Araştırma Makalesi
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HEKİMLERİN FARMAKOEKONOMİ BİLGİ DÜZEYİNİN REÇETELEME DAVRANIŞINA ETKİ EDEN FAKTÖRLERLE İLİŞKİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2025, , 1 - 16, 21.01.2025

Tolgay Ercan , Enis Baha Biçer

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1508268

Öz

İlaç tercihinde esas belirleyici etkenin hekimler olması, hekimlerin ilaç tercihinde reçeteleme davranışlarını belirleyen faktörlerin, hem ilaç firmalarının hem de geri ödeme kurumlarının ilgisini çekmektedir. İlaç firmaları tıbbi tanıtım temsilcilerini kullanarak hekimlerin reçeteleme davranışına etki etmeye çalışırlar. Geri ödeme kurumları ise; hekimlerin reçeteleme davranışlarında kısıtlamalar yaparak maliyetleri düşürmeye çalışmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ilaçların tercih edilmesinde esas belirleyici olan ve ilacın reçete edilmesinde tek başına sorumlu olan hekimlerin reçeteleme davranışına etki eden faktörlerin neler olduğunun ayrıntılı tespitinin yapılarak; reçeteleme davranışını etkileyen faktörlerin farmakoekonomi bilgi düzeylerine ilişkin olarak değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada 609 hekim ve diş hekimine 5’li likert ölçek değerlendirmesi ile anket uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizi ölçek ifadelerin güvenilirliklerini test etmek için ilk olarak iç tutarlılığı denetlenmiş sonrasında ölçeklerin boyutlarını değerlendirmek amacı ile AFA yapılmıştır. Bu faktörler arasında ilaç tercihihine yönelik olarak ilaç etkinliği, hekim bilgi ve maliyet alt boyutları incelenmiştir. Hekimlerin satış temsilcisi ile ilgili olarak sosyal iletişim, güven, etik davranış, benzerlik gibi alt boyutlar incelenmiştir. Hekimlerin reçeteleme firma tercihine yönelik olarak yönetimsel etkinlik ve güvenirlik alt boyutları değerlendirilmiş, hekimlerin farmakoekonomi bilgi düzeyleri ile ilgili olarak farmakoekonomi farkındalık, farmakoekonomi bilgi, farmakoekonomi önem ve farmakoekonomi değerlendirme alt boyutları analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada hekimlerin farmakoekonominin önemi, maliyet, ilacın etkinliği, firma tercihi ve tıbbi satış temsilcisine yönelik algılarının yüksek olduğu ifade edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sağlık Ekonomisi Hekim reçeteleme davranışı Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi Farmakoekonomi

