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Mali Yerelleşme ve Çevre: Yarış Dibe mi Zirveye mi? OECD Ülkelerinden Ampirik Kanıtlar

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 605 - 619, 30.10.2024

Mehmet Avcı , Arınç Boz

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1517034

Öz

Küresel Risk Algılama Anketi verilerine göre kısa ve uzun vadede dünyanın karşılaşacağı en önemli sorunlar arasında gösterilen çevresel sorunlar, kamu maliyesinin sürdürülebilirliği bakımından ciddi bir konu olma özelliğine sahiptir. Mali otoritenin alt idari birimler ile paylaşımını konu edinen mali yerelleşme, genellikle ekonomik büyüme literatürü çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Geleneksel yaklaşıma göre mali yerelleşme ekonomik büyümeye arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki vardır. Yani mali yerelleşme ekonomik büyümeyi artırmaktadır. Buna karşın sürdürülebilir kalkınma kavramının önem kazandığı günümüzde mali yerelleşmenin çevresel etkileri ihmal edilmektedir. Teori mali yerelleşmenin çevresel etkilerini iki hipotez ile açıklamaktadır. Dibe doğru yarış hipotezi mali yerelleşmenin çevresel bozulmayı artırdığını ileri sürerken, zirveye doğru yarış hipotezi ise mali yerelleşmenin çevresel bozulmayı azalttığını savunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada mali yerelleşmenin çevresel bozulma üzerindeki etkisi dibe doğru yarış ve zirveye doğru yarış hipotezleri çerçevesinde 18 OECD ülkesinde 2000-2020 dönemi için eşbütünleşme tekniği ile araştırılmaktadır. OECD ülkeleri genellikle sanayileşmiş ülkeler olup, dünyadaki CO2 salınımında önemli düzeyde etkilere sahiptir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre OECD ülkeleri için harcama yerelleşmesi çevresel bozulmayı artırmaktadır. Bu, OECD ülkelerinde mali yerelleşmenin çevresel etkileri bakımından dibe doğru yarış hipotezinin geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bulguların ortaya çıkmasında OECD ülkelerinde çevresel bozulma ile direkt ilgili ulaşım, kentleşme ve altyapı sektörlerine dönük kamusal harcamaların %55’ini yerel idarelerin gerçekleştiriyor olması muhtemel bir gerekçe olarak gösterilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mali Yerelleşme Çevre Eşbütünleşme OECD

Etik Beyan

Araştırma etik kurul gerektirmeyen bir araştırmadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

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Fiscal Decentralization and Environment: Race to the Bottom or to the Top? Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 605 - 619, 30.10.2024

Mehmet Avcı , Arınç Boz

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1517034

Öz

According to the Global Risks Report Survey data, environmental problems, which are among the most substantial problems that the world will face in the short and long term, are a serious issue in terms of the sustainability of public finances. Fiscal decentralization, which refers to the sharing of fiscal authority with sub-national units, is typically examined within the framework of the economic growth literature. According to the traditional approach, there is a positive relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth. So fiscal decentralization increases economic growth. So fiscal decentralization contributes to economic growth. However, in today's context where the concept of sustainable development has gained importance, the environmental effects of fiscal decentralization are being neglected. The theory explains the environmental effects of fiscal decentralization with two hypotheses. The race to the bottom hypothesis suggests that fiscal decentralization increases environmental degradation, while the race to the top hypothesis argues that fiscal decentralization reduces environmental degradation. In this regard, in this study, the impact of fiscal decentralization on environmental degradation is investigated within the hypotheses of race to the bottom and race to the top for 18 OECD countries during the period 2000-2020 using the cointegration technique. OECD countries are generally industrialized countries and have a significant impact on world CO2 emissions. The findings indicate that expenditure decentralization increases environmental degradation. This suggests that the hypothesis of racing to the bottom is valid concerning the environmental effects of fiscal decentralization in OECD countries. A probable reason for these findings is that local administrations carry out 55% of public expenditures on transportation, urbanization and infrastructure sectors directly related to environmental degradation in OECD countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fiscal Decentralization Environment Cointegration OECD

