Research Article

CONVERGENCE DYNAMICS OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CLUB CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS

Volume: 27 Number: 4 October 30, 2026
TR EN

CONVERGENCE DYNAMICS OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CLUB CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS

Abstract

Public health expenditures, which constitute an important component of government spending, hold a significant place in the literature due to their effects on economic growth and human capital. It is widely accepted that health expenditures contribute to long-term growth by increasing the productivity of society. In this context, whether health expenditures follow a similar path across countries constitutes an important area of research from both theoretical and policy perspectives. This study examines the convergence dynamics of public health expenditures in developing and emerging European economies over the period 2000–2022 by employing club convergence analysis. The aim of the study is to investigate the existence of convergence clubs among countries in terms of the ratio of public health expenditures to gross domestic product in developing and emerging European economies and to develop policy recommendations based on the empirical findings. The club convergence method applied in the study provides a more comprehensive analytical framework compared to traditional convergence analyses by taking into account cross-country heterogeneity and transition dynamics. The findings of the study reveal that the public health expenditures of the countries in question do not follow a single convergence path; instead, two distinct convergence clubs specific to groups of countries have emerged. Accordingly, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Hungary, Moldova, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine are included in the first club, while Albania and Turkey constitute the second club. The results indicate that, in designing policies related to public health expenditures, rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all approach applicable to all countries, it is necessary to implement differentiated policies that take into account the structural characteristics of the convergence clubs to which the countries belong.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

I declare that all processes of the study comply with research and publication ethics, and that I adhere to ethical rules and the principles of proper scientific citation.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Economic Theory (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 30, 2026

Submission Date

May 5, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 12, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 27 Number: 4

APA
Doğan, E. (2026). CONVERGENCE DYNAMICS OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CLUB CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 27(4), 1176-1192. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1944911
AMA
1.Doğan E. CONVERGENCE DYNAMICS OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CLUB CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;27(4):1176-1192. doi:10.37880/cumuiibf.1944911
Chicago
Doğan, Ezgi. 2026. “CONVERGENCE DYNAMICS OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CLUB CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 27 (4): 1176-92. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1944911.
EndNote
Doğan E (October 1, 2026) CONVERGENCE DYNAMICS OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CLUB CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 27 4 1176–1192.
IEEE
[1]E. Doğan, “CONVERGENCE DYNAMICS OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CLUB CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS”, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1176–1192, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.37880/cumuiibf.1944911.
ISNAD
Doğan, Ezgi. “CONVERGENCE DYNAMICS OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CLUB CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 27/4 (October 1, 2026): 1176-1192. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1944911.
JAMA
1.Doğan E. CONVERGENCE DYNAMICS OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CLUB CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 2026;27:1176–1192.
MLA
Doğan, Ezgi. “CONVERGENCE DYNAMICS OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CLUB CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS”. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 4, Oct. 2026, pp. 1176-92, doi:10.37880/cumuiibf.1944911.
Vancouver
1.Ezgi Doğan. CONVERGENCE DYNAMICS OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES IN EMERGING AND DEVELOPING EUROPEAN ECONOMIES: A CLUB CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi. 2026 Oct. 1;27(4):1176-92. doi:10.37880/cumuiibf.1944911

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