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Bankacılık Sektöründe Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk ile Finansal Performans Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Örneği

Year 2022, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 49 - 78, 14.01.2022

Fahrettin Pala

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.989475

Abstract

Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülke Türkiye açısından sermaye piyasaları yeterince derinleşmediği için finansal piyasaların önemli bileşenlerinden olan bankacılık sektörü ayrı bir önem arz etmektedir. Bu önemden hareketle çalışmanın amacı, Bankaların Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluklarının muhasebe temelli finansal performansları üzerindeki etkisini paydaş teorisi kapsamında incelemektir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak araştırmanın verileri, BIST’te 2010-2020 yılları arasında faaliyet gösteren 10 bankanın Kamuyu Aydınlatma Platformu (KAP) bünyesinde yayımlamış oldukları 11 dönemlik finansal ve faaliyet raporlarından elde edilmiştir. Makroekonomik kontrol değişkenlerden Gayrisafi Yurtiçi Hasıla Büyüme Oranı (GSYİHBO) değişkenine ait veriler ise dünya bankası veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada bankaların finansal performansı ile KSS arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi için panel regresyon yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucuna göre KSS ile finansal performans göstergelerinden ROA ve NIM arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı herhangi bir ilişki tespit edilememişken, KSS ile ROE arasında ise anlamlı ve negatif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca KSS boyutları ile finansal performans arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde, KSS boyutlarından hiç birisi (temettü ödeme oranı, personel gider oranı, faiz ödeme oranı, vergi oranı ve kamu refahı bağış oranı) ile ROA ve NIM arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir. KSS boyutlarından personel gider oranı ile vergi oranının ROE üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve negatif yönde etkisi varken, kamu refahı bağış oranında pozitif ve anlamlı etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle kamu refahı bağış oranında ki %1’lik bir artış ROE’yi yaklaşık %48 artırmaktadır. Bu sonuca göre, bankalar finansal performanslarını daha fazla artıra bilmeleri için toplumsal içerikli sosyal sorumluluk projelerine daha fazla önem vermeleri gerektiği söylenebilir.

Keywords

Bankacılık Sektörü, Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Finansal Performans Panel Veri Analizi

References

  • Ahamed, W.S.W., Almsafir, M.K. & Al-Smadi, A.W. (2014). Does Corporate Social Responsibility Lead to Improve in Firm Financial Performance? Evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(3), 126-138.
  • Akben Selçuk, E. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: The Moderating Role of Ownership Concentration in Turkey. Sustainability, 11, 1-10.
  • Barnett, M.L. & Salomon, R.M. (2012). Does it Pay to be Really Good? Addressing the of the Relationship Between Social and Financial Performance. Strategic Management Journal, 33, 1304-1320.
  • Batae, O.M., Dragomir, V.D. & Feleaga, L. (2021). The Relationship between Environmental, Social, and Financial Performance in the Banking Sector: A European Study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 290, 1-21.
  • Brammer, S., Brooks, C. & Pavelin,S. (2006). Corporate Social Performance and Stock Returns: UK Evidence from Disaggregate Measures. Financial Management, 97-116.
  • Carroll, A.B. (1999). Corporate Social Responsibility. Business & Society, 38(3), 268-295.
  • Devie, D., Liman, L.P., Tarigan, J. & Jie, F. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Performance and Risk in Indonesian Natural Resources Industry. Social Responsibility Journal, 16(1), 73-90.
  • Dijken, F. (2007). Corporate Social Responsibility: Market Regulation and the Evidence. Managerial Law, 49(4), 141-184.
  • Elouidani, A. & Zoubir, F. (2015). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance. African J. Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 4(1), 74-85.
  • Fourati, Y.M. & Dammak, M. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: International Evidence of the Mediating Role of Reputation. Corp Soc Responsib Environ Manag., 1-11.
  • Hafız, H.M. (2015). Corporate Social responsibility and Financial Performance: An Empirical Study on Egyptian Banks. Corporate Ownership & Control, 12(2), 107-127.
  • Kabakcı, C.C. & Bilgin Sarı, E. (2019). Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Finansal Performansın Tercih Seçim Endeksi (PSI) Yöntemiyle Analizi. Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3): 370-383.
  • Kaya, U. & Yazan, Ö. (2017). Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk – Kazanç Yönetimi ve Finansal Performans İlişkisi. Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, 17(51), 15-40.
  • Kılıç, M. (2020). BIST Bilişim Sektöründeki Firmaların Ar-Ge Harcamalarının Finansal Performans Üzerindeki Etkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi XLIX (2), 219-234.
  • KPMG. (2020). Sektörel Bakış-Bankacılık, https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/tr/pdf/2019/12/sektorel-bakis-2020-bankacilik. pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2021)
  • Maqbool, S. & Zameer, M.N. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: An Empirical Analysis of Indian Banks. Future Business Journal, 4(1), 84-93.
  • Özcan, M. (2021). Türk Bankacılık Sektörünün Finansal Performans Göstergeleri: BIST Mali Sektörü Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 35(2), 389-406.
  • Platonova, E., Asutay, M., Dixon, R. & Mohammad, S. (2018). The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Financial Performance: Evidence from the GCC Islamic Banking Sector. J Bus Ethics, 151, 451-471.
  • Sanchez, P.E., Gonzalez, M.C. & Gazquez, J.D.P. (2017). Corporate Social Performance and Its Relation with Corporate Financial Performance: International Evidence in the Banking Industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162, 1102-1110.
  • Sezal, L. (2020). 2018 Ağustos Krizinin Türk Bankacılık Sektörüne Etkisi. Journal of Economics and Research, 1(1), 17-32.
  • Taşkın, F.D. (2011). Türkiye’de Ticari Bankaların Performansını Etkileyen Faktörler. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(2), 289-298.
  • TBB (Türkiye Bankalar Birliği). (2021). Bankalarımız 2020, Yayın No:339, https://www.tbb.org.tr/Content/Upload/Dokuman/7766/Bankalarimiz_2020.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2021).
  • TBB (Türkiye Bankalar Birliği), https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/bankacilik/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/banka-bilgileri/banka-ve-sube-sayilari/70, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2021)
  • Wood, D. J. (1991). Corporate Social Performance Revisited. Academy of Management Review, 16, 691-718.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2018). Panel Zaman Serileri Analizi: Stata Uygulamalı (2. Baskı). İstanbul. Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Zhou, G., Sun, Y., Luo, S. & Liao, J. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility and Bank Financial Performance in China: The Moderating Role of Green Credit. Energy Economics, 97, 1-10.
  • Zhu, O., Liu, J. & Lai, K. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Performance Improvement among Chinese National State-Owned Enterprises. International Journal of Production Economics, 171(3), 417-426.

The Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance in the Banking Sector: The Case of Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 49 - 78, 14.01.2022

Fahrettin Pala

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.989475

Abstract

Especially for the developing country Turkey, the banking sector, which is one of the important components of the financial markets, has a special importance since the capital markets have not deepened enough. Based on this importance, the aim of the study is to examine the effect of Banks' Corporate Social Responsibilities on their accounting-based financial performances within the scope of stakeholder theory. For this purpose, the data of the research were obtained from the 11-period financial and annual reports published by the Public Disclosure Platform (KAP) of 10 banks operating in the BIST between 2010-2020. The data of the Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate (GDP) variable, which is one of the macroeconomic control variables, was obtained from the world bank database. In the study, panel regression method was applied to determine the relationship between the financial performance of banks and CSR. According to the results of the analysis, no statistically significant relationship was found between CSR and financial performance indicators ROA and NIM, while a significant and negative relationship was found between CSR and ROE. In addition, when the relationship between CSR dimensions and financial performance was examined, no statistically significant relationship could be found between any of the CSR dimensions (dividend payment rate, personnel expense ratio, interest payment rate, tax rate and public welfare donation rate) and ROA and NIM. While the personnel expense ratio and tax rate, which are among the CSR dimensions, have a statistically significant and negative effect on ROE, it has been determined that they have a positive and significant effect on the public welfare donation rate. In particular, a 1% increase in the public welfare donation rate increases ROE by approximately 48%. According to this result, it can be said that banks should give more importance to social responsibility projects with social content in order to increase their financial performance more.

