3), 68-80.
  • Cavanaugh, M. A., Boswell, W. R., Roehling, M. V., & Boudreau, J. W. (2000). An empirical examination of self-reported work stress among U.S. managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.1.65
  • Ceylan, A. K., Çelik, G. M., & Emhan, A. (2015). Personel güçlendirmesi ve yönetici desteğinin iş memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisi: Enerji sektöründe bir uygulama. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 168-185.
  • Chetty, P. J. J., Coetzee, M., & Ferreira, N. (2016). Sources of job stress and cognitive receptivity to change: The moderating role of job embeddedness. South African Journal of Psychology, 46(1), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246315591308
  • Cingöz, A., & Kaplan, A. (2015). The effect of workplace incivility on job satisfaction and organizational trust: A study of industrial enterprises in Turkey. In WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings, Vienna, Austria (pp. 12-15).
  • Clark, M. S., & Grote, N. K. (1998). Why aren’t indices of relationship costs always negatively related to indices of relationship quality? Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 2–17.
  • Collins, B. J., Burrus, C. J., & Meyer, R. D. (2014). Gender differences in the impact of leadership styles on subordinate embeddedness and job satisfaction. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), 660-671.
  • Cortina, L. M., Kabat-Farr, D., Leskinen, E. A., Huerta, M., & Magley, V. J. (2013). Selective incivility as modern discrimination in organizations: Evidence and impact. Journal of Management, 39(6), 1579-1605.
  • Cortina, L. M., Magley, V. J., Williams, J. H., & Langhout, R. D. (2001). Incivility in the workplace: Incidence and impact. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(1), 64-80.
  • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
  • Crossley, C. D., Bennett, R. J., Jex, S. M., & Burnfield, J. L. (2007). Development of a global measure of job embeddedness and integration into a traditional model of voluntary turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1031-1042.
  • Dai, H., & Zhang, H. (2019). The effect of perceived organizational supports, perceived supervisory supports and perceived peer supports on innovative behavior: Focused on the job embeddedness of automotive industry research institute using VR technology. 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지, 24(10), 139-147.
  • Dechawatanapaisal, D. (2021). Meaningful work on career satisfaction: A moderated mediation model of job embeddedness and work-based social support. Management Research Review, 44(6), 889-908.
  • Dechawatanapaisal, D. (2022). Linking workplace social support to turnover intention through job embeddedness and work meaningfulness. Journal of Management & Organization, 1-23.
  • Edi, A. (2010). Şeyh Sait İsyanı sonrası Ağrı isyanları (1925–1930). III. Uluslararası Ağrı Dağı ve Nuh’un Gemisi Sempozyumu, 12–14 Ekim 2010, 1–14. İstanbul.
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
  • Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 565-573.
  • Erkal, E. A. (2020). İşte var olamama bağlamında örgütsel sinizmin tükenmişlik üzerine etkisi: Atatürk Üniversitesi HELİTAM örneği (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Ferreira, A. I., Martinez, L. F., Lamelas, J. P., & Rodrigues, R. I. (2017). Mediation of job embeddedness and satisfaction in the relationship between task characteristics and turnover: A multilevel study in Portuguese hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), 248-267.
  • Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5. baskı). London: Sage Publications.
  • Fisher, R. T. (2001). Role stress, the type A behavior pattern, and external auditor job satisfaction and performance. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 13(1), 143-170.
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000a). Positive affect and the other side. American Psychologist, 55(6), 647–654.
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000b). Stress, positive emotion, and coping. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(4), 115–118.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Gant, L. M., Nagda, B. A., Brabson, H. V., Jayaratne, S., Chess, W. A., & Singh, A. (1993). Effects of social support and undermining on African American workers' perceptions of coworker and supervisor relationships and psychological well-being. Social Work, 38(2), 158-164.
  • Gillen, M., Baltz, D., Gassel, M., Kirsch, L., & Vaccaro, D. (2002). Perceived safety climate, job demands, and coworker support among union and nonunion injured construction workers. Journal of Safety Research, 33(1), 33-51.
  • Giray, M. D., & Şahin, D. N. (2012). Algılanan örgütsel, yönetici ve çalışma arkadaşları desteği ölçekleri: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 15(30), 1-9.
  • Gök, S., Karatuna, I., & Başol, O. (2019). İşyeri nezaketsizliği ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 22(44), 116-118.
  • Gök, S., Karatuna, I., & Karaca, P. O. (2015). The role of perceived supervisor support and organizational identification in job satisfaction. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 177, 38-42.
  • Göktepe, E. A., & Keleş, D. (2019). İşyeri nezaketsizliği ve işten ayrılma eğilimi ilişkisi: Akademik personel üzerine bir araştırma. Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Davranış Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(12), 262-273.
  • Green, J. (2000). Job satisfaction of community college chairpersons (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia.
  • Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S. (2000). A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and research implications for the next millennium. Journal of Management, 26(3), 463-488.
  • Griffin, M. A., Patterson, M. G., & West, M. A. (2001). Job satisfaction and teamwork: The role of supervisor support. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(5), 537-550.
  • Gültaç, A. S. (2019). Örgütsel sapma ve nezaketsizlik davranışları ilişkisinde işyerinde dışlanmanın aracı rolü: Sağlık kurumlarında bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (5. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Ha, D. H., & Kim, S. M. (2010). Effects of job embeddedness on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention-focused on employees of hotel F & B division. Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science, 26(1), 1-12.
  • Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159-170.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7. baskı). Upper Saddle River, New York: Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. (2013). Multivariate data analysis. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Halbesleben, J. R., & Wheeler, A. R. (2008). The relative roles of engagement and embeddedness in predicting job performance and intention to leave. Work & Stress, 22(3), 242-256.
  • Harris, K. J., Wheeler, A. R., & Kacmar, K. M. (2011). The mediating role of organizational job embeddedness in the LMX–outcomes relationships. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 271-281.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (1. baskı). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2. baskı). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (3. baskı). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). The ecology of stress. Taylor & Francis.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resource theory. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50(3), 337-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062
  • Hoffman, R. L., & Chunta, K. (2015). Workplace incivility: Promoting zero tolerance in nursing. Journal of Radiology Nursing, 34(4), 222-227.
  • Hollenbeck, J. R. (2008). The role of editing in knowledge development: Consensus shifting and consensus creation. In Y. Baruch, A. M. Konrad, H. Aguinis, & W. H. Starbuck (Eds.), Journal editing: Opening the black box (pp. 16–26). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Holtom, B. C., Burton, J. P., & Crossley, C. D. (2012). How negative affectivity moderates the relationship between shocks, embeddedness and worker behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 434-443.
  • Hom, P. W., Tsui, A. S., Wu, J. B., Lee, T. W., Zhang, A. Y., Fu, P. P., & Li, L. (2009). Explaining employment relationships with social exchange and job embeddedness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 277–297. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013453
  • Horan, K. A., Nakahara, W. H., DiStaso, M. J., & Jex, S. M. (2020). A review of the challenge-hindrance stress model: Recent advances, expanded paradigms, and recommendations for future research. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 560346. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560346
  • Hughes, J. M. (2010). The role of supervision in social work: A critical analysis. Critical Social Thinking: Policy and Practice, 2(1), 59-77.
  • Işıkay, Ç. (2018). İşyeri nezaketsizliği, tükenmişlik ve iş doyumu ilişkisinde örgütsel adalet algısının aracılık rolü: Muğla ili kamu hastaneleri birliğinde görev yapan hemşireler üzerine bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Muğla.
