Araştırma Makalesi
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İŞGÖREN PERFORMANSINI BELİRLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN ETKİ DÜZEYLERİ: BİR ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 214 - 237, 26.01.2026

Gülnaz Kılıç Özkaynar , Mehmet Sadık Öncül

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1811413

Öz

İşgören performansı alan yazın çok boyutlu bir kavram olarak ele alınmakla birlikte, mevcut araştırmaların faktör gruplarını parçalı bir biçimde incelemesi nedeniyle bütüncül bir ölçme aracına olan ihtiyaç olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada, işgören performansını etkileyen faktörleri bütüncül bir perspektifle ele alınarak geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Karma araştırma yönteminin benimsendiği bu araştırmanın nitel aşamasında 33 işgören ve 28 bilim uzmanı ile mülakat gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu verilerden elde edilen boyutlar ışığında oluşturulan soru havuzu, 657 ve 284 katılımcı ile yapılan iki pilot uygulama ve 1070 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilen ana uygulama sürecinde test edilmiştir. Ölçek açıklayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda 43 maddeden 14 maddeye düşürülmüş, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile ölçeğin yapı geçerliliği sağlanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, yönetsel/örgütsel faktörlerin performans üzerinde en yüksek etkiyle ilk sıraya sahip olduğunu, ikinci sırada bireysel faktörlerin ve üçüncü sırada çevresel faktörlerin de etkin olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, işgören performansının tek boyutlu müdahalelerle değil, bireysel kapasitelerin güçlendirilmesi, yönetsel uygulamaların iyileştirilmesi ve çevresel koşulların dikkate alındığı bütünleşik stratejiler aracılığıyla geliştirilebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Geliştirilen bu ölçeğin performans sorunlarının kökenini tanımlama, insan kaynakları politikalarını veri temeline dayandırma ve müdahale stratejilerini sıralama konularında rehberlik edeceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Performans Yönetimi İşgören Performansı Bireysel Faktörler Yönetsel/Örgütsel Faktörler Çevresel Faktörler Ölçek Geliştirme

Etik Beyan

Çalışmanın veri toplama aracını uygulamadan önce Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Etik Değerlendirme Kurulu’nun 21.08.2023 tarihli ve 2023/13 sayılı kararı ile etik onay alınmıştır.

Teşekkür

Çalışmamıza katılan işgörenlere teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

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  • Adimulyo, N., Ustria Mala, R., & Sudianto. (2023). The ınfluence of workload and work stress on employee performance at pt asuransı jasa tanıa tbk. PENANOMICS: International Journal of Economics, 2(2), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.56107/penanomics.v2i2.118
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THE LEVELS OF INFLUENCE OF FACTORS DETERMİNİNG EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 214 - 237, 26.01.2026

Gülnaz Kılıç Özkaynar , Mehmet Sadık Öncül

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1811413

Öz

While employee performance is considered a multidimensional concept in the literature, the need for a comprehensive measurement tool has been identified due to the fragmented examination of factor groups in existing studies. This study aims to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool by addressing the factors affecting employee performance from a comprehensive perspective. In the qualitative phase of this mixed-methods research, interviews were conducted with 33 employees and 28 scientific experts. The question pool created based on the dimensions obtained from these data was tested in two pilot applications with 657 and 284 participants and in the main application process with 1070 participants. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale was reduced from 43 items to 14 items, and the construct validity of the scale was ensured through confirmatory factor analysis. The research findings show that managerial/organizational factors have the highest impact on performance, followed by individual factors in second place and environmental factors in third place. The results obtained reveal that employee performance can be improved not through one-dimensional interventions, but through integrated strategies that strengthen individual capacities, improve managerial practices, and take environmental conditions into account. This developed scale is expected to provide guidance in identifying the root causes of performance problems, basing human resources policies on data, and prioritizing intervention strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Performance Management Employee Performance Individual Factors Managerial/Organizational Factors Environmental Factors Scale Development

Etik Beyan

Prior to implementing the data collection tool for this study, ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Board of the Institute of Social Sciences at Sivas Cumhuriyet University, as per its decision dated August 21, 2023, numbered 2023/13.

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the employees who participated in our study.