Etik Beyan

Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Kuruluna 01.07.2022 tarih ve 2022-07-10 no etik başvurusu yapılmış, incelenmiş ve 13 nolu karar ile ve 04.08.2022 tarihinde etik olarak uygunluğuna karar verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed Rizwan Raheem, Vveinhardt Jolita, Streimikiene Dalia and Awais Muhammad (2016). Mediating and Marketing factors influence the prescription behavior of Physicians: An Empirical Investigation. Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 18(41), 153-167.
  • Ahuja Jaya, Gupta Madhur, Gupta Ajay Kumar and Kohli Kamles (2004). Pharmacoeconomics. The National medical journal of India, 17(2), 80-83.
  • Al-Areefi, Mahmoud Abdullah, and Mohamed Azmi Hassali (2013). The role of pharmaceutical marketing and other factors in prescribing decisions: the Yemeni experience. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 9(6), 981-988.
  • Al-Omar Hussain Abdulrahman (2020). Cost-conscious medications-prescribing behavior among physicians working in Saudi Arabia. Arch. Pharm. Pract, 1, 143.
  • Alowi May and Kani Yusuf (2019). Promotion of prescription drugs and its impact on physician’s choice behavior. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Systems, 6, 1-7.
  • Alsultan Mohammed S. (2011). The role of pharmacoeconomics in formulary decision making in different hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 19(1), 51-56.
  • Alt Rainer and Thomas Puschmann (2005). Developing customer process orientation: the case of Pharma Corp. Business Process Management Journal, 11(4), 297-315.
  • Anderson Britta L., Silverman Gabriel K., Loewenstein George F., Zinberg Stanley and Schulkin Jay (2009). Factors associated with physicians’ reliance on pharmaceutical sales representatives. Academic Medicine, 84(8), 994-1002.
  • Avorn Jerry, Milton Chen and Robert Hartley (1982). Scientific versus commercial sources of influence on the prescribing behavior of physicians. The American journal of medicine, 73(1), 4-8.
  • Baltussen Rob, Reiner Leidl and Andre Ament (1999). Real world designs in economic evaluation: bridging the gap between clinical research and policy-making. Pharmacoeconomics, 16, 449-458.
  • Bennett Casey C. and Kris Hauser (2013). Artificial intelligence framework for simulating clinical decision-making: A Markov decision process approach. Artificial intelligence in medicine, 57(1), 9-19.
  • Berndt Ernst R., Bui Linda, Reiley David R. and Urban Glen L. (1995). Information, marketing, and pricing in the US antiulcer drug market. The American economic review, 85(2), 100-105.
  • Beylik Umut, Cirakli Umit, Cetin Murat, Ecevit Eyyup and Senol Osman (2022). The relationship between health expenditure indicators and economic growth in OECD countries: A Driscoll-Kraay approach. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1050550,1-12.
  • Buusman Allan, Andersen Morten, Merrild Camilla and Elverdam Beth (2007). Factors influencing GPs’ choice between drugs in a therapeutic drug group. A qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of primary health care, 25(4), 208-213.
  • Carthy Patricia, Harvey Ian, Brawn, Richard and Watkins Chris (2000). A study of factors associated with cost and variation in prescribing among GPs. Family practice, 17(1), 36-41.
  • Chew Lisa D., O’Young Theresa S., Hazlet Thomas K., Bradley Katharina A., Maynard Charles and Lessler Daniel S. (2000). “A Physician Survey of The Effect of Drug Sample Availability on Physicians’ Behavior”. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 15(7), 478-483.
  • Cockburn Jill and Pit Sabrina (1997). Prescribing behaviour in clinical practice: patients' expectations and doctors' perceptions of patients' expectations—a questionnaire study. Bmj, 315(7107), 520-523.
  • Dawes Martin and Lens Marko B. (2002). Economic evaluation in evidence-based practice. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 3(9), 1239-1243.
  • De Laat Eric, Windmeijer Frank and Douven R. C. M. H. (2002). How does pharmaceutical marketing influence doctors' prescribing behaviour?. Den Haag: CPB. Netherlands.
  • Demirkıran Mustafa, Hekimlerin ilaç reçeteleme davranışlarını etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisan, Ankara,2010.
  • Dhanawade S., S. Pawar, and A. Ghewari (2009). Effective promtional tools for pharmaceutical products in the perception of physicians: an analysis. Ethos, 2(1), 46-56.
  • Ding Min, Eliashberg Jehoshua and Stremersch Stefan (2014). Innovation and marketing in the pharmaceutical industry. International series in quantitative marketing. Business Media New York.
  • Doğancı Buğra İbrahim, Multi dimensional factors on prescription behavior and their impact on prescription behavior, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora, İstanbul, 2015.
  • Donaldson Cam, Vanora Hundley and Emma McIntosh (1996). Using economics alongside clinical trials: why we cannot choose the evaluation technique in advance. Health Economics, 5(3), 267-269.
  • Doubilet Peter, Weinstein Milton C., McNeil Barbara J. (1986). Use and misuse of the term “cost effective” in medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 314(4), 253-256.
  • Drummond Michael F., Sculpher Mark J., Claxton Karl, Stoddart Greg L. and Torrance George W. (2015). Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford university press.
  • Eldrwish May Alowi, Aigbogun Osaro, Kani Yusuf and Sambasivan Muralli (2022). Attitude towards pharmaceutical promotional tools and its influence on physicians’ prescribing behaviour in Sudan. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, (ahead-of-print),469-489.
  • Etikan Ilker, Sulaiman Abubakar Musa and Rukayya Sunusi Alkassim (2016). “Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling”. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4.
  • Fickweiler Freek, Ward Fickweiler and Ewout Urbach (2017). Interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry generally and sales representatives specifically and their association with physicians’ attitudes and prescribing habits: a systematic review. BMJ, 7(9), 1-12.
  • Folland Sherman, Goodman Allen C. and Stano Miron (2016). The economics of health and health care: Pearson new international edition. Routledge. 7th Edition.
  • Gallan Andrew (2004). Factors that influence physicians' prescribing of pharmaceuticals: a literature review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management, 16(4), 3-46.
  • Goold Susan Dorr, Tımothy Hofer, Marc Zımmerman, Rodney A. Hayward (1994). Measuring physician attitudes toward cost, uncertainty, malpractice, and utilization review. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 9, 544-549.
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EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICIANS' PHARMACOECONOMICS KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AND THE FACTORS AFFECTING THEIR PRESCRIBING BEHAVIOR