  • İLKHA. (2022). Ağrı’daki siyasiler kentte faaliyet gösteren tekstil firmalarının kapatılmaması için çağrıda bulundu. İlkha. https://ilkha.com/ekonomi/agri-daki-siyasiler-kentte-faaliyet-gosteren-tekstil-firmalarinin-kapatilmamasi-icin-cagrida-bulundu-196013 (Erişim Tarihi: 26.07.2022)
  • Jiang, J. J., & Klein, G. (1999). Supervisor support and career anchor impact on the career satisfaction of the entry-level information systems professional. Journal of Management Information Systems, 16(3), 219-240.
  • Jiang, K., Liu, D., McKay, P. F., Lee, T. W., & Mitchell, T. R. (2012). When and how is job embeddedness predictive of turnover? A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(5), 1077-1096.
  • Kalliath, P., Kalliath, T., Chan, X. W., & Chan, C. (2020). Enhancing job satisfaction through work–family enrichment and perceived supervisor support: The case of Australian social workers. Personnel Review, 49(9), 2055-2072.
  • Kalshoven, K., Den Hartog, D. N., & De Hoogh, A. H. (2013). Ethical leadership and follower helping and courtesy: Moral awareness and empathic concern as moderators. Applied Psychology, 62(2), 211-235.
  • Kanten, P. (2014). İşyeri nezaketsizliğinin sosyal kaytarma davranışı ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde duygusal tükenmenin aracılık rolü. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 11-26.
  • Karasek, R. A., Triantis, K. P., & Chaudhry, S. S. (1982). Coworker and supervisor support as moderators of associations between task characteristics and mental strain. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 3(2), 181-200.
  • Karatepe, O. M. (2011). Customer aggression, emotional exhaustion, and hotel employee outcomes: A study in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28(3), 279-295.
  • Karatepe, O. M. (2012). The effects of coworker and perceived organizational support on hotel employee outcomes: The moderating role of job embeddedness. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 36(4), 495-516.
  • Karatepe, O. M. (2014). The importance of supervisor support for effective hotel employees: An empirical investigation in Cameroon. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 55(4), 388-397. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965513511147
  • Karatepe, O. M. (2016). Does job embeddedness mediate the effects of coworker and family support on creative performance? An empirical study in the hotel industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 15, 119-132.
  • Kautsar, A. P., Widianto, S., & Duhita, G. H. (2015). The hospital pharmacists’ role: Influence of job embeddedness on job performance and job satisfaction through mediator’s job involvement. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 34(2), 265-272.
  • Kaya, H. (2016). Bayezid sancağı örneğinde Osmanlı idari yapısında yurtluk-ocaklık sistemi. Current Research in Social Sciences, 2(1), 17–26.
  • Kazdal, M. (2022). XVIII. yüzyılın ilk yarısında yurtluk-ocaklık sistemi: Çıldır beylerbeyiliği örneği. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22, 308–324.
  • Kesen, M., & Akyüz, B. (2016). Duygusal emek ve prososyal motivasyonun işe gömülmüşlüğe etkisi: Sağlık çalışanları üzerine bir uygulama. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(2), 233-250.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3. baskı). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Kottke, J. L., & Sharafinski, C. E. (1988). Measuring perceived supervisory and organizational support. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48(4), 1075–1079. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164488484024
  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
  • Kula, S. (2011). Occupational stress and work-related wellbeing of Turkish National Police (TNP) members (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Central Florida, Orlando.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Selections in stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing.
  • Lee, T. W., & Mitchell, T. R. (1994). An alternative approach: The unfolding model of voluntary employee turnover. Academy of Management Review, 19(1), 51-89.
  • Lee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Sablynski, C. J., Burton, J. P., & Holtom, B. C. (2004). The effects of job embeddedness on organizational citizenship, job performance, volitional absences, and voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 47(5), 711-722.
  • Leiter, M. (2013). Analyzing and theorizing the dynamics of the workplace incivility crisis. Springer.
  • Lewin, K. (1947). Group decision and social change. Readings in Social Psychology, 3(1), 197–211.
  • Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science: Selected theoretical papers (Edited by Dorwin Cartwright). Harpers.
  • Liden, R. C., & Maslyn, J. M. (1998). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. Journal of Management, 24(1), 43-72.
  • Lim, S., Cortina, L. M., & Magley, V. J. (2008). Personal and workgroup incivility: Impact on work and health outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 95-107.
  • Lloyd, C., King, R., & Chenoweth, L. (2002). Social work, stress and burnout: A review. Journal of Mental Health, 11(3), 255-265.
  • Locke, E. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297-1349). Chicago: Rand McNally.
  • Mackinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(1), 99-128.
  • Malik, A., Shahwar, M., Amin, M., & Shahid, M. N. (2023). The mediating role of work engagement on the relationship between job security, organizational justice, job embeddedness and turnover intention of Pakistan's textile industry. Current Trends in Law and Society, 3(1), 12-31.
  • Marchiondo, L. A., Cortina, L. M., & Kabat‐Farr, D. (2018). Attributions and appraisals of workplace incivility: Finding light on the dark side?. Applied Psychology, 67(3), 369-400.
  • Martadiani, A. A. M., Pulawan, I. M., & Nitiwidari, D. A. (2022). Role of job satisfaction, work-life balance and job embeddedness on turnover intention nurse in Denpasar. EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review (JEBR), 10(10), 35-45.
  • Martin, R. J., & Hine, D. W. (2005). Development and validation of the uncivil workplace behavior questionnaire. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 477-490.
  • Martinko, M. J., Harvey, P., & Douglas, S. C. (2007). The role, function, and contribution of attribution theory to leadership: A review. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 561–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.09.004
  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396.
  • Matsunaga, M. (2011). Underlying circuits of social support for bullied victims: An appraisal-based perspective on supportive communication and postbullying adjustment. Human Communication Research, 37, 174–206.
  • Matthews, R. A., Bulger, C. A., & Barnes-Farrell, J. L. (2010). Work social supports, role stressors, and work–family conflict: The moderating effect of age. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(1), 78-90.
  • Meier, L. L., & Gross, S. (2015). Episodes of incivility between subordinates and supervisors: Examining the role of self‐control and time with an interaction‐record diary study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(8), 1096-1113.
  • Meredith, O. M. (2022). The role of perceived organizational support and on the job embeddedness on employee turnover intention (Doctoral dissertation). The University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
  • Miller, D. T. (2001). Disrespect and the experience of injustice. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 527–553.
  • Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C., Lee, T. W., Sablynski, C. J., & Erez, M. (2001). Why people stay: Using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6), 1102-1121.
  • Moskowitz, J. T., Folkman, S., & Acree, M. (2003). Do positive psychological states shed light on recovery from bereavement? Findings from a 3-year longitudinal study. Death Studies, 27(6), 471–500.
  • Mujtaba, B. G., & Senathip, T. (2020). Workplace mobbing and the role of human resources management. Business Ethics and Leadership, 4(1), 17–34.
  • Mujtaba, B. G., Cavico, F. J., & Senathip, T. (2020). Strategies for personal, organizational and professional leadership success. Scientific Journal of Research & Reviews, 2(3), 1–10.
  • Mullins, L. J. (2002). Management and organizational behavior (6th ed.). Prentice Hall.
