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Kapadokya'da Sıcak Hava Balonu Uçuşları: Ekonomiyi Canlandıracak Bir İş Modeli

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 378 - 393, 08.11.2021

Eyup Atioğlu

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.984188

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Kapadokya'da sıcak hava balon turu deneyimi yaşayan turist sayısının Türkiye'nin uluslararası turizm gelirlerine etkisi ARDL sınır testi ve Granger nedensellik testi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Veri seti, 2015-2019 yılları arasında aylık bazda 60 gözlem içermektedir. Çalışmada, sıcak hava balonu uçuşlarına katılan turist sayısı ile Türkiye'nin uluslararası turizm gelirleri arasında uzun dönemli bir dengeyi ifade eden bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre Kapadokya'da sıcak hava balon turu deneyimi yaşayan turist sayısının Türkiye'nin uluslararası turizm gelirleri üzerinde hem uzun hem de kısa vadede önemli ölçüde olumlu etkisinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca Granger nedensellik testine göre Kapadokya'da sıcak hava balon turuna katılan turist sayısı ile Türkiye'nin uluslararası turizm gelirleri arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sıcak Hava Balonu Turu Uluslararası turizm geliri ARDL yaklaşımı

Kaynakça

  • Adams, W. M., & Infield, M. (2003). Who is on the gorilla’s payroll? Claims on tourist revenue from a Ugandan National Park. World development, 31(1), 177-190. Doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00149-3
  • Allied Market Research, (2020). Adventure tourism market, https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/adventure-tourism-market (Access Date: 23.04.2021)
  • Archabald, K., & Naughton-Treves, L. (2001). Tourism revenue-sharing around national parks in Western Uganda: early efforts to identify and reward local communities. Environmental conservation, 28(2), 135-149. Doi: 10.1017/S0376892901000145
  • Barnes, J. I., Schier, C., & Van Rooy, G. (1999). Tourists' willingness to pay for wildlife viewing and wildlife conservation in Namibia. South African Journal of Wildlife Research-24-month delayed open access, 29(4), 101-111. Doi: 10.10520/EJC117083
  • Bowker, J. M., English, D. B., & Donovan, J. A. (1996). Toward a value for guided rafting on southern rivers. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 28(2), 423-432. Doi: 10.1017/S1074070800007410
  • Brown, R.L., Durbin, J. & Evans, J.M. (1975). Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relationships over time. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 37(2), 149-163. Doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1975.tb01532.x
  • Buckley R. (2003). Adventure tourism and the clothing, fashion and entertainment industries. Journal of Ecotourism 2(2): 126-134. Doi: 10.1080/14724040308668139
  • Buckley R. (2006). Adventure tourism. Wallingford: CAB International
  • Cater C, I, (2006). Playing with risk? Participant perceptions of risk and management implications in adventure tourism. Tourism Management 27(2): 317-325. Doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.005
  • Duffus, D. A., & Dearden, P. (1993). Recreational use, valuation, and management, of killer whales (Orcinus orca) on Canada's Pacific coast. Environmental conservation, 20(2), 149-156. Doi: 10.1017/S0376892900037656
  • Engle R.F. & Granger C.W. J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica, 55, 251–276. Doi: 10.2307/1913236
  • Fix, P., & Loomis, J. (1997). The economic benefits of mountain biking at one of its meccas: An application of the travel cost method to mountain biking in Moab, Utah. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(3), 342-352. Doi: 10.1080/00222216.1997.11949800
  • Granger, C. W., & Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of econometrics, 2(2), 111-120. Doi: 10.1016/0304-4076(74)90034-7
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2003). Basic econometrics. (4. Edition). McGraw-Hill.
  • Hill, B. J. (1995). A guide to adventure travel. Parks & Recreation (Arlington), 30(9), 56-65. Doi: 19961802162
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 231-254. Doi: 10.1016/0165-1889(88)90041-3
  • Johansen, S. (1989). Estimation and hypothesis testing of cointegration vectors in gaussian vector autoregressive models. Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Copenhagen, 1-52. Doi: 10.2307/2938278
  • Johansen, S. and Juselius K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52 (2), 169- 210.
