Abstract
This study examined the search of housing and workplace in terrorist crimes within the framework of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The study aims to minimize the human rights violations that may occur during housing and workplace searches. The method of the study is the application of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights to housing and workplace searches. Methodologically, the introduction part of the study reviewed the human rights violations that may occur in search operations or practices in the context of terrorist crimes. In the development section of the study, the way the European Court of Human Rights evaluates cases related to housing and workplace searches and the criteria that it applies were determined. Later, it was examined together with the Criminal Procedure Code No. 5271 examined by the European Court of Human Rights on housing and workplace searches. Then, the decisions of European Court of Human Rights related to relatively old-dated cases in Türkiye were examined and criticisms were provided against the European Court of Human Rights. In the conclusion section of the study, recommendations have been provided on how housing and workplace searches should be conducted in the context of human rights, in line with the data obtained from the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.
Keywords
Housing and Workplace Search Case law of the European Court of Human Rights Compliance with the Law Legitimate Purpose Necessity in a Democratic Society
References
- Centel, N and Zafer, H. (2012). Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku. Beta Yayınevi.
- CMK (2024). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.5271.pdf, accessed 12 March 2024.
- Çağlar, D. D. (2011). Ceza Muhakemesinde Adli Arama. TBB Dergisi, (92), 157-180.
- Çöpoğlu, H. S. (2019). Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunda Arama Koruma Tedbirinde Belirlilik İlkesi. Ankara Barosu Dergisi, (1), 155-229. https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.556954
- Doğan, D. Ç. (2011). Ceza Muhakemesinde Adli Arama. TBB Dergisi, (92), 157-180.
- Dost, S. (2018). Uluslararası Hukukta Orantılılık İlkesi. Uyuşmazlık Mahkemesi Dergisi, (12), 361-399.
- ECtHR, Adırbelli and the Others v Turkey App no 20775/03 (2 December 2008) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22ad%C4%B1rbelli%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Ayetullah Ay v Turkey App nos 29084/07 and 1191/08 (27 October 2020) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22tabview%22:[%22document%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-210356%22]}.
- ECtHR, Buck v Germany App No 41604/98 (28 April 2005) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2241604/98%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-68920%22]}.
- ECtHR, Budak v Turkey App no 69762/12 (16 February 2021) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22tabview%22:[%22document%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-211627%22]}.
- ECtHR, Bykoy v Russia App no 4378/02 (10 March 2009) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%224378/02%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-91704%22]}.
- ECtHR, Carmel Saliba v Malta App no 24221/13 (29 November 2016) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2224221/13%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-169057%22]}.
- ECtHR, Delta Pekarny A. S. c Republique Tcheque App no 97/11 (2 Octobre 2014) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2297/11%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-147075%22]}.
- ECtHR, Fındık v Turkey and Kartal v Turkey App nos 33898/11 and 35798/11 (9 October 2012) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22f%C4%B1nd%C4%B1k%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, H. E. v Turkey App no 30498/96 (22 December 2005) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22appno%22:[%2230498/96%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-121558%22]}.
- ECtHR, Jalloh v Germany App no 54810/00 (11 July 2006) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2254810/00%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-76307%22]}.
- ECtHR, Korkmaz and Others v Turkey App no 35979/97 (21 March 2006) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22KORKMAZ%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Lisica v Croatia App no 20100/06 (25 February 2010) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2220100/06%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-97213%22]}.
- ECtHR, Mahfuz Talu v Turkey App no 2118/10 (4 December 2012) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22talu%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Moreira Ferreira v Portugal App no 19867/12 (11 July 2017) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2219867/12%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-175646%22]}.
- ECtHR, Nebahat Tüzer and Muhammet Sait Tüzer v Turkey App no 22519/06 (17 December 2013) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22t%C3%BCzer%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Niemietz v Germany App no 13710/88 (16 December 1992) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57887%22]}.