  • Muse, L. A., & Pichler, S. (2011). A comparison of types of support for lower-skill workers: Evidence for the importance of family supportive supervisors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(3), 653-666.
  • Nalband, N. A., & Otaibi, S. A. (2022). Job embeddedness or work engagement: A catalyst for job satisfaction?. Pacific Business Review (International), 15(5), 93-103.
  • Ng, T. W., & Feldman, D. C. (2011). Locus of control and organizational embeddedness. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84(1), 173-190. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317910X494197
  • Nguyen, V. Q. (2010). Organizational, job, and supervisory antecedents and consequence of job embeddedness: The case of Vietnam (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Mississippi State University, Mississippi.
  • Nguyen, V. Q., Taylor, G. S., & Bergiel, E. (2017). Organizational antecedents of job embeddedness. Management Research Review, 40(11), 1216-1235.
  • Nicholson, T., & Griffin, B. (2017). Thank goodness it’s Friday: Weekly pattern of workplace incivility. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 30(1), 1-14.
  • O’Fallon, M., & Butterfield, K. (2012). The influence of unethical peer behavior on observers’ unethical behavior: A social cognitive perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 109, 117-131.
  • Ohly, S., & Fritz, C. (2010). Work characteristics, challenge appraisal, creativity, and proactive behavior: A multi-level study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 543–565.
  • Oshagbemi, T. (2000). Satisfaction with co-workers’ behaviors. Employee Relations, 22(2), 88-106.
  • Parvin, M. M., & Kabir, M. N. (2011). Factors affecting employee job satisfaction of pharmaceutical sector. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(9), 113-123.
  • Pearson, C. M., Andersson, L. M., & Porath, C. L. (2000). Assessing and attacking workplace incivility. Organizational Dynamics, 29(2), 123-137.
  • Perrewe, P. L., & Carlson, D. S. (2002). Do men and women benefit from social support equally? Results from a field examination within the work and family context. In D. L. Nelson & D. S. Burke (Eds.), Gender, work, stress and health: Current research issues (pp. 101-123). American Psychological Association.
  • Pillemer, D. (2003). Directive functions of autobiographical memory: The guiding power of the specific episode. Memory, 11(2), 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/741938208
  • Porath, C. L., & Pearson, C. M. (2012). Emotional and behavioral responses to workplace incivility and the impact of hierarchical status. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(1), 326-357.
  • Potgieter, I. L., & Ferreira, N. (2018). Female human resource professionals’ job embeddedness in relation to commitment foci: An exploratory study. Acta Commercii, 18(1), 1-8.
  • Preacher, K. J., & Kelley, K. (2011). Effect size measures for mediation models: Quantitative strategies for communicating indirect effects. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 93-115.
  • Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185-227.
  • Psailla, G., & Roland, W. (Eds.). (2007). E-commerce and web technologies: 8th international conference, EC-Web 2007, Regensburg, Germany, September 3-7, 2007, proceedings (Vol. 4655). Springer.
  • Ramayah, T., Lee, J. W. C., & In, J. B. C. (2011). Network collaboration and performance in the tourism sector. Service Business, 5(4), 411-428.
  • Ramesh, A., & Gelfand, M. J. (2010). Will they stay or will they go? The role of job embeddedness in predicting turnover in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 807-823.
  • Ramlall, S. (2004). A review of employee motivation theories and their implications for employee retention within organizations. Journal of American Academy of Business, 5(1/2), 52-63.
  • Rathi, N., & Lee, K. (2017). Understanding the role of supervisor support in retaining employees and enhancing their satisfaction with life. Personnel Review, 46(8), 1605-1619. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2015-0287
  • Raykov, T. (2004). Behavioral scale reliability and measurement invariance evaluation using latent variable modeling. Behavior Therapy, 35(2), 299-331.
  • Reich, T. C., & Hershcovis, M. S. (2015). Observing workplace incivility. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 203-215.
  • Reio Jr, T. G., & Ghosh, R. (2009). Antecedents and outcomes of workplace incivility: Implications for human resource development research and practice. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 20(3), 237-264.
  • Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714.
  • Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 825-836.
  • Robbins, S., & Judge, T. (2017). Örgütsel davranış (İ. Erdem, Çev.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik.
  • Robinson, R. N., Kralj, A., Solnet, D. J., Goh, E., & Callan, V. (2014). Thinking job embeddedness not turnover: Towards a better understanding of frontline hotel worker retention. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 101-109.
  • Sari, N. R., & Anjaningrum, W. D. (2023). Can the affective commitment and job satisfaction mediate the impact of job embeddedness on turnover intention?. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 23(1), 47-54.
  • Schad, E., Torkelson, E., Bäckström, M., & Karlson, B. (2014). Introducing a Swedish translation of the workplace incivility scale. Lund Psychological Reports, 14(1), 1-15.
  • Schaefer, J. A., & Moos, R. H. (1992). Life crises and personal growth. In B. N. Carpenter (Ed.), Personal coping: Theory, research, and application (pp. 149–170). Praeger.
  • Schaefer, J. A., & Moos, R. H. (1998). The context for posttraumatic growth: Life crises, individual and social resources, and coping. In R. G. Tedeschi, C. L. Park, & L. G. Calhoun (Eds.), Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis (pp. 99–126). Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Seyrek, E. (2023). Türkiye’de işe gömülmüşlük üzerine yapılan araştırmaların içerik analizi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (32), 186-208.
  • Shaikh, S. H., Shaikh, H., & Shaikh, S. (2019). The impact of job dissatisfaction on extrinsic factors and employee performance in textile industries. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 9(6), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.06.2019.P9003
  • Shanock, L. R., & Eisenberger, R. (2006). When supervisors feel supported: Relationships with subordinates' perceived supervisor support, perceived organizational support, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 689–695.
  • Shehawy, Y. M., Elbaz, A., & Agag, G. M. (2018). Factors affecting employees’ job embeddedness in the Egyptian airline industry. Tourism Review, 73(4), 548-571. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2018-0036
  • Singh, B., Shaffer, M. A., & Selvarajan, T. T. (2018). Antecedents of organizational and community embeddedness: The roles of support, psychological safety, and need to belong. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(3), 339-354.
  • Snyder, C. R., Shorey, H. S., Cheavens, J., Pulvers, K. M., Adams, V. H., III, & Wiklund, C. (2002). Hope and academic success in college. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(4), 820-826.
  • Son, S. Y., & Choi, J. S. (2015). Effect of job embeddedness and job satisfaction on turnover intention in nurses. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing, 27(2), 180-187. https://doi.org/10.7469/kjan.2015.27.2.180
  • Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: Development of the job satisfaction survey. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13(6), 693-713. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00929796
  • Spence Laschinger, H. K., Leiter, M. P., Day, A., Gilin-Oore, D., & Mackinnon, S. P. (2012). Building empowering work environments that foster civility and organizational trust: Testing an intervention. Nursing Research, 61(5), 316–325.
  • Spitzer, D. (1986). Five keys to successful training. Training, 23(6), 37-39.
  • Stein, N., Folkman, S., Trabasso, T., & Richards, T. A. (1997). Appraisal and goal processes as predictors of psychological well-being in bereaved caregivers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(4), 872–884.
  • Stewart, J. L., & Wiener, K. K. K. (2021). Does supervisor gender moderate the mediation of job embeddedness between LMX and job satisfaction?. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 36(4), 536-552.