Yıl 2025, , 1 - 16, 21.01.2025

Tolgay Ercan , Enis Baha Biçer

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1508268

Öz

Since physicians are the main determining factor in drug preference, the factors that determine physicians' prescribing behavior in drug preference attract the attention of both pharmaceutical companies and reimbursement institutions. Pharmaceutical companies try to influence physicians' prescribing behavior by using medical promotion representatives. Reimbursement institutions are trying to reduce costs by restricting physicians' prescribing behavior. The aim of this study is to determine in detail the factors that affect the prescribing behavior of physicians, who are the main determinants in the choice of drugs and who are solely responsible for prescribing the drug; Factors affecting prescribing behavior were evaluated in relation to pharmacoeconomics knowledge levels. In the research, a survey was applied to 609 physicians and dentists with a 5-point Likert scale evaluation. In order to test the reliability of the scale expressions, the internal consistency of the data was first checked, and then EFA was performed to evaluate the dimensions of the scales. Among these factors, drug effectiveness, physician knowledge and cost sub-dimensions were examined for drug preference. Regarding physicians' sales representatives, sub-dimensions such as social communication, trust, ethical behavior and similarity were examined. Managerial efficiency and reliability sub-dimensions were evaluated for physicians' prescribing company preference, and the sub-dimensions of pharmacoeconomics awareness, pharmacoeconomics knowledge, pharmacoeconomics importance and pharmacoeconomics evaluation were analyzed regarding physicians' pharmacoeconomics knowledge levels. It can be stated in the research that physicians' perceptions of the importance of pharmacoeconomics, cost, effectiveness of the drug, company preference and medical sales representatives are high.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Health Economics Pharmacoeconomics Physician prescribing behavior Health Institutions Management

