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TÜRK SİVİL HAVA TAŞIMACILIĞI ENDÜSTRİSİNİN REKABET GÜCÜNÜN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Year 2023, , 266 - 278, 19.04.2023

Murat Ahmet Doğan , Ebül Muhsin Doğan

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1243612
Cited By: 1
An Erratum to this article was published on January 31, 2024. http://esjournal.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/en/pub/cumuiibf/issue/82908/1413665

Abstract

Küreselleşen dünyada serbestleşme sürecinin etkisiyle sivil hava taşımacılığı endüstrisinde önemli gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Serbestleşme sürecinin havayolu işletmelerinde önemli yapısal dönüşümlere sebep olmasına rağmen, dünyada ve özellikle Türkiye’de bu endüstrinin serbestleşmesinin havayolu taşıyıcılarının rekabet gücü üzerine etkisi halen tam olarak ortaya konulmamıştır. Bu sebeple çalışmada Türk sivil havacılığında yaşanan serbestleşme sürecinin ülke endüstrisinin ve havayolu taşıyıcılarının rekabet güçleri üzerindeki etkisinin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma verileri havayolu işletmelerinin 2012-2021 yılları faaliyet raporlarından ve ülke/bölge hava taşımacılığı ticaret verileri Dünya Ticaret Örgütü’nden (DTÖ) derlenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda veri analizinde elmas modelinden yararlanılmıştır. İlk olarak, bölgeler arasındaki sivil hava taşımacılığı ticaret yapılarının değerlendirilmesinde açıklanmış karşılaştırmalı üstünlükler (RCA) analizi kullanılmıştır. İkinci olarak, toplam faktör verimliliği (TFV) değişiminin hangi alandan olduğunun tespiti için Malmquist endeks analizi tercih edilmiştir. Son olarak da seçilen havayolu işletmelerinin birim maliyet, gelir ve kar verileri kullanılarak rekabet üstünlüğünün birim bazlı tespiti yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları son 10 yıllık dönemde Türk hava taşımacılığı sektöründe toplam faktör verimliliğinin her yıl yaklaşık %10 arttığı ve bu artışın temel kaynağının teknolojik değişim olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, çalışma, Türk sivil hava taşımacılığı endüstrisinin dünya ortalaması, Avrupa Birliği ve BRICS ülkeleri karşısında istikrarlı ve güçlü bir rekabet üstünlüğüne sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Son olarak çalışmada Türkiye’de endüstrinin serbestleşmesinin etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Serbestleşmeden sonra havayolu taşıyıcılarının rekabet gücü olumlu etkilendiği ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