  • Tabak, F., & Hendy, N. T. (2016). Work engagement: Trust as a mediator of the impact of organizational job embeddedness and perceived organizational support. Organization Management Journal, 13(1), 21-31.
  • Taştan, S. B. (2014). İşyeri nezaketsizliğini öngören örgütsel ve durumsal önceller ile çalışanların davranışsal sonuçları arasındaki ilişkinin ve sosyo-psikolojik kaynakların rolünün incelenmesi: Sağlık kurumlarında yapılan bir araştırma. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 16(3), 60-75.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutum ölçümü ve SPSS ile veri analizi (5. baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Thakur, S. J., & Bhatnagar, J. (2017). Mediator analysis of job embeddedness: Relationship between work-life balance practices and turnover intentions. Employee Relations, 39(5), 718-731. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2016-0223
  • Tomaka, J., Blascovich, J., Kelsey, R. M., & Leitten, C. L. (1993). Subjective, physiological, and behavioral effects of threat and challenge appraisal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 248–260.
  • Trudel, J., & Reio, T. G., Jr. (2011). Managing workplace incivility: The role of conflict management styles—Antecedent or antidote? Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22, 395–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20081
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TÜİK]. (2023a). Gelir dağılımı istatistikleri, 2022. https://l24.im/iau (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2023)
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TÜİK]. (2023b). Yoksulluk ve yaşam koşulları istatistikleri, 2022. https://l24.im/vrxaqu (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2023)
  • Türkiye İş Kurumu [İŞKUR]. (2023). İşgücü piyasası araştırması Ağrı ili 2022 yılı sonuç raporu. İŞKUR. https://media.iskur.gov.tr/66860/agri.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2023)
  • Van Dyk, J., Coetzee, M., & Takawira, N. (2013). Satisfaction with retention factors as predictors of the job embeddedness of medical and information technology services staff. Southern African Business Review, 17(1), 57–75.
  • Vangelisti, A. L., & Young, S. L. (2000). When words hurt: The effects of perceived intentionality on interpersonal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17, 393–424. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407500173005
  • Wang, C. J. (2023). Influence of social identity on service sabotage in hospitality organizations: Cross-level roles of job embeddedness, organizational identification and supervisor support. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2022-1622
  • Wheeler, A. R., Harris, K. J., & Harvey, P. (2010). Moderating and mediating the HRM effectiveness—intent to turnover relationship: The roles of supervisors and job embeddedness. Journal of Managerial Issues, 22(2), 182-196.
  • Wheeler, A. R., Harris, K. J., & Sablynski, C. J. (2012). How do employees invest abundant resources? The mediating role of work effort in the job‐embeddedness/job‐performance relationship. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, E244-E266.
  • Winarto, Y., & Chalidyanto, D. (2020). Perceived supervisor support and employee job satisfaction in private hospital. Eurasian Journal of Biosciences, 14(2), 2793-2797.
  • Yıldız, S. (2019, Haziran 13). Ağrı'nın kaderi Tekstilkent ile değişecek. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/agrinin-kaderi-tekstilkent-ile-degisecek/1503009 (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2023)
  • Yoon, J., & Lim, J. C. (1999). Organizational support in the workplace: The case of Korean hospital employees. Human Relations, 52(7), 923-945.
  • Yu, J., Ariza-Montes, A., Giorgi, G., Lee, A., & Han, H. (2020). Sustainable relationship development between hotel company and its employees: Linking job embeddedness, job satisfaction, self-efficacy, job performance, work engagement, and turnover. Sustainability, 12(17), 7168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177168
  • Zhang, L., Fan, C., Deng, Y., Lam, C. F., Hu, E., & Wang, L. (2019). Exploring the interpersonal determinants of job embeddedness and voluntary turnover: A conservation of resources perspective. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(3), 413-432.
  • Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197-206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257

Algılanan Yönetici Desteğinin İş Tatmini İle İlişkisinde İşe Gömülmüşlüğün Aracı, İşyeri Nezaketsizliğinin Düzenleyici Rolü

Year 2025, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 119 - 142, 21.01.2025

Emre Seyrek , Nurdan Gürkan

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1551071

Abstract

Mavi yakalı tekstil çalışanlarının iş tatminlerini etkileyebilecek birçok etmen söz konusudur. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada, algılanan yönetici desteği, iş tatmini, çalışanların işe gömülmüşlükleri ile işyeri nezaketsizliği davranışları arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç çerçevesinde, 427 mavi yakalı tekstil çalışanı üzerinde gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, literatüre dayanılarak bir model oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan bu araştırma modeli Hayes model 14’e karşılık gelmektedir. Elde edilen veriler IBM SPSS 22.0, AMOS 24.0 ve bir IBM SPSS eklentisi olan PROCESS-Macro v4.1 versiyonu yardımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmadaki ilişkiler incelendiğinde; algılanan yönetici desteğinin mavi yakalı tekstil çalışanlarının iş tatminleri üzerinde olumlu bir toplam etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Algılanan yönetici desteğinin mavi yakalı tekstil çalışanlarının işe gömülmüşlüklerine olumlu bir etkisi olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Mavi yakalı tekstil çalışanlarının işe gömülmüşlüklerinin iş tatminleri üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu saptanmıştır. İşyeri nezaketsizliği davranışının mavi yakalı tekstil çalışanlarının iş tatminleri üzerinde olumsuz etkisinin olduğu sonucuna erişilmiştir. Mavi yakalı tekstil çalışanların işe gömülmüşlüklerinin iş tatminleri üzerindeki etkisinde işyeri nezaketsizliği davranışının düzenleyici etkiye sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırmada algılanan yönetici desteğinin mavi yakalı tekstil çalışanlarının iş tatminleri üzerindeki etkisinde işe gömülmüşlüğün aracı etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca araştırma modeli bir bütün olarak ele alındığında, algılanan yönetici desteğinin iş tatminine etkisinde işe gömülmüşlüğün aracı rolünü işyeri nezaketsizliğinin düzenlediği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Algılanan Yönetici Desteği İşe Gömülmüşlük İşyeri Nezaketsizliği İş Tatmini

References

  • Alici, İ. (2017). İşe Gömülmüşlük. 21. Yüzyılda Örgütsel Davranış (1. baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Aman-Ullah, A., Aziz, A., Ibrahim, H., Mehmood, W., & Abbas, Y. A. (2021). The impact of job security, job satisfaction and job embeddedness on employee retention: An empirical investigation of Pakistan’s health-care industry. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 16(6), 904-922. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-12-2020-0480
  • Ampofo, E. T. (2020). Mediation effects of job satisfaction and work engagement on the relationship between organisational embeddedness and affective commitment among frontline employees of star-rated hotels in Accra. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 44, 253-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.06.002
  • Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 452-471. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1999.2202131
  • Andriani, B. S., & Sudibjo, N. (2022). Pengaruh job embeddedness, job satisfaction, dan perceived organizational support terhadap affective commitment. Jurnal Akuntabilitas Manajemen Pendidikan, 10(2), 208-220. https://doi.org/10.21831/jamp.v10i2.53156
  • Aondo, R. M., Ngui, T., & Okeyo, W. (2020). The intervening role of staff loyalty on the relationship between transformational leadership style and performance of chartered universities in Kenya. African Journal of Emerging Issues, 2(9), 51-75.
  • Arasli, H., & Arici, H. E. (2019). Perceived supervisor support cure. Journal of East European Management Studies, 24(1), 61-88.