Kaynakça

  • Ahmed Rizwan Raheem, Vveinhardt Jolita, Streimikiene Dalia and Awais Muhammad (2016). Mediating and Marketing factors influence the prescription behavior of Physicians: An Empirical Investigation. Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 18(41), 153-167.
  • Ahuja Jaya, Gupta Madhur, Gupta Ajay Kumar and Kohli Kamles (2004). Pharmacoeconomics. The National medical journal of India, 17(2), 80-83.
  • Al-Areefi, Mahmoud Abdullah, and Mohamed Azmi Hassali (2013). The role of pharmaceutical marketing and other factors in prescribing decisions: the Yemeni experience. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 9(6), 981-988.
  • Al-Omar Hussain Abdulrahman (2020). Cost-conscious medications-prescribing behavior among physicians working in Saudi Arabia. Arch. Pharm. Pract, 1, 143.
  • Alowi May and Kani Yusuf (2019). Promotion of prescription drugs and its impact on physician’s choice behavior. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Systems, 6, 1-7.
  • Alsultan Mohammed S. (2011). The role of pharmacoeconomics in formulary decision making in different hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 19(1), 51-56.
  • Alt Rainer and Thomas Puschmann (2005). Developing customer process orientation: the case of Pharma Corp. Business Process Management Journal, 11(4), 297-315.
  • Anderson Britta L., Silverman Gabriel K., Loewenstein George F., Zinberg Stanley and Schulkin Jay (2009). Factors associated with physicians’ reliance on pharmaceutical sales representatives. Academic Medicine, 84(8), 994-1002.
  • Avorn Jerry, Milton Chen and Robert Hartley (1982). Scientific versus commercial sources of influence on the prescribing behavior of physicians. The American journal of medicine, 73(1), 4-8.
  • Baltussen Rob, Reiner Leidl and Andre Ament (1999). Real world designs in economic evaluation: bridging the gap between clinical research and policy-making. Pharmacoeconomics, 16, 449-458.
  • Bennett Casey C. and Kris Hauser (2013). Artificial intelligence framework for simulating clinical decision-making: A Markov decision process approach. Artificial intelligence in medicine, 57(1), 9-19.
  • Berndt Ernst R., Bui Linda, Reiley David R. and Urban Glen L. (1995). Information, marketing, and pricing in the US antiulcer drug market. The American economic review, 85(2), 100-105.
  • Beylik Umut, Cirakli Umit, Cetin Murat, Ecevit Eyyup and Senol Osman (2022). The relationship between health expenditure indicators and economic growth in OECD countries: A Driscoll-Kraay approach. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1050550,1-12.
  • Buusman Allan, Andersen Morten, Merrild Camilla and Elverdam Beth (2007). Factors influencing GPs’ choice between drugs in a therapeutic drug group. A qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of primary health care, 25(4), 208-213.
  • Carthy Patricia, Harvey Ian, Brawn, Richard and Watkins Chris (2000). A study of factors associated with cost and variation in prescribing among GPs. Family practice, 17(1), 36-41.
  • Chew Lisa D., O’Young Theresa S., Hazlet Thomas K., Bradley Katharina A., Maynard Charles and Lessler Daniel S. (2000). “A Physician Survey of The Effect of Drug Sample Availability on Physicians’ Behavior”. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 15(7), 478-483.
  • Cockburn Jill and Pit Sabrina (1997). Prescribing behaviour in clinical practice: patients' expectations and doctors' perceptions of patients' expectations—a questionnaire study. Bmj, 315(7107), 520-523.
  • Dawes Martin and Lens Marko B. (2002). Economic evaluation in evidence-based practice. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 3(9), 1239-1243.
  • De Laat Eric, Windmeijer Frank and Douven R. C. M. H. (2002). How does pharmaceutical marketing influence doctors' prescribing behaviour?. Den Haag: CPB. Netherlands.
  • Demirkıran Mustafa, Hekimlerin ilaç reçeteleme davranışlarını etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisan, Ankara,2010.
  • Dhanawade S., S. Pawar, and A. Ghewari (2009). Effective promtional tools for pharmaceutical products in the perception of physicians: an analysis. Ethos, 2(1), 46-56.
  • Ding Min, Eliashberg Jehoshua and Stremersch Stefan (2014). Innovation and marketing in the pharmaceutical industry. International series in quantitative marketing. Business Media New York.
  • Doğancı Buğra İbrahim, Multi dimensional factors on prescription behavior and their impact on prescription behavior, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora, İstanbul, 2015.