Sivil Havacılık Serbestleşme Rekabet Gücü Balassa Endeksi TFV Malmquist Endeksi

References

  • Acemoglu, D., Laibson, D., & List, J. (2019). Microeconomics (2 ed.). Pearson.
  • Akiş, E., & Çetin, M. (2016). Comparison of Turkish chemical industry with BRIC countries on the basis of revealed comparative advantages. Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics e-Journal(24), 40-59.
  • Akyüz, K. C., Yildirim, İ., Ersen, N., Akyüz, İ., & Memiş, D. (2020). Competitiveness of the forest products industry in Turkey: the revealed comparative advantage index. Drewno: prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty, 62.
  • American. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 05.04.2022 from https://americanairlines.gcs-web.com/sec-filings
  • Assadzadeh, A., Behbudi, D., Miyarkolaie, N. F., & Moghadam, H. M. (2013). A study of the revealed comparative advantage in the textile and clothing industries between Iran and Turkey. International journal of economics and finance studies, 5(2), 95-107.
  • Aydın, A., Byashimov, G., & Yaykaşlı, M. (2014). Karadeniz ülkelerinin rekabet gücü analizi: su ürünleri sektörü örneği. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 8-13.
  • Balassa, B. (1965). Trade liberalisation and “revealed” comparative advantage 1. The manchester school, 33(2), 99-123.
  • Canan, S., & Ceyhan, V. (2016). Total factor productivity change and innovation in farms producing paddy in Bafra District of Samsun, Turkey. Custos e Agronegocıo On Lıne, 12(1), 201-219.
  • Caves, D. W. (1985). The effect of new entry on productivity growth in the US airline industry 1947-1981. Logistics and Transportation Review, 21(4).
  • Caves, D. W., Christensen, L. R., & Diewert, W. E. (1982). The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input, output, and productivity. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1393-1414.
  • Caves, D. W., Christensen, L. R., & Tretheway, M. W. (1983). Productivity performance of US trunk and local servce airlines in the era of deregulation. Economic Inquiry, 21(3), 312-324.
  • Caves, D. W., Christensen, L. R., Tretheway, M. W., & Windle, R. J. (1987). An assessment of the efficiency effects of US airline deregulation via an international comparison. Public regulation: New perspectives on institutions and policies, 285-320.
  • Coelli, T. (1996). A guide to DEAP version 2.1: a data envelopment analysis (computer) program. Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, University of New England, Australia, 96(08), 1-49.
  • Coelli, T. (1998). A multi-stage methodology for the solution of orientated DEA models. Operations Research Letters, 23(3-5), 143-149.
  • Costinot, A., Donaldson, D., & Komunjer, I. (2012). What goods do countries trade? A quantitative exploration of Ricardo's ideas. The Review of economic studies, 79(2), 581-608.
  • Delta. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 05.04.2022 from https://ir.delta.com/financials/default.aspx
  • Demir, N., & Aksoy, A. (2021). Competitive power of Turkey’s aquaculture sector and comparison with other leading countries. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 258-268. DHMİ. https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Sayfalar/FaaliyetRaporlari.aspx
  • DHMİ. (2021). Havayolu Sektör Raporu. Retrieved 10.11.2022 from https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Lists/HavaYoluSektorRaporlari/Attachments/15/2021-Havayolu-Sektor-Raporu.pdf
  • Distexhe, V., & Perelman, S. (1994). Technical efficiency and productivity growth in an era of deregulation: the case of airlines. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 130(4), 669-689.
  • DTÖ. Uluslararası Ticaret Verileri. Retrieved 27.02.2022 from https://stats.wto.org
  • Erkan, B., & Bozduman, E. T. (2019). Analysis of Specialization and Competition Level in Turkey's Tourism Sector. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(38), 1-12.
  • Färe, R., Grifell‐Tatjé, E., Grosskopf, S., & Knox Lovell, C. (1997). Biased technical change and the Malmquist productivity index. Scandinavian journal of Economics, 99(1), 119-127.
  • Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., Norris, M., & Zhang, Z. (1994). Productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change in industrialized countries. The American economic review, 66-83.
  • Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., & Russell, R. R. (1997). Index numbers: essays in honour of Sten Malmquist. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Fethi, M. D. (2000). Efficiency and productivity growth in the European airlines industry: applications of Data Envelopment Analysis, Malmquist Productivity Index and Tobit Analysis. University of Leicester (United Kingdom).
  • Goetz, A. R., & Vowles, T. M. (2009). The good, the bad, and the ugly: 30 years of US airline deregulation. Journal of Transport Geography, 17(4), 251-263.