- ECtHR, Oner and Others v Turkey App no 64684/01 (25 October 2005) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22%C3%B6ner%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Oral and Atabay v Turkey App no 39686/02 (23 June 2009) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22oral%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Ozçelik v Turkey App no 56497/00 (20 February 2007) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22%C3%B6z%C3%A7elik%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Paradiso and Campanelli v Italy App no 25358/12 (24 January 2017) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2225358/12%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-170359%22]}.
- ECtHR, Pehlivan v Turkey App no 4233/03 (9 December 2008) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22pehlivan%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Robathin v Austria App no 30457/06 (3 July 2012) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2230457/06%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-111890%22]}.
- ECtHR, Sher and Others v The United Kingdom App no 5201/11 (20 October 2015) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22tabview%22:[%22document%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-162505%22]}.
- ECtHR, Varga c Roumanie App no 73957/01 (1 Avril 2008) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2273957/01%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-85643%22]}.
- ECtHR, Yeşil v Turkey App no 28349/11 (19 October 2021) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22tabview%22:[%22document%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-215089%22]}.
- ECtHR, Zhang v Ukraine App no 6970/15 (13 November 2018) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%226970/15%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-187602%22]}.
- Erdoğan, M. (2002). İnsan Hakları Teorisi ve Hukuku. Orion Yayınevi.
- Frias, A. S. (2013). Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi İçtihadında Terörle Mücadele ve İnsan Hakları. Kamu Düzeni ve Güvenliği Yayınları.
- Kaya, B. (2022). İnsan Haklarının Korunması Bağlamında Avrupa Konseyi Terörizmin Önlenmesi Sözleşmesinin Değerlendirilmesi. Dicle Üniversitesi.
- Kiziroğlu, S. K. (2009). 5271 Sayılı Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nda Basit Arama (Adli Arama). Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 58(1), 139-168. https://doi.org/10.1501/Hukfak_0000001566
- Kocaoğlu, S. S. (2012). Üst ve Büro Araması, Postada El Koyma, İletişimin Denetlenmesi Gibi Çeşitli Koruma Tedbirlerinin Pasif Öznesi Olarak Kuram ve Uygulamada Avukatın Bağımsızlığı. Ankara Barosu Dergisi, (1), 43-69.
- Kunter, N., Yenisey, F. and Nuhoğlu A. (2006). Muhakeme Hukuku Dalı Olarak Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku. Beta Yayınevi.
- Özbek, V. Ö. (2005). Yeni Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununun Anlamı (Gerekçeli-İçtihatlı). Seçkin Yayınevi.
- Özbudun, E. (2011). Türk Anayasa Hukuku. Yetkin Yayınları.
- Özel, K. C. (2019). Bir Koruma Tedbiri Olarak Arama. D.E.Ü. Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(Özel Sayı), 1217-1266.
- Seyyidoğlu, M. S. (2021). Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunda Arama ve El Koyma. İnsan ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 11-32. https://doi.org/10.53048/johass.855801
- Şahin, E. (2015). Sayısal Delilin Ortaya Çıkarılması Kapsamında Koruma Tedbirleri. International Journal of Legal Progress, 1(2), 88-106. https://doi.org/10.20978/ijlp.80518
- Türk Dil Kurumu (2024). Güncel Türkçe Sözlük, https://sozluk.gov.tr/
- Türk Dil Kurumu (2025). Güncel Türkçe Sözlük, https://sozluk.gov.tr/
- Uslu, F. (2007). Ceza Yargılaması Hukukunda Koruma Önlemi Olarak Konutta Arama. İstanbul Barosu Dergisi, (Özel Sayı), 47-61.
- Ünver, Y. and Hakeri, H. (2012). Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku. Adalet Yayınevi.
- Yılmaz, Y. (2016). Bir Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku İşlemi Olarak Adli Arama. TBB Dergisi, (124), 247-304.