  • Ashraf, M. S., Bashir, M., Bilal, M. Y., Ijaz, K., & Usman, M. (2013). The impact of working environment on organization performance: A mediating role employee's job satisfaction. Global Management Journal for Academic & Corporate Studies, 3(1), 131-150.
  • Babin, B. J., & Boles, J. S. (1996). The effects of perceived co-worker involvement and supervisor support on service provider role stress, performance and job satisfaction. Journal of Retailing, 72(1), 57-75.
  • Baloyi, S., Van Waveren, C. C., & Chan, K. Y. (2014). The role of supervisor support in predicting employee job satisfaction from their perception of the performance management system: A test of competing models in engineering environments. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, 25(1), 85-95.
  • Bambacas, M., & Kulik, T. C. (2013). Job embeddedness in China: How HR practices impact turnover intentions. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(10), 1933-1952.
  • Bandura, A. (1977a). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
  • Bandura, A. (1977b). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1978). The self system in reciprocal determinism. American Psychologist, 33(4), 344-358.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
  • Becker, T. E., Billings, R. S., Eveleth, D. M., & Gilbert, N. L. (1996). Foci and bases of employee commitment: Implications for job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), 464-482.
  • Bergiel, E. B., Nguyen, V. Q., Clenney, B. F., & Taylor, G. S. (2009). Human resource practices, job embeddedness and intention to quit. Management Research News, 32(3), 205-219.
  • Betancourt, H., & Blair, I. (1992). A cognition (attribution)-emotion model of violence in conflict situations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(5), 343-350.
  • Bhanthumnavin, D. (2003). Perceived social support from supervisor and group members' psychological and situational characteristics as predictors of subordinate performance in Thai work units. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14(1), 79-97.
  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
  • Bohner, G., Bless, H., Schwarz, N., & Strack, F. (1988). What triggers causal attributions? The impact of valence and subjective probability. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18, 335-345.
  • Bolat, E. (2018). Hemşirelikte Nezaketsizlik Ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Bozkurt, S. (2023). Process Makro ile aracılık, düzenleyicilik ve durumsal aracılık etki analizleri (SPSS uygulamalı). Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Bursal, M. (2019). SPSS ile temel veri analizleri (2. baskı). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Candan, H. (2016). Türkiye’de akademisyenlerin işe gömülmüşlükleri ile performans ve tükenmişlikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Journal of Business and Management, 18(3), 68-80.
  • Cavanaugh, M. A., Boswell, W. R., Roehling, M. V., & Boudreau, J. W. (2000). An empirical examination of self-reported work stress among U.S. managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.1.65
  • Ceylan, A. K., Çelik, G. M., & Emhan, A. (2015). Personel güçlendirmesi ve yönetici desteğinin iş memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisi: Enerji sektöründe bir uygulama. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 168-185.
  • Chetty, P. J. J., Coetzee, M., & Ferreira, N. (2016). Sources of job stress and cognitive receptivity to change: The moderating role of job embeddedness. South African Journal of Psychology, 46(1), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246315591308
  • Cingöz, A., & Kaplan, A. (2015). The effect of workplace incivility on job satisfaction and organizational trust: A study of industrial enterprises in Turkey. In WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings, Vienna, Austria (pp. 12-15).
  • Clark, M. S., & Grote, N. K. (1998). Why aren’t indices of relationship costs always negatively related to indices of relationship quality? Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2, 2–17.
  • Collins, B. J., Burrus, C. J., & Meyer, R. D. (2014). Gender differences in the impact of leadership styles on subordinate embeddedness and job satisfaction. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), 660-671.
  • Cortina, L. M., Kabat-Farr, D., Leskinen, E. A., Huerta, M., & Magley, V. J. (2013). Selective incivility as modern discrimination in organizations: Evidence and impact. Journal of Management, 39(6), 1579-1605.
  • Cortina, L. M., Magley, V. J., Williams, J. H., & Langhout, R. D. (2001). Incivility in the workplace: Incidence and impact. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(1), 64-80.
  • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
  • Crossley, C. D., Bennett, R. J., Jex, S. M., & Burnfield, J. L. (2007). Development of a global measure of job embeddedness and integration into a traditional model of voluntary turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1031-1042.
  • Dai, H., & Zhang, H. (2019). The effect of perceived organizational supports, perceived supervisory supports and perceived peer supports on innovative behavior: Focused on the job embeddedness of automotive industry research institute using VR technology. 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지, 24(10), 139-147.
  • Dechawatanapaisal, D. (2021). Meaningful work on career satisfaction: A moderated mediation model of job embeddedness and work-based social support. Management Research Review, 44(6), 889-908.
  • Dechawatanapaisal, D. (2022). Linking workplace social support to turnover intention through job embeddedness and work meaningfulness. Journal of Management & Organization, 1-23.
  • Edi, A. (2010). Şeyh Sait İsyanı sonrası Ağrı isyanları (1925–1930). III. Uluslararası Ağrı Dağı ve Nuh’un Gemisi Sempozyumu, 12–14 Ekim 2010, 1–14. İstanbul.
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
  • Eisenberger, R., Stinglhamber, F., Vandenberghe, C., Sucharski, I., & Rhoades, L. (2002). Perceived supervisor support: Contributions to perceived organizational support and employee retention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 565-573.
  • Erkal, E. A. (2020). İşte var olamama bağlamında örgütsel sinizmin tükenmişlik üzerine etkisi: Atatürk Üniversitesi HELİTAM örneği (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Erzurum.
  • Ferreira, A. I., Martinez, L. F., Lamelas, J. P., & Rodrigues, R. I. (2017). Mediation of job embeddedness and satisfaction in the relationship between task characteristics and turnover: A multilevel study in Portuguese hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), 248-267.
  • Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5. baskı). London: Sage Publications.
  • Fisher, R. T. (2001). Role stress, the type A behavior pattern, and external auditor job satisfaction and performance. Behavioral Research in Accounting, 13(1), 143-170.
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000a). Positive affect and the other side. American Psychologist, 55(6), 647–654.
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000b). Stress, positive emotion, and coping. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(4), 115–118.
  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
  • Gant, L. M., Nagda, B. A., Brabson, H. V., Jayaratne, S., Chess, W. A., & Singh, A. (1993). Effects of social support and undermining on African American workers' perceptions of coworker and supervisor relationships and psychological well-being. Social Work, 38(2), 158-164.
  • Gillen, M., Baltz, D., Gassel, M., Kirsch, L., & Vaccaro, D. (2002). Perceived safety climate, job demands, and coworker support among union and nonunion injured construction workers. Journal of Safety Research, 33(1), 33-51.
  • Giray, M. D., & Şahin, D. N. (2012). Algılanan örgütsel, yönetici ve çalışma arkadaşları desteği ölçekleri: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 15(30), 1-9.
  • Gök, S., Karatuna, I., & Başol, O. (2019). İşyeri nezaketsizliği ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 22(44), 116-118.
  • Gök, S., Karatuna, I., & Karaca, P. O. (2015). The role of perceived supervisor support and organizational identification in job satisfaction. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 177, 38-42.
  • Göktepe, E. A., & Keleş, D. (2019). İşyeri nezaketsizliği ve işten ayrılma eğilimi ilişkisi: Akademik personel üzerine bir araştırma. Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Davranış Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(12), 262-273.