  • Goswami, B., & Nath, H. K. (2021). India's Revealed Comparative Advantages in Merchandise Trade with Country Groups at Different Levels of Development. Contemporary Economic Policy, 39(2), 377-397.
  • Güneş, S., & Tan, M. (2017). Static and Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage: A Comparative Analysis of Turkey and Russia. İktisadi Yenilik Dergisi, 4(3), 22-38.
  • Halife, H. (2022). Competitiveness Analysis of Textile Industry of Turkey: Revealed Comparative Advantage Approach. International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness, 1-6.
  • IATA. (2022). Endüstri Karlılığı. Retrieved 30.11.2022 from https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/a-return-to-industry-profitability-in-2023/ KLM, A. F. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 05.04.2022 from
  • https://www.airfranceklm.com/en/finance/publications
  • Krugman, P., & Wells, R. (2018). Microeconomics (5 ed.). Worth Publishers.
  • Leromain, E., & Orefice, G. (2014). New revealed comparative advantage index: Dataset and empirical distribution. International Economics, 139, 48-70.
  • Lufthansa. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 03.04.2022 from https://investor-relations.lufthansagroup.com/en/publications.html
  • Mahadevan, R. (2002). A DEA approach to understanding the productivity growth of Malaysia's manufacturing industries. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19(4), 587-600.
  • Malmquist, S. (1953). Index numbers and indifference surfaces. Trabajos de estadística, 4(2), 209-242.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Taylor, M. P., & Ashwin, A. (2020). Microeconomics (5 ed.). Cengage Learning EMEA.
  • Maryam, J., Banday, U. J., & Mittal, A. (2018). Trade intensity and revealed comparative advantage: an analysis of Intra-BRICS trade. International Journal of Emerging Markets.
  • Mizik, T. (2021). Agri-food trade competitiveness: A review of the literature. Sustainability, 13(20), 11235.
  • Moon, H. C., Rugman, A. M., & Verbeke, A. (1998). A generalized double diamond approach to the global competitiveness of Korea and Singapore. International business review, 7(2), 135-150.
  • Pegasus. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 01.03.2022 from
  • https://www.pegasusyatirimciiliskileri.com/tr/operasyonel-ve-finansal-veriler/faaliyet-raporlari
  • Porter, M. E. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations/Michael E. Porter. NY: The Free press. A Division of Macmillan Inc, 855.
  • Reyes, G. U. (2014). Examining the revealed comparative advantage of the ASEAN 6 countries using the Balassa index and Lafay index. Journal of Global Business and Trade, 10(1), 1-11. SHGM. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 25.12.2021 from https://web.shgm.gov.tr/tr/kurumsal/4006-faaliyet-raporlarimiz
  • Singapore. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 05.04.2022 from https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/sg/about-us/information-for-investors/annual-report/
  • Soyyiğit, S., & Yavuzaslan, K. (2020). An Investigation of Turkey’s Competitiveness on Different Products Groups in Automotive Sector via Revealed Comparative Advantage Index. In Eurasian Economic Perspectives (pp. 125-140). Springer.
  • Sönmüş, A., & Aslan, M. H. (2021). Comparative Advantage of Turkish Olive Oil in Global Markets: An Empirical Analysis. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 9(6), 1114-1119.
  • Şahinli, M. (2014). Revealed Comparative advantage and competitiveness: Turkey agriculture sector. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(3), 210-217.
  • THY. Faaliyet Raporları. https://investor.turkishairlines.com/tr/mali-ve-operasyonel-veriler/faaliyet-raporlari
  • Topcu, B. A., & Kılavuz, E. (2012). Revealed comparative advantage and competitiveness of the turkish manufacturing sector in the European market. International journal of economics and finance studies, 4(2), 21-35.
  • Topçu, B. A., & Sarıgül, S. S. (2015). Comparative advantage and the product mapping of exporting sectors in Turkey. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(18), 330-348.
  • Tubadji, A., & Nijkamp, P. (2018). Revisiting the Balassa–Samuelson effect: International tourism and cultural proximity. Tourism Economics, 24(8), 915-944.
  • United. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 05.04.2022 from https://ir.united.com
  • WorldBank. Air Transport, passenger carried. Retrieved 15.02.2022 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.PSGR
  • Yazgan, A. E., & Yiğit, S. (2013). Türk Sivil Havacilik Sektörünün Uluslararasi Rekabetçilik Düzeyinin Analizi. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13(25), 421-445.
  • Yeldan, M., Kesgingöz, H., & Güçlü, U. (2020). Analysis of Turkey's iron-steel industry in the world trade. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 16(4), 854-869.
  • Yıldırım, Ç., Türkten, H., & Ceyhan, V. (2022). Türkiye su ürünleri endüstrisinin rekabet gücünün değerlendirilmesi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39(3), 243-252.