  • Donaldson Cam, Vanora Hundley and Emma McIntosh (1996). Using economics alongside clinical trials: why we cannot choose the evaluation technique in advance. Health Economics, 5(3), 267-269.
  • Doubilet Peter, Weinstein Milton C., McNeil Barbara J. (1986). Use and misuse of the term “cost effective” in medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 314(4), 253-256.
  • Drummond Michael F., Sculpher Mark J., Claxton Karl, Stoddart Greg L. and Torrance George W. (2015). Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. Oxford university press.
  • Eldrwish May Alowi, Aigbogun Osaro, Kani Yusuf and Sambasivan Muralli (2022). Attitude towards pharmaceutical promotional tools and its influence on physicians’ prescribing behaviour in Sudan. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, (ahead-of-print),469-489.
  • Etikan Ilker, Sulaiman Abubakar Musa and Rukayya Sunusi Alkassim (2016). “Comparison of Convenience Sampling and Purposive Sampling”. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4.
  • Fickweiler Freek, Ward Fickweiler and Ewout Urbach (2017). Interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry generally and sales representatives specifically and their association with physicians’ attitudes and prescribing habits: a systematic review. BMJ, 7(9), 1-12.
  • Folland Sherman, Goodman Allen C. and Stano Miron (2016). The economics of health and health care: Pearson new international edition. Routledge. 7th Edition.
  • Gallan Andrew (2004). Factors that influence physicians' prescribing of pharmaceuticals: a literature review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management, 16(4), 3-46.
  • Goold Susan Dorr, Tımothy Hofer, Marc Zımmerman, Rodney A. Hayward (1994). Measuring physician attitudes toward cost, uncertainty, malpractice, and utilization review. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 9, 544-549.
  • Gönül Füsun F, Carter Franklin, Petrova Elina and Srinivasan Kannan (2001). Promotion of prescription drugs and its impact on physicians' choice behavior. Journal of Marketing, 65(3), 79-90.
  • Griffin, J. P. and Chew R. B. (1993). Growth in prescription medicines expenditure: a European comparison. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 27(1), 54-55.
  • Gürbüz, Sait (2019). AMOS ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi. Birinci Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin yayıncılık.
  • Hemminki Elina (1975). Review of literature on the factors affecting drug prescribing. Social Science & Medicine , 9(2), 111-115.
  • Hemminki Elina (1976). Factors influencing drug prescribing inquiry into research strategy. Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy, 10(6), 321-329.
  • Hossain Mir, Kawsar Sumaiya, Tanmy Tasmuna Tamrin and Yousuf Abu (2013). Assessment of influencing factors on prescription practices of physicians in Bangladesh. Int Res J Pharm, 4, 112-6.
  • Kabir Sardar, Humayun Maulan Suharni, Manaf Noor Hazilah Abd and Nasir Zaireena Wan (2022). The influence of direct-to-physician promotion towards physicians’ prescription behaviour in Malaysia. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 16(1), 101-122.
  • Kamuhabwa Appolinary, and Sunday Kisoma (2015). Factors influencing prescribing practices of medical practitioners in public and private health facilities in dar es salaam, Tanzania. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 14(11), 2107-2113.
  • Karagöz, Yalçın (2016). Bilimsel Araştırma Teknikler ve Yayın Etiği, Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kasliwal Neeti and Bansal Ipshita (2013). Influence of pharmaceutical promotional tools on doctors prescribing behaviour: an exploratory study. Indian Journal of Marketing, 43(8), 23-34.
  • Katsanis Lea Prevel (2015). Global issues in pharmaceutical marketing. Routledge.
  • Kesselheim Aaron S., Jerry Avorn and Ameet Sarpatwari (2016). The high cost of prescription drugs in the United States: origins and prospects for reform. Jama, 316(8), 858-871.
  • Kianmehr Hamed, Sabounchi Nasim S. Sabounchi Shabnam Seyedzadeh and Cosler Leon E. (2020). A system dynamics model of infection risk, expectations, and perceptions on antibiotic prescribing in the United States. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 26(3), 1054-1064.
  • Lexchin Joel (1993). Interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry: what does the literature say? CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 149(10), 1401-1407.
  • Lundin Douglas (2000). Moral hazard in physician prescription behavior. Journal of health economics, 19(5), 639-662.