  • Kapadokya Üniversitesi, (2021). Balon uçuş sahasında zipline projesine ilişkin emniyet risklerinin değerlendirilmesi, https://hotairballoon.kapadokya.edu.tr/raporlar-ve-analizler/kapadokya-balon-ucus-sahasinda-zipline-projesine-iliskin-emniyet-risklerinin-degerlendirilmesi (Access Date: 05.05.2021)
  • Marques L. & Cunha C. (2010). Literary rural tourism enterprise: case study evidence from Northern Portugal. Presentation at the ATLAS conference, Limassol, Cyprus, 3-5 November 2010. Doi: 10.1080/19407963.2013.801158
  • McKay, T. (2013). Adventure tourism: opportunities and management challenges for SADC destinations. Acta academica, 45(3), 30-62. Doi: 10520/EJC144233
  • Özen, İ. A., & Özdemir, E. G. (2019). Kapadokya sıcak hava balonculuğu üzerine nitel bir araştırma, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 9(2), 579-595. Doi: 51363/591558
  • Parsons, E. C. M., Warburton, C. A., Woods‐Ballard, A., Hughes, A., & Johnston, P. (2003). The value of conserving whales: the impacts of cetacean‐related tourism on the economy of rural West Scotland. Aquatic conservation: marine and freshwater ecosystems, 13(5), 397-415. Doi: 10.1002/aqc.582
  • Pesaran H., Shin Y. & Smith R. J. (2001). Bound testing approaches to the analysis of long run relationship. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. Doi: 10.1002/jae.616
  • Pine, B. Joseph; Gilmore, James H. (1999). The experience economy, Boston: Harvard Business Review Press
  • Pomfret, G. (2006). Mountaineering adventure tourists: a conceptual framework for research. Tourism management, 27(1), 113-123. Doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2004.08.003
  • Rodenburg E. (1980). The effect of scale in economic development: tourists in Bali. Annals of Tourism Research 7(2): 177-196. Doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(80)90003-1
  • Sekhar, N. U. (2003). Local people's attitudes towards conservation and wildlife tourism around Sariska Tiger Reserve, India. Journal of environmental Management, 69(4), 339-347. Doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.09.002
  • Sevim, K. Ü. L., & Güçer, E. (2019). Determining the leisure satisfaction levels of individuals having hot air balloon ride as an adventurous recreational activity. Journal of multidisciplinary academic tourism, 4(2), 63-69. Doi: 10.31822/jomat.618715
  • Shephard, G., & Evans, S. (2005). Adventure tourism – Hard decisions, soft options and home for tea: Adventure on the hoof. In M. Novelli (Ed.), Niche tourism: Contemporary issues, trends and cases, 201–209. Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7506-6133-1.50026-3
  • SHGM, (2018). SHGM’den turizme önemli katkı: Balon faaliyetlerinde yeni noktalar, http://web.shgm.gov.tr/tr/haberler/5874-shgm (Access Date: 05.05.2021)
  • Sung, H. H. (2000). An analysis of the adventure travel market: From Conceptual Development to Market Segmentation, PhD, Purdue University.
  • Sung, H. H., Morrison, A. M., & O'Leary, J. T. (1996). Definition of adventure travel: Conceptual framework for empirical application from the providers’ perspective. Asia Pacific journal of tourism research, 1(2), 47-67. Doi: 10.1080/10941669708721975
  • Swarbrooke, J., Beard, C., Leckie, S., & Pomfret, G. (2003). Adventure tourism: the new frontier. London: Butterworth-Heinemann. UNWTO, (2014). Global report on adventure tourism, https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/9789284416622, (Accessed: 01.04.2021).
  • Wanhill S. (2000). Small and medium tourism enterprises. Annals of Tourism Research 27(1): 132-147. Doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00072-9
  • Wilkie, D. S., & Carpenter, J. F. (1999). Can nature tourism help finance protected areas in the Congo Basin?. Oryx, 33(4), 332-338. Doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00080.x
  • Williams P & G N Soutar, (2009). Value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions in an adventure tourism context. Annals of Tourism Research 36(3): 413-438. Doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2009.02.002
  • Yetim, A. C. (2017). Determining the benefits of adventure tourism from a providers’ perspective in Fethiye. Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues, 7(1), 2-7.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1990). The psychophysiology of sensation seeking. Journal of personality, 58(1), 313-345. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00918.x
  • Zurick, D. N. (1992). Adventure travel and sustainable tourism in the peripheral economy of Nepal. Annals of the Association of American geographers, 82(4), 608-628. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1992.tb01720.x