EVALUATION OF THE COMPETITIVENESS POWER OF THE TURKISH CIVIL AIR TRANSPORT INDUSTRY

Year 2023, , 266 - 278, 19.04.2023

Murat Ahmet Doğan , Ebül Muhsin Doğan

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1243612
Cited By: 1
An Erratum to this article was published on January 31, 2024. http://esjournal.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/en/pub/cumuiibf/issue/82908/1413665

Abstract

In the globalizing world, with the effect of the deregulation process, significant developments have been experienced in the civil air transport industry. Even though the deregulation process has caused significant structural transformations in airline companies, the effect of deregulation of this industry on the competitiveness of airline carriers in the world and especially in Turkey has not been fully revealed yet. For this reason, it is aimed to analyze the effect of the deregulation process in Turkish civil aviation on the competitiveness of the country's industry and airline carriers. The research data were compiled from the 2012-2021 annual reports of the airline companies and the country/region air transport trade data from the World Trade Organization (WTO). For this purpose, the diamond model was used in data analysis. First, the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) analysis is used to evaluate the civil air transport trade structures between regions. Secondly, Malmquist index analysis was preferred to determine from which area the change in total factor productivity (TFV) occurred. Finally, a unit-based determination of competitive advantage was made by using unit cost, income, and profit data of selected airlines. The results of the research have determined that the total factor productivity in the Turkish air transport sector has increased by about 10% every year in the last 10 years and the main source of this increase is technological change. In addition, the study showed that the Turkish civil air transport industry has a stable and strong competitive advantage over the world average, European Union, and BRICS countries. Finally, the effect of the deregulation of the industry in Turkey has been determined in the study. After the deregulation, it has been revealed that the competitiveness of air carriers is positively affected.