  • Manchanda Puneet and Honka Elisabeth (2005). The effects and role of direct-to-physician marketing in the pharmaceutical industry: an integrative review. Yale J. Health Pol'y L. & Ethics, 5, 785,785.
  • McCaffree and Kenneth M. (1968). The economic basis for the development of community mental health programs. Medical Care, 6(4), 286-299.
  • Mintzes Barbara, Lexchin Joel, Sutherland Jason M, Beaulieu Marie-Dominique, Wilkes Michael S., Durrieu Geneviève and Reynolds Ellen (2013). Pharmaceutical sales representatives and patient safety: a comparative prospective study of information quality in Canada, France and the United States. Journal of general internal medicine, 28, 1368-1375.
  • Mooney G. H. and Drummond M. F. (1982). Essentials of health economics: Part I--What is economics?. British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.), 285(6346), 949- 950.
  • Narayan Madhusudan, Birajit Mohanty and Mahesh Kumar (2020). Examining the effect of marketing promotional strategies of pharmaceutical companies on doctors’ prescription behaviour. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 13(10), 4888-4894.
  • Oshikoya Kazeem Adeola, Oreagba Ibrahim, and Olayinka Adeyemi (2011). Sources of drug information and their influence on the prescribing behaviour of doctors in a teaching hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Pan African Medical Journal, 1-9.
  • Özata Musa, Şebnem Aslan ve Mete Mustafa (2008). Rasyonel İlaç Kullanımının Hasta Güvenliğine Etkileri: Hekimlerin Rasyonel İlaç Kullanımına Etki Eden Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (20), 529-542.
  • Parmata Uma Maheswari Devi and Chetla Surya Prakash (2021). Effect of service quality on doctor’s satisfaction and prescribing behavior in pharmaceutical supply chain–a study with reference to a major Indian pharmaceutical company. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 15(2), 173-211.
  • Passalacqua Giovanni, Musarra Antonino, Senna Gianenrico, Bousquet Jean, Ferrara Carmen, Lonati Caterina and Canonica Giorgio Walter (2020). Physicians’ prescribing behaviour and clinical practice patterns for allergic rhinitis management in Italy. Clinical and Molecular Allergy, 18, 1-11.
  • Patel Vimla L., Shortliffe Edward H, Stefanelli Mario, Szolovits Peter, Berthold Michael R., Bellazzi Riccardo, and Abu-Hanna Amen (2009). " The coming of age of artificial intelligence in medicine. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 46.1: 5-17.
  • Pauly Mark V. (1988). Is medical care different? Old questions, new answers. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 13(2), 227-237.
  • Peter Zweifel, Friedrich Breyer, Mathias Kifmann (2009). Health Economics, J Public Health 2-12.
  • Price Simani, O’Donoghue Amie C., Rizzo Lou, Sapru Saloni and Aikin Kathryn J. (2021). What influences healthcare providers’ prescribing decisions? Results from a national survey. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(10), 1770-1779.
  • Rahmner Pia Bastholm, Gustafsson Lars L., Larsson Jan, Rosenqvist Urban, Tomson Göran. and Holmström Inger (2009). Variations in understanding the drug-prescribing process: a qualitative study among Swedish GPs. Family Practice, 26(2), 121-127.
  • Reichert Steven, Todd Simon and Ethan A. Halm (2000). Physicians' attitudes about prescribing and knowledge of the costs of common medications. Archives of internal medicine, 160(18), 2799-2803.
  • Revicki Dennis A. and Lori Frank (1999). Pharmacoeconomic evaluation in the real world: effectiveness versus efficacy studies. Pharmacoeconomics, 15, 423-434.
  • Ryan Mandy, Brian Yule, Christine Bond and Ross J. Taylor (1996). Do physicians’ perceptions of drug costs influence their prescribing?. Pharmacoeconomics, 9, 321-331.
  • Schermelleh-Engel Karin, Helfried Moosbrugger and Hans Müller (2003). “Evaluating The Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures”. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
  • Schumock Glen, Walton Surrey M, Park Hayley Y, Nutescu Edith A, Blackburn Juan C, Finley Jamie M and Lewis Richard K (2004). Factors that influence prescribing decisions. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 38(4), 557-562. Shamim-ul-Haq Saad, Ahmed Rizwan, Ahmad Nawaz, Khoso Imamuddin and Vishnu Parmar (2014). Factors influencing prescription behavior of physicians. The Pharma Innovation Journal, ISSN, 30-35.
  • Simon Gregory E., Psaty Bruce M., Hrachovec Jennifer Berg and Marc Mora Simon (2005). Principles for evidence-based drug formulary policy. Journal of general internal medicine, 20, 964-968.