Abstract
Bu çalışmada terör suçlarında konut ve işyeri araması Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi içtihatları çerçevesinde irdelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı konut ve işyeri aramalarında oluşabilecek insan hakları ihlallerini en aza indirgeyebilmektir. Çalışmanın yöntemi ise Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi içtihatlarının konut ve işyeri aramalarına uygulanmasından ibarettir. Metodolojik olarak çalışmanın giriş bölümünde terör suçları bağlamında arama işlemleri veya uygulamaları üzerine oluşabilecek insan hakları ihlallerine değinilmiştir. Çalışmanın gelişme bölümünde Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi’nin konut ve işyeri aramasına ilişkin vakaları değerlendirme şekli ve ortaya koyduğu ölçütler tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra konut ve işyeri aramasına ilişkin tespit edilen kriterler, 5271 sayılı Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’yla birlikte irdelenmiştir. Ardından Türkiye’ye ait nispeten eski tarihli davalara ilişkin kararlar irdelenerek Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi’ne yönelik eleştirilerde bulunulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde ise Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi içtihatlarından elde edilen verilerle insan hakları bağlamında konut ve işyeri aramasının nasıl yapılması gerektiğine ilişkin öneride bulunulmuştur.
Keywords
Konut ve İşyeri Araması Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi İçtihatları Kanuna Uygun Olma Meşru Amaç Demokratik Toplumda Gereklilik
References
- Centel, N and Zafer, H. (2012). Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku. Beta Yayınevi.
- CMK (2024). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.5271.pdf, accessed 12 March 2024.
- Çağlar, D. D. (2011). Ceza Muhakemesinde Adli Arama. TBB Dergisi, (92), 157-180.
- Çöpoğlu, H. S. (2019). Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunda Arama Koruma Tedbirinde Belirlilik İlkesi. Ankara Barosu Dergisi, (1), 155-229. https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.556954
- Doğan, D. Ç. (2011). Ceza Muhakemesinde Adli Arama. TBB Dergisi, (92), 157-180.
- Dost, S. (2018). Uluslararası Hukukta Orantılılık İlkesi. Uyuşmazlık Mahkemesi Dergisi, (12), 361-399.
- ECtHR, Adırbelli and the Others v Turkey App no 20775/03 (2 December 2008) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22ad%C4%B1rbelli%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Ayetullah Ay v Turkey App nos 29084/07 and 1191/08 (27 October 2020) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22tabview%22:[%22document%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-210356%22]}.
- ECtHR, Buck v Germany App No 41604/98 (28 April 2005) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2241604/98%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-68920%22]}.
- ECtHR, Budak v Turkey App no 69762/12 (16 February 2021) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22tabview%22:[%22document%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-211627%22]}.
- ECtHR, Bykoy v Russia App no 4378/02 (10 March 2009) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%224378/02%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-91704%22]}.
- ECtHR, Carmel Saliba v Malta App no 24221/13 (29 November 2016) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2224221/13%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-169057%22]}.
- ECtHR, Delta Pekarny A. S. c Republique Tcheque App no 97/11 (2 Octobre 2014) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2297/11%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-147075%22]}.
- ECtHR, Fındık v Turkey and Kartal v Turkey App nos 33898/11 and 35798/11 (9 October 2012) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22f%C4%B1nd%C4%B1k%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, H. E. v Turkey App no 30498/96 (22 December 2005) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22appno%22:[%2230498/96%22],%22documentcollectionid2%22:[%22CHAMBER%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-121558%22]}.
- ECtHR, Jalloh v Germany App no 54810/00 (11 July 2006) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2254810/00%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-76307%22]}.
- ECtHR, Korkmaz and Others v Turkey App no 35979/97 (21 March 2006) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22KORKMAZ%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Lisica v Croatia App no 20100/06 (25 February 2010) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2220100/06%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-97213%22]}.
- ECtHR, Mahfuz Talu v Turkey App no 2118/10 (4 December 2012) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22talu%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Moreira Ferreira v Portugal App no 19867/12 (11 July 2017) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2219867/12%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-175646%22]}.
- ECtHR, Nebahat Tüzer and Muhammet Sait Tüzer v Turkey App no 22519/06 (17 December 2013) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22t%C3%BCzer%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Niemietz v Germany App no 13710/88 (16 December 1992) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-57887%22]}.