Hot Air Balloon Rides in Cappadocia: A Business Model to Stimulate the Economy

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 378 - 393, 08.11.2021

Eyup Atioğlu

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.984188

Öz

In this study, the effect of the number of tourists experiencing hot air balloon rides in Cappadocia on Turkey's international tourism incomes was examined using ARDL bounds test and Granger causality test. The dataset includes 60 observations on a monthly basis between 2015 and 2019. In the study, a cointegration relationship, which expresses a long-term balance between the number of tourists experiencing a hot air balloon ride in Cappadocia and Turkey's international tourism incomes, has been determined. According to the findings of the study, it has been determined that the number of tourists experiencing hot air balloon rides in Cappadocia has a significant positive effect on Turkey's international tourism incomes in both the long and short term. In addition, according to the Granger causality test, a bidirectional causality relationship was determined between the number of tourists experiencing hot air balloon rides in Cappadocia and Turkey's international tourism incomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hot air balloon ride International tourism income ARDL approach

Kaynakça

  • Adams, W. M., & Infield, M. (2003). Who is on the gorilla’s payroll? Claims on tourist revenue from a Ugandan National Park. World development, 31(1), 177-190. Doi: 10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00149-3
  • Allied Market Research, (2020). Adventure tourism market, https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/adventure-tourism-market (Access Date: 23.04.2021)
  • Archabald, K., & Naughton-Treves, L. (2001). Tourism revenue-sharing around national parks in Western Uganda: early efforts to identify and reward local communities. Environmental conservation, 28(2), 135-149. Doi: 10.1017/S0376892901000145
  • Barnes, J. I., Schier, C., & Van Rooy, G. (1999). Tourists' willingness to pay for wildlife viewing and wildlife conservation in Namibia. South African Journal of Wildlife Research-24-month delayed open access, 29(4), 101-111. Doi: 10.10520/EJC117083
  • Bowker, J. M., English, D. B., & Donovan, J. A. (1996). Toward a value for guided rafting on southern rivers. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 28(2), 423-432. Doi: 10.1017/S1074070800007410
  • Brown, R.L., Durbin, J. & Evans, J.M. (1975). Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relationships over time. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 37(2), 149-163. Doi: 10.1111/j.2517-6161.1975.tb01532.x
  • Buckley R. (2003). Adventure tourism and the clothing, fashion and entertainment industries. Journal of Ecotourism 2(2): 126-134. Doi: 10.1080/14724040308668139
  • Buckley R. (2006). Adventure tourism. Wallingford: CAB International
  • Cater C, I, (2006). Playing with risk? Participant perceptions of risk and management implications in adventure tourism. Tourism Management 27(2): 317-325. Doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.005
  • Duffus, D. A., & Dearden, P. (1993). Recreational use, valuation, and management, of killer whales (Orcinus orca) on Canada's Pacific coast. Environmental conservation, 20(2), 149-156. Doi: 10.1017/S0376892900037656
  • Engle R.F. & Granger C.W. J. (1987). Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica, 55, 251–276. Doi: 10.2307/1913236
  • Fix, P., & Loomis, J. (1997). The economic benefits of mountain biking at one of its meccas: An application of the travel cost method to mountain biking in Moab, Utah. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(3), 342-352. Doi: 10.1080/00222216.1997.11949800
  • Granger, C. W., & Newbold, P. (1974). Spurious regressions in econometrics. Journal of econometrics, 2(2), 111-120. Doi: 10.1016/0304-4076(74)90034-7
  • Gujarati, D.N. (2003). Basic econometrics. (4. Edition). McGraw-Hill.
  • Hill, B. J. (1995). A guide to adventure travel. Parks & Recreation (Arlington), 30(9), 56-65. Doi: 19961802162
  • Johansen, S. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 231-254. Doi: 10.1016/0165-1889(88)90041-3
  • Johansen, S. (1989). Estimation and hypothesis testing of cointegration vectors in gaussian vector autoregressive models. Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Copenhagen, 1-52. Doi: 10.2307/2938278
  • Johansen, S. and Juselius K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52 (2), 169- 210.
  • Kapadokya Üniversitesi, (2021). Balon uçuş sahasında zipline projesine ilişkin emniyet risklerinin değerlendirilmesi, https://hotairballoon.kapadokya.edu.tr/raporlar-ve-analizler/kapadokya-balon-ucus-sahasinda-zipline-projesine-iliskin-emniyet-risklerinin-degerlendirilmesi (Access Date: 05.05.2021)