Keywords

Banking Sector Corporate Social Responsibility Financial Performance Panel Data Analysis +

References

  • Ahamed, W.S.W., Almsafir, M.K. & Al-Smadi, A.W. (2014). Does Corporate Social Responsibility Lead to Improve in Firm Financial Performance? Evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(3), 126-138.
  • Akben Selçuk, E. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: The Moderating Role of Ownership Concentration in Turkey. Sustainability, 11, 1-10.
  • Barnett, M.L. & Salomon, R.M. (2012). Does it Pay to be Really Good? Addressing the of the Relationship Between Social and Financial Performance. Strategic Management Journal, 33, 1304-1320.
  • Batae, O.M., Dragomir, V.D. & Feleaga, L. (2021). The Relationship between Environmental, Social, and Financial Performance in the Banking Sector: A European Study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 290, 1-21.
  • Brammer, S., Brooks, C. & Pavelin,S. (2006). Corporate Social Performance and Stock Returns: UK Evidence from Disaggregate Measures. Financial Management, 97-116.
  • Carroll, A.B. (1999). Corporate Social Responsibility. Business & Society, 38(3), 268-295.
  • Devie, D., Liman, L.P., Tarigan, J. & Jie, F. (2020). Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Performance and Risk in Indonesian Natural Resources Industry. Social Responsibility Journal, 16(1), 73-90.
  • Dijken, F. (2007). Corporate Social Responsibility: Market Regulation and the Evidence. Managerial Law, 49(4), 141-184.
  • Elouidani, A. & Zoubir, F. (2015). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance. African J. Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 4(1), 74-85.
  • Fourati, Y.M. & Dammak, M. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: International Evidence of the Mediating Role of Reputation. Corp Soc Responsib Environ Manag., 1-11.
  • Hafız, H.M. (2015). Corporate Social responsibility and Financial Performance: An Empirical Study on Egyptian Banks. Corporate Ownership & Control, 12(2), 107-127.
  • Kabakcı, C.C. & Bilgin Sarı, E. (2019). Türk Bankacılık Sektöründe Finansal Performansın Tercih Seçim Endeksi (PSI) Yöntemiyle Analizi. Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(3): 370-383.
  • Kaya, U. & Yazan, Ö. (2017). Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk – Kazanç Yönetimi ve Finansal Performans İlişkisi. Muhasebe ve Denetime Bakış, 17(51), 15-40.
  • Kılıç, M. (2020). BIST Bilişim Sektöründeki Firmaların Ar-Ge Harcamalarının Finansal Performans Üzerindeki Etkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi XLIX (2), 219-234.
  • KPMG. (2020). Sektörel Bakış-Bankacılık, https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/tr/pdf/2019/12/sektorel-bakis-2020-bankacilik. pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2021)
  • Maqbool, S. & Zameer, M.N. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: An Empirical Analysis of Indian Banks. Future Business Journal, 4(1), 84-93.
  • Özcan, M. (2021). Türk Bankacılık Sektörünün Finansal Performans Göstergeleri: BIST Mali Sektörü Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 35(2), 389-406.
  • Platonova, E., Asutay, M., Dixon, R. & Mohammad, S. (2018). The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Financial Performance: Evidence from the GCC Islamic Banking Sector. J Bus Ethics, 151, 451-471.
  • Sanchez, P.E., Gonzalez, M.C. & Gazquez, J.D.P. (2017). Corporate Social Performance and Its Relation with Corporate Financial Performance: International Evidence in the Banking Industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 162, 1102-1110.
  • Sezal, L. (2020). 2018 Ağustos Krizinin Türk Bankacılık Sektörüne Etkisi. Journal of Economics and Research, 1(1), 17-32.
  • Taşkın, F.D. (2011). Türkiye’de Ticari Bankaların Performansını Etkileyen Faktörler. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(2), 289-298.
  • TBB (Türkiye Bankalar Birliği). (2021). Bankalarımız 2020, Yayın No:339, https://www.tbb.org.tr/Content/Upload/Dokuman/7766/Bankalarimiz_2020.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 11.07.2021).
  • TBB (Türkiye Bankalar Birliği), https://www.tbb.org.tr/tr/bankacilik/banka-ve-sektor-bilgileri/banka-bilgileri/banka-ve-sube-sayilari/70, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.07.2021)
  • Wood, D. J. (1991). Corporate Social Performance Revisited. Academy of Management Review, 16, 691-718.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2018). Panel Zaman Serileri Analizi: Stata Uygulamalı (2. Baskı). İstanbul. Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Zhou, G., Sun, Y., Luo, S. & Liao, J. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility and Bank Financial Performance in China: The Moderating Role of Green Credit. Energy Economics, 97, 1-10.
  • Zhu, O., Liu, J. & Lai, K. (2016). Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Performance Improvement among Chinese National State-Owned Enterprises. International Journal of Production Economics, 171(3), 417-426.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Fahrettin Pala 0000-0001-9565-8638

Publication Date January 14, 2022
Submission Date September 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022Volume: 23 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Pala, F. (2022). Bankacılık Sektöründe Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk ile Finansal Performans Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Örneği. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 23(1), 49-78. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.989475
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