Kaynakça

  • Adi Pracoyo, N., Tubastuvi, N., Santoso, S. B., & Wahyuni, S. (2022). Determinants of employee performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 11(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i2.1595
  • Adimulyo, N., Ustria Mala, R., & Sudianto. (2023). The ınfluence of workload and work stress on employee performance at pt asuransı jasa tanıa tbk. PENANOMICS: International Journal of Economics, 2(2), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.56107/penanomics.v2i2.118
  • Aguinis, H., Joo, H., & Gottfredson, R. K. (2011). Why we hate performance management and why we should love it. Business Horizons, 54(6), 503-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2011.06.001
  • Ak, M., & Sezer, Ö. (2018). Kamu personeli sisteminde çalışanların görevde yükselmesinde kayırmacılık sorunu. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23,739-757.
  • Al Kahtani, N. S., & Sulphey, M. M. (2022). A Study on How Psychological Capital, Social Capital, Workplace Wellbeing, and Employee Engagement Relate to Task Performance. Sage Open, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221095010
  • Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 278–308. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.5.2.278
  • Altunışık, R., Gegez, E., Sığrı, Ü., Koç, E., Yüksel, A., Boz, H., & Yıldız, E. (2022). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: Yeni perspektifler. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Armstrong, M. (2014). A handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Ltd.
  • Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers.
  • Aytaç, S. (2005). Çalışma yaşamında kariyer yönetimi planlaması gelişimi ve sorunları. Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • Baird, K., Nuhu, N., & Jiao, L. (2024). The effect of Porter’s competitive forces on competitive advantage and organisational performance and the moderating role of management accounting practices. J Manag Control, 35, 303-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-024-00375-4
  • Barney, J. (2010). Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage. Pearson.
  • Barutçugil, İ. (2015). Performans yönetimi. Kariyer Yayıncılık.
  • Basuki, T. W., Wahyuni, S., Tubastuvi, N., & Fitriati, A. (2022). Analysis of determinants of employee performance: A case study. ADPEBI International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(2), 56–73. https://doi.org/10.54099/aijbs.v2i2.324
  • Burton, R. M., Lauridsen, J., & Obel, B. (2004). The impact of organizational climate and strategic fit on firm performance. Human Resource Management, 43(1), 67-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20003
  • Campbell, J. P., & Wiernik, B. M. (2015). The modeling and assessment of work performance. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2, 47-74. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111427
  • Canbolat, M. A. (2023). İş stresinin işgören performansına etkisinde kurumsal aidiyetin düzenleyici rolü. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 13(4), 2435-2448. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1308035
  • Cao, T. H., Chai, D. S., Nguyen, L. P., Nguyen, H. T., Han, C. S.-h., & Park, S. (2025). Learning organization and employee performance: The mediating role of job satisfaction in the Vietnamese context. The Learning Organization: An International Journal, 32 (7): 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-09-2023-0177
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  • Hoffman, B. J., & Woehr, D. J. (2006). A quantitative review of the relationship between person–organization fit and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(3), 389-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2005.08.003
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  • Hsu, L. (2013). Work motivation, job burnout, and employment aspiration in hospitality and tourism students an exploration using the self-determination theory. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 13(1),180–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2013.10.001
  • Janssen, O., Lam, C. K., & Huang, X. (2009). Emotional exhaustion and job performance: The moderating roles of distributive justice and positive affect. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(6), 787-809. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.614
  • Janssen, O., Van de Vliert, E., & West, M. (2004). The bright and dark sides of individual and group innovation: a Special Issue introduction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2), 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.242
  • Jo, J., Chadwick, C., & Han, J. H. (2024). How the human resource (HR) function adds strategic value: A relational perspective of the HR function. Human Resource Management, 63(1), 5-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22184
  • Johns, G. (2006). The essential ımpact of context on organizational behavior. Academy of Management Review, 31(2), https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.20208687
  • Judge, T. A., Heller, D., & Mount, M. K. (2002). Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 530–541. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.530
  • Judge, T., & Zapata, C. (2015). The person–situation debate revisited: Effect of situation strength and trait activation on the validity of the big five personality traits in predicting job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 58 (4), 1149-1179. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0837
  • Karagöz, Y., & Bardakçı, S. (2020). Bilimsel araştırmalarda kullanılan ölçme araçları ve ölçek geliştirme. Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Koçel, T. (2018). İşletme yöneticiliği. Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Schaufeli, W. B., & Van der Beek, A. J. (2011). Conceptual frameworks of ındividual work performance. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(8), 856-866. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318226a763
  • Kumar, R. (2011). Araştırma yöntemleri. Edge Akademi.
  • Kyriacou, C. (2001). Teacher stress: Directions for future research. Educational Review, 53(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910120033628
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  • Mathis, R., & Jackson, J. (2007). Human resource management. Essential Perspectives.
  • McKee-Ryan, F., Song, Z., Wanberg, C. R., & Kinicki, A. J. (2005). Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: A meta-analytic study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 53–76. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.53
  • Mondy, R., & Mondy, J. (2017). İnsan kaynakları yönetimi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Nabil, H. A., & Habiburrahman, H. (2023). Influence of training and work motivation on employee performance at pt ptpn vıı bandar lampung during the Covid-19 pandemi. BIMA Journal (Business, Management, & Accounting Journal), 4(1). https://doi.org/10.37638/bima.4.1.59-66
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  • Uyargil, C. (2013). Performans yönetimi sistemi. (3.Baskı). Beta Yayıncılık
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  • Yu, K., Wang, Z., & Huang, Y. (2018). Work-family conflict and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of job satisfaction and decision authority. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 12(17). https://doi.org/10.1186/s11782-018-0039-5
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Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gülnaz Kılıç Özkaynar 0000-0002-0002-4526

Mehmet Sadık Öncül 0000-0002-5268-2096

Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Ekim 2025
Kabul Tarihi 1 Ocak 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kılıç Özkaynar, G., & Öncül, M. S. (2026). İŞGÖREN PERFORMANSINI BELİRLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN ETKİ DÜZEYLERİ: BİR ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 27(1), 214-237. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1811413

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