  • Green, J. (2000). Job satisfaction of community college chairpersons (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia.
  • Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S. (2000). A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and research implications for the next millennium. Journal of Management, 26(3), 463-488.
  • Griffin, M. A., Patterson, M. G., & West, M. A. (2001). Job satisfaction and teamwork: The role of supervisor support. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(5), 537-550.
  • Gültaç, A. S. (2019). Örgütsel sapma ve nezaketsizlik davranışları ilişkisinde işyerinde dışlanmanın aracı rolü: Sağlık kurumlarında bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (5. baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Ha, D. H., & Kim, S. M. (2010). Effects of job embeddedness on job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention-focused on employees of hotel F & B division. Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science, 26(1), 1-12.
  • Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159-170.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7. baskı). Upper Saddle River, New York: Prentice Hall.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. (2013). Multivariate data analysis. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Halbesleben, J. R., & Wheeler, A. R. (2008). The relative roles of engagement and embeddedness in predicting job performance and intention to leave. Work & Stress, 22(3), 242-256.
  • Harris, K. J., Wheeler, A. R., & Kacmar, K. M. (2011). The mediating role of organizational job embeddedness in the LMX–outcomes relationships. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 271-281.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (1. baskı). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2. baskı). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (3. baskı). New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). The ecology of stress. Taylor & Francis.
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resource theory. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50(3), 337-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00062
  • Hoffman, R. L., & Chunta, K. (2015). Workplace incivility: Promoting zero tolerance in nursing. Journal of Radiology Nursing, 34(4), 222-227.
  • Hollenbeck, J. R. (2008). The role of editing in knowledge development: Consensus shifting and consensus creation. In Y. Baruch, A. M. Konrad, H. Aguinis, & W. H. Starbuck (Eds.), Journal editing: Opening the black box (pp. 16–26). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Holtom, B. C., Burton, J. P., & Crossley, C. D. (2012). How negative affectivity moderates the relationship between shocks, embeddedness and worker behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 434-443.
  • Hom, P. W., Tsui, A. S., Wu, J. B., Lee, T. W., Zhang, A. Y., Fu, P. P., & Li, L. (2009). Explaining employment relationships with social exchange and job embeddedness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(2), 277–297. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013453
  • Horan, K. A., Nakahara, W. H., DiStaso, M. J., & Jex, S. M. (2020). A review of the challenge-hindrance stress model: Recent advances, expanded paradigms, and recommendations for future research. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 560346. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560346
  • Hughes, J. M. (2010). The role of supervision in social work: A critical analysis. Critical Social Thinking: Policy and Practice, 2(1), 59-77.
  • Işıkay, Ç. (2018). İşyeri nezaketsizliği, tükenmişlik ve iş doyumu ilişkisinde örgütsel adalet algısının aracılık rolü: Muğla ili kamu hastaneleri birliğinde görev yapan hemşireler üzerine bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Muğla.
  • İLKHA. (2022). Ağrı’daki siyasiler kentte faaliyet gösteren tekstil firmalarının kapatılmaması için çağrıda bulundu. İlkha. https://ilkha.com/ekonomi/agri-daki-siyasiler-kentte-faaliyet-gosteren-tekstil-firmalarinin-kapatilmamasi-icin-cagrida-bulundu-196013 (Erişim Tarihi: 26.07.2022)
  • Jiang, J. J., & Klein, G. (1999). Supervisor support and career anchor impact on the career satisfaction of the entry-level information systems professional. Journal of Management Information Systems, 16(3), 219-240.
  • Jiang, K., Liu, D., McKay, P. F., Lee, T. W., & Mitchell, T. R. (2012). When and how is job embeddedness predictive of turnover? A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(5), 1077-1096.
  • Kalliath, P., Kalliath, T., Chan, X. W., & Chan, C. (2020). Enhancing job satisfaction through work–family enrichment and perceived supervisor support: The case of Australian social workers. Personnel Review, 49(9), 2055-2072.
  • Kalshoven, K., Den Hartog, D. N., & De Hoogh, A. H. (2013). Ethical leadership and follower helping and courtesy: Moral awareness and empathic concern as moderators. Applied Psychology, 62(2), 211-235.
  • Kanten, P. (2014). İşyeri nezaketsizliğinin sosyal kaytarma davranışı ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde duygusal tükenmenin aracılık rolü. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 11-26.
  • Karasek, R. A., Triantis, K. P., & Chaudhry, S. S. (1982). Coworker and supervisor support as moderators of associations between task characteristics and mental strain. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 3(2), 181-200.
  • Karatepe, O. M. (2011). Customer aggression, emotional exhaustion, and hotel employee outcomes: A study in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28(3), 279-295.
  • Karatepe, O. M. (2012). The effects of coworker and perceived organizational support on hotel employee outcomes: The moderating role of job embeddedness. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 36(4), 495-516.
  • Karatepe, O. M. (2014). The importance of supervisor support for effective hotel employees: An empirical investigation in Cameroon. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 55(4), 388-397. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965513511147
  • Karatepe, O. M. (2016). Does job embeddedness mediate the effects of coworker and family support on creative performance? An empirical study in the hotel industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 15, 119-132.
  • Kautsar, A. P., Widianto, S., & Duhita, G. H. (2015). The hospital pharmacists’ role: Influence of job embeddedness on job performance and job satisfaction through mediator’s job involvement. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 34(2), 265-272.
  • Kaya, H. (2016). Bayezid sancağı örneğinde Osmanlı idari yapısında yurtluk-ocaklık sistemi. Current Research in Social Sciences, 2(1), 17–26.
  • Kazdal, M. (2022). XVIII. yüzyılın ilk yarısında yurtluk-ocaklık sistemi: Çıldır beylerbeyiliği örneği. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 22, 308–324.
  • Kesen, M., & Akyüz, B. (2016). Duygusal emek ve prososyal motivasyonun işe gömülmüşlüğe etkisi: Sağlık çalışanları üzerine bir uygulama. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(2), 233-250.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3. baskı). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Kottke, J. L., & Sharafinski, C. E. (1988). Measuring perceived supervisory and organizational support. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48(4), 1075–1079. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164488484024
  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
  • Kula, S. (2011). Occupational stress and work-related wellbeing of Turkish National Police (TNP) members (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Central Florida, Orlando.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Selections in stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing.
  • Lee, T. W., & Mitchell, T. R. (1994). An alternative approach: The unfolding model of voluntary employee turnover. Academy of Management Review, 19(1), 51-89.
  • Lee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., Sablynski, C. J., Burton, J. P., & Holtom, B. C. (2004). The effects of job embeddedness on organizational citizenship, job performance, volitional absences, and voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 47(5), 711-722.
  • Leiter, M. (2013). Analyzing and theorizing the dynamics of the workplace incivility crisis. Springer.
  • Lewin, K. (1947). Group decision and social change. Readings in Social Psychology, 3(1), 197–211.
  • Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science: Selected theoretical papers (Edited by Dorwin Cartwright). Harpers.
  • Liden, R. C., & Maslyn, J. M. (1998). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. Journal of Management, 24(1), 43-72.
  • Lim, S., Cortina, L. M., & Magley, V. J. (2008). Personal and workgroup incivility: Impact on work and health outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 95-107.
  • Lloyd, C., King, R., & Chenoweth, L. (2002). Social work, stress and burnout: A review. Journal of Mental Health, 11(3), 255-265.
  • Locke, E. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297-1349). Chicago: Rand McNally.
  • Mackinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(1), 99-128.
  • Malik, A., Shahwar, M., Amin, M., & Shahid, M. N. (2023). The mediating role of work engagement on the relationship between job security, organizational justice, job embeddedness and turnover intention of Pakistan's textile industry. Current Trends in Law and Society, 3(1), 12-31.
  • Marchiondo, L. A., Cortina, L. M., & Kabat‐Farr, D. (2018). Attributions and appraisals of workplace incivility: Finding light on the dark side?. Applied Psychology, 67(3), 369-400.
  • Martadiani, A. A. M., Pulawan, I. M., & Nitiwidari, D. A. (2022). Role of job satisfaction, work-life balance and job embeddedness on turnover intention nurse in Denpasar. EPRA International Journal of Economic and Business Review (JEBR), 10(10), 35-45.
  • Martin, R. J., & Hine, D. W. (2005). Development and validation of the uncivil workplace behavior questionnaire. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 477-490.
  • Martinko, M. J., Harvey, P., & Douglas, S. C. (2007). The role, function, and contribution of attribution theory to leadership: A review. The Leadership Quarterly, 18, 561–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.09.004
  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396.
  • Matsunaga, M. (2011). Underlying circuits of social support for bullied victims: An appraisal-based perspective on supportive communication and postbullying adjustment. Human Communication Research, 37, 174–206.
  • Matthews, R. A., Bulger, C. A., & Barnes-Farrell, J. L. (2010). Work social supports, role stressors, and work–family conflict: The moderating effect of age. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(1), 78-90.
  • Meier, L. L., & Gross, S. (2015). Episodes of incivility between subordinates and supervisors: Examining the role of self‐control and time with an interaction‐record diary study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(8), 1096-1113.
  • Meredith, O. M. (2022). The role of perceived organizational support and on the job embeddedness on employee turnover intention (Doctoral dissertation). The University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
  • Miller, D. T. (2001). Disrespect and the experience of injustice. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 527–553.
  • Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C., Lee, T. W., Sablynski, C. J., & Erez, M. (2001). Why people stay: Using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44(6), 1102-1121.
  • Moskowitz, J. T., Folkman, S., & Acree, M. (2003). Do positive psychological states shed light on recovery from bereavement? Findings from a 3-year longitudinal study. Death Studies, 27(6), 471–500.
  • Mujtaba, B. G., & Senathip, T. (2020). Workplace mobbing and the role of human resources management. Business Ethics and Leadership, 4(1), 17–34.
  • Mujtaba, B. G., Cavico, F. J., & Senathip, T. (2020). Strategies for personal, organizational and professional leadership success. Scientific Journal of Research & Reviews, 2(3), 1–10.
  • Mullins, L. J. (2002). Management and organizational behavior (6th ed.). Prentice Hall.
  • Muse, L. A., & Pichler, S. (2011). A comparison of types of support for lower-skill workers: Evidence for the importance of family supportive supervisors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(3), 653-666.
  • Nalband, N. A., & Otaibi, S. A. (2022). Job embeddedness or work engagement: A catalyst for job satisfaction?. Pacific Business Review (International), 15(5), 93-103.
  • Ng, T. W., & Feldman, D. C. (2011). Locus of control and organizational embeddedness. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 84(1), 173-190. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317910X494197
  • Nguyen, V. Q. (2010). Organizational, job, and supervisory antecedents and consequence of job embeddedness: The case of Vietnam (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Mississippi State University, Mississippi.
  • Nguyen, V. Q., Taylor, G. S., & Bergiel, E. (2017). Organizational antecedents of job embeddedness. Management Research Review, 40(11), 1216-1235.
  • Nicholson, T., & Griffin, B. (2017). Thank goodness it’s Friday: Weekly pattern of workplace incivility. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 30(1), 1-14.
  • O’Fallon, M., & Butterfield, K. (2012). The influence of unethical peer behavior on observers’ unethical behavior: A social cognitive perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 109, 117-131.
  • Ohly, S., & Fritz, C. (2010). Work characteristics, challenge appraisal, creativity, and proactive behavior: A multi-level study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 543–565.
  • Oshagbemi, T. (2000). Satisfaction with co-workers’ behaviors. Employee Relations, 22(2), 88-106.
  • Parvin, M. M., & Kabir, M. N. (2011). Factors affecting employee job satisfaction of pharmaceutical sector. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(9), 113-123.
  • Pearson, C. M., Andersson, L. M., & Porath, C. L. (2000). Assessing and attacking workplace incivility. Organizational Dynamics, 29(2), 123-137.
  • Perrewe, P. L., & Carlson, D. S. (2002). Do men and women benefit from social support equally? Results from a field examination within the work and family context. In D. L. Nelson & D. S. Burke (Eds.), Gender, work, stress and health: Current research issues (pp. 101-123). American Psychological Association.
  • Pillemer, D. (2003). Directive functions of autobiographical memory: The guiding power of the specific episode. Memory, 11(2), 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/741938208
  • Porath, C. L., & Pearson, C. M. (2012). Emotional and behavioral responses to workplace incivility and the impact of hierarchical status. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(1), 326-357.
  • Potgieter, I. L., & Ferreira, N. (2018). Female human resource professionals’ job embeddedness in relation to commitment foci: An exploratory study. Acta Commercii, 18(1), 1-8.
  • Preacher, K. J., & Kelley, K. (2011). Effect size measures for mediation models: Quantitative strategies for communicating indirect effects. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 93-115.
  • Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185-227.
  • Psailla, G., & Roland, W. (Eds.). (2007). E-commerce and web technologies: 8th international conference, EC-Web 2007, Regensburg, Germany, September 3-7, 2007, proceedings (Vol. 4655). Springer.
  • Ramayah, T., Lee, J. W. C., & In, J. B. C. (2011). Network collaboration and performance in the tourism sector. Service Business, 5(4), 411-428.
  • Ramesh, A., & Gelfand, M. J. (2010). Will they stay or will they go? The role of job embeddedness in predicting turnover in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(5), 807-823.
  • Ramlall, S. (2004). A review of employee motivation theories and their implications for employee retention within organizations. Journal of American Academy of Business, 5(1/2), 52-63.
  • Rathi, N., & Lee, K. (2017). Understanding the role of supervisor support in retaining employees and enhancing their satisfaction with life. Personnel Review, 46(8), 1605-1619. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2015-0287
  • Raykov, T. (2004). Behavioral scale reliability and measurement invariance evaluation using latent variable modeling. Behavior Therapy, 35(2), 299-331.
  • Reich, T. C., & Hershcovis, M. S. (2015). Observing workplace incivility. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 203-215.
  • Reio Jr, T. G., & Ghosh, R. (2009). Antecedents and outcomes of workplace incivility: Implications for human resource development research and practice. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 20(3), 237-264.
  • Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698-714.
  • Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 825-836.
  • Robbins, S., & Judge, T. (2017). Örgütsel davranış (İ. Erdem, Çev.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik.
  • Robinson, R. N., Kralj, A., Solnet, D. J., Goh, E., & Callan, V. (2014). Thinking job embeddedness not turnover: Towards a better understanding of frontline hotel worker retention. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 101-109.
  • Sari, N. R., & Anjaningrum, W. D. (2023). Can the affective commitment and job satisfaction mediate the impact of job embeddedness on turnover intention?. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 23(1), 47-54.
