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Türkiye’de Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisinin Genişletilmiş Sınır Testi (A-ARDL) Yardımıyla Sınanması: 1970-2021 Dönemi

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 81 - 95, 31.01.2024

Oğuzhan Demir , Kasım Uludağ , Dilek Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1334231
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Sanayileşmekte olan ülkeler, ekonomik hedeflerinin başında genellikle yüksek oranda büyümeyi tercih etmektedirler. Ancak bu arzuları, üretim süreçlerinde sıklıkla kullandıkları fosil yakıtların çevre üzerindeki etkilerini göz ardı etmelerine yol açmaktadır. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülke sayısının gelişmiş ülke sayısına oranla fazla olduğu düşünüldüğünde, iklim değişikliğine neden olan küresel sera gazı emisyonlarını kontrol altına alma ihtiyacı, günümüzün en önemli sorunlarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışma, gelişmekte olan ülke statüsünde yer alan Türkiye’de enerji tüketiminden kaynaklı karbon emisyonları ile ekonomik büyüme, ticari açıklık ve kişi başına düşen birincil enerji tüketimi arasındaki ilişkiyi Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (ÇKE) hipotezi çerçevesinde araştırmaktadır. 1970-2021 döneminin incelendiği çalışmada ÇKE hipotezinin geçerliliği ise; McNown vd. (2018) ve Sam vd. (2019) tarafından literatüre kazandırılan Genişletilmiş Sınır Testi (A-ARDL) yaklaşımı ile sınanmaktadır. Elde edilen ampirik bulgular neticesinde, enerji tüketiminden kaynaklı karbon emisyonları dikkate alındığında, Türkiye’de ÇKE hipotezinin geçerli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca açıklayıcı değişken vektörü olarak kullanılan ticari açıklık ve kişi başına düşen birincil enerji tüketiminin de karbon emisyonlarını arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, çevre dostu teknolojilere yatırım yapmak, kirlilik kontrolüne önem vermek, düzenlemeleri sıkı bir şekilde uygulamak, toplumu çevre konularında bilinçlendirmek ve ekonomik büyümeyi çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ilkesine göre şekillendirmek, kamu otoritelerinin politika yapıcılarına tavsiye edilmektedir.

Keywords

Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi A-ARDL Enerji tüketimi ticari açıklık

References

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Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Using the Augmented Boundary Test (A-ARDL) in Türkiye: Period 1970-2021

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 81 - 95, 31.01.2024

Oğuzhan Demir , Kasım Uludağ , Dilek Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1334231
Cited By: 3

Abstract

Industrializing countries often prioritize high rates of economic growth as their primary economic goal. However, this ambition often leads them to overlook the environmental impacts of extensively using fossil fuels in their production processes. Especially considering the higher number of developing countries compared to developed ones, the need to control global greenhouse gas emissions causing climate change has become one of today's most significant issues. With this purpose, the study investigates the relationship between carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption, economic growth, trade openness, and per capita primary energy consumption in Türkiye, classified as a developing country, within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The study examines the period from 1970 to 2021 and tests the validity of the EKC hypothesis in the Türkiye context using the Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (A-ARDL) approach, which was introduced to the literature by McNown et al. (2018) and Sam et al. (2019). Based on the empirical findings, when considering carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption, the EKC hypothesis is found to be valid in Türkiye. Additionally, it has been observed that the explanatory variables of trade openness and per capita primary energy consumption also contribute to increased carbon emissions. As a conclusion, the study recommends investing in environmentally friendly technologies, emphasizing pollution control, rigorously implementing regulations, raising public awareness on environmental issues, and shaping economic growth according to the principles of environmental sustainability. These recommendations are directed to public authorities and policymakers as guidelines for effective decision-making.