  • Smith Mickey C. (1991). Pharmaceutical marketing: strategy and cases. CRC Press. USA.
  • Soumerai Stephen B. and Avorn Jerry (1990). “Principles of Educational Outreach ('Academic Detailing') To İmprove Clinical Decision Making”. Jama, 263(4), 549-556.
  • Spiller Lisa D. and Wymer W. Walter (2002). Physicians' responses to marketing strategies of pharmaceutical companies. Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management, 15(1), 15-30.
  • Srivastava, R. K. and Wagh Sadhna (2020). Factors impacting consumer purchase behaviour for pharmaceutical products. International Journal of healthcare management, 13(2), 113-121.
  • Steinman Michael A., Michael G. Shlipak and Stephen J. McPhee (2001). Of principles and pens: attitudes and practices of medicine housestaff toward pharmaceutical industry promotions. The American journal of medicine, 110(7), 551-557. Stinnett Aaron A. and John Mullahy (1998). Net health benefits: a new framework for the analysis of uncertainty in cost-effectiveness analysis. Medical decision making, 18(2_suppl), 68-80.
  • Stratton, Samuel J. (2021). “Population Research: Convenience Sampling Strategies”. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 36(4), 373-374.
  • Taherdoost, Hamed (2016). “Sampling Methods in Research Methodology; How to Choose A Sampling Technique for Research”. How To Choose A Sampling Technique for Research (April 10, 2016). 8-19.
  • Theodorou Mamas, Tsiantou Vasiliki, Pavlakis Andreas, Maniadakis Nikos, Fragoulakis Vasilis, Pavi Elpida and Kyriopoulos John (2009). Factors influencing prescribing behaviour of physicians in Greece and Cyprus: results from a questionnaire based survey. BMC health services research, 9(1), 1-9.
  • Thomas Dixon (2018). Clinical pharmacy education, practice and research: clinical pharmacy, drug information, pharmacovigilance, pharmacoeconomics and clinical research. Elsevier United Kingdom.
  • Torrance George W., Warren H. Thomas and David L. Sackett (1972). A utility maximization model for evaluation of health care programs. Health services research, 7(2), 118.
  • Ubela Peter A., Christopher Jepsond, Jonathan Barone, John C. Hersheye and David A. Asch (2003). The influence of cost-effectiveness information on physicians’ cancer screening recommendations. Social science & medicine, 56(8), 1727-1736.
  • Vandenplas Yannick, Steven Simoens, Philippe Van Wilder, Arnold G. Vulto, Florian Turk and Isabelle Huys (2022). Determinants of prescribing decisions for off-patent biological medicines in Belgium: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 1-17.
  • Yeğenoğlu Selen ve Emre Hale (2004). Farmakoekonomi Alanında Temel Kavramlar Maın Concepts In Pharmacoeconomıcs. J. Fac. Pharm, 33(1), 41-61.
  • Zimmerman Mark, Posternak Michael, Friedman Michael, Attiullah Naureen, Baymiller Scott, Boland Robert, Berlowitz Stacie, Rahman Shahzad, Uy Kristen and Singer Steve (2004). Which factors influence psychiatrists’ selection of antidepressants?. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(7), 1285-1289.
  • Walzak Doris, Susan Swindells and Ajay Bhardwaj (1994). Primary care physicians and the cost of drugs: a study of prescribing practices based on recognition and information sources. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 34(12), 1159-1163.
  • Wei D, C Osman, D Dukhovny, J Romley, M Hall, S Chin, T Ho, P S Friedlich and A Lakshmanan (2016). Cost consciousness among physicians in the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Perinatology, 36(11), 1014-1020.
  • Wright Hilary and Fill Chris (2001). Corporate images, attributes and the UK pharmaceutical industry. Corporate Reputation Review, 4, 99-110.
  • Wright Robert F. and Lundstrom William J. (2004). Physicians' perceptions of pharmaceutical sales representatives: A model for analysing the customer relationship. Journal of medical marketing, 4(1), 29-38.
Toplam 85 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Politika ve Yönetim (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tolgay Ercan 0000-0002-6893-4358

Enis Baha Biçer 0000-0002-1624-4988

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 19 Ocak 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Ocak 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 2 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025

Kaynak Göster

APA Ercan, T., & Biçer, E. B. (2025). HEKİMLERİN FARMAKOEKONOMİ BİLGİ DÜZEYİNİN REÇETELEME DAVRANIŞINA ETKİ EDEN FAKTÖRLERLE İLİŞKİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1508268

Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.