  • Schad, E., Torkelson, E., Bäckström, M., & Karlson, B. (2014). Introducing a Swedish translation of the workplace incivility scale. Lund Psychological Reports, 14(1), 1-15.
  • Schaefer, J. A., & Moos, R. H. (1992). Life crises and personal growth. In B. N. Carpenter (Ed.), Personal coping: Theory, research, and application (pp. 149–170). Praeger.
  • Schaefer, J. A., & Moos, R. H. (1998). The context for posttraumatic growth: Life crises, individual and social resources, and coping. In R. G. Tedeschi, C. L. Park, & L. G. Calhoun (Eds.), Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis (pp. 99–126). Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Seyrek, E. (2023). Türkiye’de işe gömülmüşlük üzerine yapılan araştırmaların içerik analizi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (32), 186-208.
  • Shaikh, S. H., Shaikh, H., & Shaikh, S. (2019). The impact of job dissatisfaction on extrinsic factors and employee performance in textile industries. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 9(6), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.06.2019.P9003
  • Shanock, L. R., & Eisenberger, R. (2006). When supervisors feel supported: Relationships with subordinates' perceived supervisor support, perceived organizational support, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 689–695.
  • Shehawy, Y. M., Elbaz, A., & Agag, G. M. (2018). Factors affecting employees’ job embeddedness in the Egyptian airline industry. Tourism Review, 73(4), 548-571. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2018-0036
  • Singh, B., Shaffer, M. A., & Selvarajan, T. T. (2018). Antecedents of organizational and community embeddedness: The roles of support, psychological safety, and need to belong. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(3), 339-354.
  • Snyder, C. R., Shorey, H. S., Cheavens, J., Pulvers, K. M., Adams, V. H., III, & Wiklund, C. (2002). Hope and academic success in college. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(4), 820-826.
  • Son, S. Y., & Choi, J. S. (2015). Effect of job embeddedness and job satisfaction on turnover intention in nurses. Korean Journal of Adult Nursing, 27(2), 180-187. https://doi.org/10.7469/kjan.2015.27.2.180
  • Spector, P. E. (1985). Measurement of human service staff satisfaction: Development of the job satisfaction survey. American Journal of Community Psychology, 13(6), 693-713. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00929796
  • Spence Laschinger, H. K., Leiter, M. P., Day, A., Gilin-Oore, D., & Mackinnon, S. P. (2012). Building empowering work environments that foster civility and organizational trust: Testing an intervention. Nursing Research, 61(5), 316–325.
  • Spitzer, D. (1986). Five keys to successful training. Training, 23(6), 37-39.
  • Stein, N., Folkman, S., Trabasso, T., & Richards, T. A. (1997). Appraisal and goal processes as predictors of psychological well-being in bereaved caregivers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(4), 872–884.
  • Stewart, J. L., & Wiener, K. K. K. (2021). Does supervisor gender moderate the mediation of job embeddedness between LMX and job satisfaction?. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 36(4), 536-552.
  • Tabak, F., & Hendy, N. T. (2016). Work engagement: Trust as a mediator of the impact of organizational job embeddedness and perceived organizational support. Organization Management Journal, 13(1), 21-31.
  • Taştan, S. B. (2014). İşyeri nezaketsizliğini öngören örgütsel ve durumsal önceller ile çalışanların davranışsal sonuçları arasındaki ilişkinin ve sosyo-psikolojik kaynakların rolünün incelenmesi: Sağlık kurumlarında yapılan bir araştırma. ISGUC The Journal of Industrial Relations and Human Resources, 16(3), 60-75.
  • Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutum ölçümü ve SPSS ile veri analizi (5. baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Thakur, S. J., & Bhatnagar, J. (2017). Mediator analysis of job embeddedness: Relationship between work-life balance practices and turnover intentions. Employee Relations, 39(5), 718-731. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2016-0223
  • Tomaka, J., Blascovich, J., Kelsey, R. M., & Leitten, C. L. (1993). Subjective, physiological, and behavioral effects of threat and challenge appraisal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 248–260.
  • Trudel, J., & Reio, T. G., Jr. (2011). Managing workplace incivility: The role of conflict management styles—Antecedent or antidote? Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22, 395–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20081
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TÜİK]. (2023a). Gelir dağılımı istatistikleri, 2022. https://l24.im/iau (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2023)
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [TÜİK]. (2023b). Yoksulluk ve yaşam koşulları istatistikleri, 2022. https://l24.im/vrxaqu (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2023)
  • Türkiye İş Kurumu [İŞKUR]. (2023). İşgücü piyasası araştırması Ağrı ili 2022 yılı sonuç raporu. İŞKUR. https://media.iskur.gov.tr/66860/agri.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2023)
  • Van Dyk, J., Coetzee, M., & Takawira, N. (2013). Satisfaction with retention factors as predictors of the job embeddedness of medical and information technology services staff. Southern African Business Review, 17(1), 57–75.
  • Vangelisti, A. L., & Young, S. L. (2000). When words hurt: The effects of perceived intentionality on interpersonal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17, 393–424. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407500173005
  • Wang, C. J. (2023). Influence of social identity on service sabotage in hospitality organizations: Cross-level roles of job embeddedness, organizational identification and supervisor support. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2022-1622
  • Wheeler, A. R., Harris, K. J., & Harvey, P. (2010). Moderating and mediating the HRM effectiveness—intent to turnover relationship: The roles of supervisors and job embeddedness. Journal of Managerial Issues, 22(2), 182-196.
  • Wheeler, A. R., Harris, K. J., & Sablynski, C. J. (2012). How do employees invest abundant resources? The mediating role of work effort in the job‐embeddedness/job‐performance relationship. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42, E244-E266.
  • Winarto, Y., & Chalidyanto, D. (2020). Perceived supervisor support and employee job satisfaction in private hospital. Eurasian Journal of Biosciences, 14(2), 2793-2797.
  • Yıldız, S. (2019, Haziran 13). Ağrı'nın kaderi Tekstilkent ile değişecek. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/agrinin-kaderi-tekstilkent-ile-degisecek/1503009 (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2023)
  • Yoon, J., & Lim, J. C. (1999). Organizational support in the workplace: The case of Korean hospital employees. Human Relations, 52(7), 923-945.
  • Yu, J., Ariza-Montes, A., Giorgi, G., Lee, A., & Han, H. (2020). Sustainable relationship development between hotel company and its employees: Linking job embeddedness, job satisfaction, self-efficacy, job performance, work engagement, and turnover. Sustainability, 12(17), 7168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177168
  • Zhang, L., Fan, C., Deng, Y., Lam, C. F., Hu, E., & Wang, L. (2019). Exploring the interpersonal determinants of job embeddedness and voluntary turnover: A conservation of resources perspective. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(3), 413-432.
  • Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197-206. https://doi.org/10.1086/651257
There are 191 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Emre Seyrek 0000-0002-6561-8739

Nurdan Gürkan 0000-0002-2220-769X

Early Pub Date January 19, 2025
Publication Date January 21, 2025
Submission Date September 16, 2024
Acceptance Date November 24, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025Volume: 26 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Seyrek, E., & Gürkan, N. (2025). Algılanan Yönetici Desteğinin İş Tatmini İle İlişkisinde İşe Gömülmüşlüğün Aracı, İşyeri Nezaketsizliğinin Düzenleyici Rolü. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(1), 119-142. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1551071
 Download Cover Image

Cumhuriyet University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).