- ECtHR, Oner and Others v Turkey App no 64684/01 (25 October 2005) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22%C3%B6ner%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Oral and Atabay v Turkey App no 39686/02 (23 June 2009) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22oral%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Ozçelik v Turkey App no 56497/00 (20 February 2007) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22%C3%B6z%C3%A7elik%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Paradiso and Campanelli v Italy App no 25358/12 (24 January 2017) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2225358/12%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-170359%22]}.
- ECtHR, Pehlivan v Turkey App no 4233/03 (9 December 2008) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22fulltext%22:[%22pehlivan%22],%22languageisocode%22:[%22TUR%22],%22respondent%22:[%22TUR%22]}.
- ECtHR, Robathin v Austria App no 30457/06 (3 July 2012) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2230457/06%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-111890%22]}.
- ECtHR, Sher and Others v The United Kingdom App no 5201/11 (20 October 2015) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22tabview%22:[%22document%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-162505%22]}.
- ECtHR, Varga c Roumanie App no 73957/01 (1 Avril 2008) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%2273957/01%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-85643%22]}.
- ECtHR, Yeşil v Turkey App no 28349/11 (19 October 2021) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/tur#{%22tabview%22:[%22document%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-215089%22]}.
- ECtHR, Zhang v Ukraine App no 6970/15 (13 November 2018) https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22appno%22:[%226970/15%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-187602%22]}.
- Erdoğan, M. (2002). İnsan Hakları Teorisi ve Hukuku. Orion Yayınevi.
- Frias, A. S. (2013). Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi İçtihadında Terörle Mücadele ve İnsan Hakları. Kamu Düzeni ve Güvenliği Yayınları.
- Kaya, B. (2022). İnsan Haklarının Korunması Bağlamında Avrupa Konseyi Terörizmin Önlenmesi Sözleşmesinin Değerlendirilmesi. Dicle Üniversitesi.
- Kiziroğlu, S. K. (2009). 5271 Sayılı Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu’nda Basit Arama (Adli Arama). Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 58(1), 139-168. https://doi.org/10.1501/Hukfak_0000001566
- Kocaoğlu, S. S. (2012). Üst ve Büro Araması, Postada El Koyma, İletişimin Denetlenmesi Gibi Çeşitli Koruma Tedbirlerinin Pasif Öznesi Olarak Kuram ve Uygulamada Avukatın Bağımsızlığı. Ankara Barosu Dergisi, (1), 43-69.
- Kunter, N., Yenisey, F. and Nuhoğlu A. (2006). Muhakeme Hukuku Dalı Olarak Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku. Beta Yayınevi.
- Özbek, V. Ö. (2005). Yeni Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununun Anlamı (Gerekçeli-İçtihatlı). Seçkin Yayınevi.
- Özbudun, E. (2011). Türk Anayasa Hukuku. Yetkin Yayınları.
- Özel, K. C. (2019). Bir Koruma Tedbiri Olarak Arama. D.E.Ü. Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(Özel Sayı), 1217-1266.
- Seyyidoğlu, M. S. (2021). Ceza Muhakemesi Hukukunda Arama ve El Koyma. İnsan ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 11-32. https://doi.org/10.53048/johass.855801
- Şahin, E. (2015). Sayısal Delilin Ortaya Çıkarılması Kapsamında Koruma Tedbirleri. International Journal of Legal Progress, 1(2), 88-106. https://doi.org/10.20978/ijlp.80518
- Türk Dil Kurumu (2024). Güncel Türkçe Sözlük, https://sozluk.gov.tr/
- Türk Dil Kurumu (2025). Güncel Türkçe Sözlük, https://sozluk.gov.tr/
- Uslu, F. (2007). Ceza Yargılaması Hukukunda Koruma Önlemi Olarak Konutta Arama. İstanbul Barosu Dergisi, (Özel Sayı), 47-61.
- Ünver, Y. and Hakeri, H. (2012). Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku. Adalet Yayınevi.
- Yılmaz, Y. (2016). Bir Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku İşlemi Olarak Adli Arama. TBB Dergisi, (124), 247-304.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Policy and Administration (Other) |
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | January 9, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | April 28, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025Volume: 26 Issue: 2 |
Cumhuriyet University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).