Keywords

Environmental Kuznets Curve A-ARDL Energy consumption trade opennes

References

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  • Albayrak, E. N., ve Gökçe, A. (2015). Ekonomik Büyüme ve Çevresel Kirlilik İlişkisi: Cevresel Kuznets Eğrisi ve Türkiye Örneğ. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi, 4(2), 279-301.
  • Balıbey, M. (2015). Relationships Among CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment and the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Turkey. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 5(4), 1042–1049.
  • Başar, S., ve Temurlenk, M. S. (2007). Çevreye Uyarlanmış Kuznets Eğrisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 1-12.
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  • Çağlar, A. E. (2022). Türkiye'de Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezinin Araştırılmasında Çevresel Patentlerin Rolü: Genişletilmiş ARDL ile Kanıtlar. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(4).
  • Çetin, M., Ecevit, E., ve Yucel, A. G. (2018). The Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Trade Openness, and Financial Development on Carbon Emissions: Empirical Evidence From Turkey. Environmental Science And Pollution Research, 25(36), 36589-36603.
  • Çetin, M., ve Yüksel, Ö. (2018). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Enerji Tüketiminin Karbon Emisyonu Üzerindeki Etkisi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 169-186. Çoban, M. N., ve Özkan, O. (2022). Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi: Türkiye'de Küreselleşme ve Ekonomik Büyümenin Çevre Üzerindeki Etkisinin Yeni Dinamik ARDL Simülasyon Modeli ile İncelenmesi. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 9(19), 207-228.
  • De Vita, G., Katircioglu, S., Altinay, L., Fethi, S., ve Mercan, M. (2015). Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in a Tourism Development Context. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 16652-16663.
  • Destek, M. A. (2018). Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezinin Türkiye için İncelenmesi: STIRPAT Modelinden Bulgular. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 268-283.
  • Erdoğan, İ., Türköz, K., ve Görüş, M. Ş. (2015). 11. Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezinin Türkiye Ekonomisi İçin Geçerliliği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (44), 113-123.
  • Eren M., B., Katırcıoglu, S., ve Gökmenoğlu, K. K. (2022). The Moderating Role of Informal Economy on Financial Development Induced Ekc Hypothesis in Turkey. Energy & Environment, 33(6), 1203-1226.
  • Gill, A. R., Hassan, S., ve Haseeb, M. (2019). Moderating Role Of Financial Development in Environmental Kuznets: A Case Study of Malaysia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26, 34468-34478.
  • Gökmenoğlu, K., ve Taşpınar, N. (2016). The Relationship Between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and FDI: The Case of Turkey. The Journal Of International Trade & Economic Development, 25(5), 706-723.
  • Gözgör, G., ve Can, M. (2016). Export Product Diversifcation And The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Evidence From Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(21), 21594–21603.
  • Grossman G.M. ve Krueger A.B. (1991). Environmental Impacts of A North American Free Trade Agreement. Working Paper No.3914. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Hasanov, F. J., Mikayilov, J. I., Mukhtarov, S., ve Suleymanov, E. (2019). Does CO2 Emissions–Economic Growth Relationship Reveal EKC in Developing Countries? Evidence From Kazakhstan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(29), 30229–30241.
  • Iskandar, A. (2019). Economic Growth and CO2 Emissions In Indonesia: Investigating The Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis Existence. Jurnal BPPK, 20.
  • Işık, C., Ongan, S., ve Özdemir, D. (2019). The Economic Growth/Development and Environmental Degradation: Evidence From The US State-Level EKC Hypothesis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(30), 30772–30781.
  • Iwata, H., Okada, K., ve Samreth, S. (2010). Empirical Study on The Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 in France: The Role of Nuclear Energy. Energy Policy, 38(8), 4057–4063.
  • Jalil, A., ve Mahmud, S. F. (2009). Environment Kuznets Curve for CO2 Emissions: A Cointegration Analysis for China. Energy Policy, 37(12), 5167–5172.
  • Kalaycı, C., ve Hayaloğlu, P. (2019). The Impact of Economic Globalization On CO2 Emissions. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy. 9(1), 356-360.
  • Katırcıoğlu, S. (2017). Investigating The Role of Oil Prices İn The Conventional EKC Model: Evidence From Turkey. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 7(5), 498-508.
  • Katırcıoğlu, S., ve Katırcıoğlu, S. (2018). Testing The Role of Urban Development in the Conventional Environmental Kuznets Curve: Evidence From Turkey. Applied Economics Letters, 25(11), 741-746.
  • Kaygısız Durgun, A. (2018). Çevresel Kuznets Hipotezi: Türkiye Üzerine Ampirik Bir Uygulama. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(32), 186-204.
  • Kılıç, R., ve Akalın, G. (2016). Türkiye’de Çevre ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2), 49-60.
  • Koçak, E. (2014). Türkiye'de Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezinin Geçerliliği: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 62-73.
  • Kuznets, S. (1955). Economic Growth and Income Inequality. The American Economic Review, 45(1), 1-28.
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There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economic Theory (Other), Policy and Administration (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Oğuzhan Demir 0000-0001-6320-5562

Kasım Uludağ 0000-0002-7353-4199

Dilek Özdemir 0000-0002-8048-7730

Early Pub Date January 26, 2024
Publication Date January 31, 2024
Submission Date July 28, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 25 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Demir, O., Uludağ, K., & Özdemir, D. (2024). Türkiye’de Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisinin Genişletilmiş Sınır Testi (A-ARDL) Yardımıyla Sınanması: 1970-2021 Dönemi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(1), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1334231

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