Keywords

Civil Aviation Deregualtion Competitiveness Power Balassa Index Malmquist Index

References

  • Acemoglu, D., Laibson, D., & List, J. (2019). Microeconomics (2 ed.). Pearson.
  • Akiş, E., & Çetin, M. (2016). Comparison of Turkish chemical industry with BRIC countries on the basis of revealed comparative advantages. Istanbul University Econometrics and Statistics e-Journal(24), 40-59.
  • Akyüz, K. C., Yildirim, İ., Ersen, N., Akyüz, İ., & Memiş, D. (2020). Competitiveness of the forest products industry in Turkey: the revealed comparative advantage index. Drewno: prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty, 62.
  • American. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 05.04.2022 from https://americanairlines.gcs-web.com/sec-filings
  • Assadzadeh, A., Behbudi, D., Miyarkolaie, N. F., & Moghadam, H. M. (2013). A study of the revealed comparative advantage in the textile and clothing industries between Iran and Turkey. International journal of economics and finance studies, 5(2), 95-107.
  • Aydın, A., Byashimov, G., & Yaykaşlı, M. (2014). Karadeniz ülkelerinin rekabet gücü analizi: su ürünleri sektörü örneği. Menba Kastamonu Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 8-13.
  • Balassa, B. (1965). Trade liberalisation and “revealed” comparative advantage 1. The manchester school, 33(2), 99-123.
  • Canan, S., & Ceyhan, V. (2016). Total factor productivity change and innovation in farms producing paddy in Bafra District of Samsun, Turkey. Custos e Agronegocıo On Lıne, 12(1), 201-219.
  • Caves, D. W. (1985). The effect of new entry on productivity growth in the US airline industry 1947-1981. Logistics and Transportation Review, 21(4).
  • Caves, D. W., Christensen, L. R., & Diewert, W. E. (1982). The economic theory of index numbers and the measurement of input, output, and productivity. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1393-1414.
  • Caves, D. W., Christensen, L. R., & Tretheway, M. W. (1983). Productivity performance of US trunk and local servce airlines in the era of deregulation. Economic Inquiry, 21(3), 312-324.
  • Caves, D. W., Christensen, L. R., Tretheway, M. W., & Windle, R. J. (1987). An assessment of the efficiency effects of US airline deregulation via an international comparison. Public regulation: New perspectives on institutions and policies, 285-320.
  • Coelli, T. (1996). A guide to DEAP version 2.1: a data envelopment analysis (computer) program. Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, University of New England, Australia, 96(08), 1-49.
  • Coelli, T. (1998). A multi-stage methodology for the solution of orientated DEA models. Operations Research Letters, 23(3-5), 143-149.
  • Costinot, A., Donaldson, D., & Komunjer, I. (2012). What goods do countries trade? A quantitative exploration of Ricardo's ideas. The Review of economic studies, 79(2), 581-608.
  • Delta. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 05.04.2022 from https://ir.delta.com/financials/default.aspx
  • Demir, N., & Aksoy, A. (2021). Competitive power of Turkey’s aquaculture sector and comparison with other leading countries. Marine Science and Technology Bulletin, 258-268. DHMİ. https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Sayfalar/FaaliyetRaporlari.aspx
  • DHMİ. (2021). Havayolu Sektör Raporu. Retrieved 10.11.2022 from https://www.dhmi.gov.tr/Lists/HavaYoluSektorRaporlari/Attachments/15/2021-Havayolu-Sektor-Raporu.pdf
  • Distexhe, V., & Perelman, S. (1994). Technical efficiency and productivity growth in an era of deregulation: the case of airlines. Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, 130(4), 669-689.
  • DTÖ. Uluslararası Ticaret Verileri. Retrieved 27.02.2022 from https://stats.wto.org
  • Erkan, B., & Bozduman, E. T. (2019). Analysis of Specialization and Competition Level in Turkey's Tourism Sector. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(38), 1-12.
  • Färe, R., Grifell‐Tatjé, E., Grosskopf, S., & Knox Lovell, C. (1997). Biased technical change and the Malmquist productivity index. Scandinavian journal of Economics, 99(1), 119-127.
  • Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., Norris, M., & Zhang, Z. (1994). Productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change in industrialized countries. The American economic review, 66-83.
  • Färe, R., Grosskopf, S., & Russell, R. R. (1997). Index numbers: essays in honour of Sten Malmquist. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Fethi, M. D. (2000). Efficiency and productivity growth in the European airlines industry: applications of Data Envelopment Analysis, Malmquist Productivity Index and Tobit Analysis. University of Leicester (United Kingdom).
  • Goetz, A. R., & Vowles, T. M. (2009). The good, the bad, and the ugly: 30 years of US airline deregulation. Journal of Transport Geography, 17(4), 251-263.
  • Goswami, B., & Nath, H. K. (2021). India's Revealed Comparative Advantages in Merchandise Trade with Country Groups at Different Levels of Development. Contemporary Economic Policy, 39(2), 377-397.
  • Güneş, S., & Tan, M. (2017). Static and Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage: A Comparative Analysis of Turkey and Russia. İktisadi Yenilik Dergisi, 4(3), 22-38.
  • Halife, H. (2022). Competitiveness Analysis of Textile Industry of Turkey: Revealed Comparative Advantage Approach. International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness, 1-6.
  • IATA. (2022). Endüstri Karlılığı. Retrieved 30.11.2022 from https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/economic-reports/a-return-to-industry-profitability-in-2023/ KLM, A. F. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 05.04.2022 from