  • Marques L. & Cunha C. (2010). Literary rural tourism enterprise: case study evidence from Northern Portugal. Presentation at the ATLAS conference, Limassol, Cyprus, 3-5 November 2010. Doi: 10.1080/19407963.2013.801158
  • McKay, T. (2013). Adventure tourism: opportunities and management challenges for SADC destinations. Acta academica, 45(3), 30-62. Doi: 10520/EJC144233
  • Özen, İ. A., & Özdemir, E. G. (2019). Kapadokya sıcak hava balonculuğu üzerine nitel bir araştırma, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 9(2), 579-595. Doi: 51363/591558
  • Parsons, E. C. M., Warburton, C. A., Woods‐Ballard, A., Hughes, A., & Johnston, P. (2003). The value of conserving whales: the impacts of cetacean‐related tourism on the economy of rural West Scotland. Aquatic conservation: marine and freshwater ecosystems, 13(5), 397-415. Doi: 10.1002/aqc.582
  • Pesaran H., Shin Y. & Smith R. J. (2001). Bound testing approaches to the analysis of long run relationship. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. Doi: 10.1002/jae.616
  • Pine, B. Joseph; Gilmore, James H. (1999). The experience economy, Boston: Harvard Business Review Press
  • Pomfret, G. (2006). Mountaineering adventure tourists: a conceptual framework for research. Tourism management, 27(1), 113-123. Doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2004.08.003
  • Rodenburg E. (1980). The effect of scale in economic development: tourists in Bali. Annals of Tourism Research 7(2): 177-196. Doi: 10.1016/0160-7383(80)90003-1
  • Sekhar, N. U. (2003). Local people's attitudes towards conservation and wildlife tourism around Sariska Tiger Reserve, India. Journal of environmental Management, 69(4), 339-347. Doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2003.09.002
  • Sevim, K. Ü. L., & Güçer, E. (2019). Determining the leisure satisfaction levels of individuals having hot air balloon ride as an adventurous recreational activity. Journal of multidisciplinary academic tourism, 4(2), 63-69. Doi: 10.31822/jomat.618715
  • Shephard, G., & Evans, S. (2005). Adventure tourism – Hard decisions, soft options and home for tea: Adventure on the hoof. In M. Novelli (Ed.), Niche tourism: Contemporary issues, trends and cases, 201–209. Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7506-6133-1.50026-3
  • SHGM, (2018). SHGM’den turizme önemli katkı: Balon faaliyetlerinde yeni noktalar, http://web.shgm.gov.tr/tr/haberler/5874-shgm (Access Date: 05.05.2021)
  • Sung, H. H. (2000). An analysis of the adventure travel market: From Conceptual Development to Market Segmentation, PhD, Purdue University.
  • Sung, H. H., Morrison, A. M., & O'Leary, J. T. (1996). Definition of adventure travel: Conceptual framework for empirical application from the providers’ perspective. Asia Pacific journal of tourism research, 1(2), 47-67. Doi: 10.1080/10941669708721975
  • Swarbrooke, J., Beard, C., Leckie, S., & Pomfret, G. (2003). Adventure tourism: the new frontier. London: Butterworth-Heinemann. UNWTO, (2014). Global report on adventure tourism, https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/9789284416622, (Accessed: 01.04.2021).
  • Wanhill S. (2000). Small and medium tourism enterprises. Annals of Tourism Research 27(1): 132-147. Doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00072-9
  • Wilkie, D. S., & Carpenter, J. F. (1999). Can nature tourism help finance protected areas in the Congo Basin?. Oryx, 33(4), 332-338. Doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3008.1999.00080.x
  • Williams P & G N Soutar, (2009). Value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions in an adventure tourism context. Annals of Tourism Research 36(3): 413-438. Doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2009.02.002
  • Yetim, A. C. (2017). Determining the benefits of adventure tourism from a providers’ perspective in Fethiye. Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues, 7(1), 2-7.
  • Zuckerman, M. (1990). The psychophysiology of sensation seeking. Journal of personality, 58(1), 313-345. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00918.x
  • Zurick, D. N. (1992). Adventure travel and sustainable tourism in the peripheral economy of Nepal. Annals of the Association of American geographers, 82(4), 608-628. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8306.1992.tb01720.x
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Finans
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Eyup Atioğlu 0000-0001-9460-4822

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Kasım 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Ağustos 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Atioğlu, E. (2021). Hot Air Balloon Rides in Cappadocia: A Business Model to Stimulate the Economy. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 22(2), 378-393. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.984188
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Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.