  • https://www.airfranceklm.com/en/finance/publications
  • Krugman, P., & Wells, R. (2018). Microeconomics (5 ed.). Worth Publishers.
  • Leromain, E., & Orefice, G. (2014). New revealed comparative advantage index: Dataset and empirical distribution. International Economics, 139, 48-70.
  • Lufthansa. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 03.04.2022 from https://investor-relations.lufthansagroup.com/en/publications.html
  • Mahadevan, R. (2002). A DEA approach to understanding the productivity growth of Malaysia's manufacturing industries. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19(4), 587-600.
  • Malmquist, S. (1953). Index numbers and indifference surfaces. Trabajos de estadística, 4(2), 209-242.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Taylor, M. P., & Ashwin, A. (2020). Microeconomics (5 ed.). Cengage Learning EMEA.
  • Maryam, J., Banday, U. J., & Mittal, A. (2018). Trade intensity and revealed comparative advantage: an analysis of Intra-BRICS trade. International Journal of Emerging Markets.
  • Mizik, T. (2021). Agri-food trade competitiveness: A review of the literature. Sustainability, 13(20), 11235.
  • Moon, H. C., Rugman, A. M., & Verbeke, A. (1998). A generalized double diamond approach to the global competitiveness of Korea and Singapore. International business review, 7(2), 135-150.
  • Pegasus. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 01.03.2022 from
  • https://www.pegasusyatirimciiliskileri.com/tr/operasyonel-ve-finansal-veriler/faaliyet-raporlari
  • Porter, M. E. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations/Michael E. Porter. NY: The Free press. A Division of Macmillan Inc, 855.
  • Reyes, G. U. (2014). Examining the revealed comparative advantage of the ASEAN 6 countries using the Balassa index and Lafay index. Journal of Global Business and Trade, 10(1), 1-11. SHGM. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 25.12.2021 from https://web.shgm.gov.tr/tr/kurumsal/4006-faaliyet-raporlarimiz
  • Singapore. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 05.04.2022 from https://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/sg/about-us/information-for-investors/annual-report/
  • Soyyiğit, S., & Yavuzaslan, K. (2020). An Investigation of Turkey’s Competitiveness on Different Products Groups in Automotive Sector via Revealed Comparative Advantage Index. In Eurasian Economic Perspectives (pp. 125-140). Springer.
  • Sönmüş, A., & Aslan, M. H. (2021). Comparative Advantage of Turkish Olive Oil in Global Markets: An Empirical Analysis. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 9(6), 1114-1119.
  • Şahinli, M. (2014). Revealed Comparative advantage and competitiveness: Turkey agriculture sector. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(3), 210-217.
  • THY. Faaliyet Raporları. https://investor.turkishairlines.com/tr/mali-ve-operasyonel-veriler/faaliyet-raporlari
  • Topcu, B. A., & Kılavuz, E. (2012). Revealed comparative advantage and competitiveness of the turkish manufacturing sector in the European market. International journal of economics and finance studies, 4(2), 21-35.
  • Topçu, B. A., & Sarıgül, S. S. (2015). Comparative advantage and the product mapping of exporting sectors in Turkey. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(18), 330-348.
  • Tubadji, A., & Nijkamp, P. (2018). Revisiting the Balassa–Samuelson effect: International tourism and cultural proximity. Tourism Economics, 24(8), 915-944.
  • United. Faaliyet Raporları. Retrieved 05.04.2022 from https://ir.united.com
  • WorldBank. Air Transport, passenger carried. Retrieved 15.02.2022 from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.AIR.PSGR
  • Yazgan, A. E., & Yiğit, S. (2013). Türk Sivil Havacilik Sektörünün Uluslararasi Rekabetçilik Düzeyinin Analizi. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 13(25), 421-445.
  • Yeldan, M., Kesgingöz, H., & Güçlü, U. (2020). Analysis of Turkey's iron-steel industry in the world trade. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 16(4), 854-869.
  • Yıldırım, Ç., Türkten, H., & Ceyhan, V. (2022). Türkiye su ürünleri endüstrisinin rekabet gücünün değerlendirilmesi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39(3), 243-252.

Year 2023, , 266 - 278, 19.04.2023

Murat Ahmet Doğan , Ebül Muhsin Doğan

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1243612
Cited By: 1
An Erratum to this article was published on January 31, 2024. http://esjournal.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/en/pub/cumuiibf/issue/82908/1413665

Abstract

Keywords

Serbestleşme Rekabet Gücü Balassa Endeksi TFV Malmquist Endeksi.

References

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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Murat Ahmet Doğan 0000-0002-4646-616X

Ebül Muhsin Doğan 0000-0003-0281-6217

Publication Date April 19, 2023
Submission Date January 29, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Doğan, M. A., & Doğan, E. M. (2023). TÜRK SİVİL HAVA TAŞIMACILIĞI ENDÜSTRİSİNİN REKABET GÜCÜNÜN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2), 266-278. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1243612

Cited By

Türk Sivil Havacılığı Endüstrisinin Etkinliği ile Endüstri Yoğunlaşması Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Sosyoekonomi
https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.01.19

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