Kaynakça

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  • Li, X., Younas, M. Z., Andlib, Z., Ullah, S., Sohail, S., & Hafeez, M. (2021). Examining the asymmetric effects of pakistan’s fiscal decentralization on economic growth and environmental quality. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 5666-5681. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10876-z
  • Lingyan, M., Zhao, Z., Malik, H. A., Razzaq, A., An, H., & Hassan, M. (2021). Asymmetric impact of fiscal decentralization and environmental innovation on carbon emissions: Evidence from highly decentralized countries. Energy & Environment, 33(4), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X211018453
  • Liu, F., Feng, J., Zhai, G., & Razzaq, A. (2022). Influence of fiscal decentralization and renewable energy investment on ecological sustainability in EU: What is the moderating role of institutional governance?. Renewable Energy, 200, 1265-1274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.10.036
  • Liu, L., & Li, L. (2019). Effects of fiscal decentralisation on the environment: New evidence from China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(36), 36878-36886. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06818-z
  • Lockwood, B. (2008). Voting, lobbying, and the decentralization theorem. Economics & Politics, 20(3), 416-431. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2008.00340.x
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  • Memon, J.A., Ali, M., & Wang, Y. (2022). Does fiscal decentralization curb the ecological footprint in Pakistan?. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10(964212), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.964212
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  • Mishra, B. R., Arjun & Tiwari, A. K. (2023). Exploring the asymmetric effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth and environmental quality: Evidence from India. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 80192-80209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28009-7
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  • Oates, W. E. (1972). Fiscal federalism. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  • Oates, W. E. (1999). An essay on fiscal federalism. Journal of Economic Literature, 37(3), 1120-1149. https://www.jstor. org/stable/2564874
  • Oates, W. E. (2001). A reconsideration of environmental federalism. Recent Advances in Environmental Economics, Discussion Paper, 01-54, 1-32. https://media.rff.org/ documents/RFF-DP-01-54.pdf
  • Oates, W. E. (2005). Toward a second-generation theory of fiscal federalism. International Tax and Public Finance, 12, 349-373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-005-1619-9
  • Oates, W. E. (2008). On the evolution of fiscal federalism: Theory and institutions. National Tax Journal, 61(2), 313-334. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41790447
  • Oates, W. E., & Portney, P. R. (2003). The political economy of environmental policy. G. M. Mäler, & J. R. Vincent (Ed.), Handbook of environmental economics (s. 325-354) içinde. Elsevier.
  • OECD (2020). Managing environmental and energy transitions for regions and cities. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/f0c6621f-en
  • OECD (2023). Building financial resilience to climate impacts: A framework for governments to manage the risks of losses and damages. OECD Publishing, 1-132. https://www.oecd. org/environment/building-financial-resilience-to-climate-impacts-9e2e1412-en.htm
  • OECD (2024). Localising the SDGs in a changing landscape. OECD Regional Development Papers, 68, 1-46. https://www.oecd.org/cfe/localising-the-sdgs-in-a-changing-landscape-a76810d7-en.htm
  • Olson, M. (1969). The principle of “fiscal equivalence”: The division of responsibilities among different levels of government. The American Economic Review, 59(2), 479-487. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1823700
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels. https://ssrn.com/abstract=572504
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2006). Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panels with a multifactor error structure. Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012. https://doi.org/10.1111 /j.1468- 0262.2006.00692.x
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A simple panel unit root test in the presence of cross‐section dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jae.951
  • Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing slope homogeneity in large panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2007.05. 010
  • Pesaran, M. H., Ullah, A., & Yamagata, T. (2008). A bias‐adjusted LM test of error cross‐section independence. The Econometrics Journal, 11(1), 105-127. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1368-423X.2007.00227.x
  • Prud’homme, R. (1995). The dangers of decentralization. Oxford Journals, 10(2), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/ 10.2.201
  • Qian, Y., & Weingast, B. R. (1997). Federalism as a commitment to preserving market incentives. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11(4), 83-92. https://www.jstor.org/stable/ 2138464
  • Qian, Y., & Roland, G. (1998). Federalism and the soft budget constraint. American Economic Review, 88(5), 1143-1162. https://www.jstor.org/stable/116864
  • Qiao, G., Yang, D., Ahmad, M., & Ahmed, Z. (2022). Modeling for insights: Does fiscal decentralization impede ecological footprint?. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10146), 1-18. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ijerph191610146
  • Rodden, J., Eskeland, G. S., & Litvack, J. I. , (2003). Introduction and overview. J. Rodden, G. S. Eskeland & J. Litvack (Ed.), Fiscal decentralization and the challenge of hard budget constraints (s. 3-31) içinde. London: MIT Press.
  • Safi, A., Wang, Q. S., & Wahab, S. (2022). Revisiting the nexus between fiscal decentralization and environment: Evidence from fiscally decentralized economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(38), 58053-58064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19860-1
  • Satrovic, E., Zafar, M. W., & Suntraruk, P. (2024). Achieving ecological sustainability in European Union: The role of fiscal decentralization and green innovation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141316. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro. 2024.141316
  • Seabright, P. (1996). Accountability and decentralisation in government: An incomplete contracts model. European Economic Review, 40(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/ 0014-2921(95)00055-0
  • Shahzad, F., & Fareed, Z. (2023). Examining the relationship between fiscal decentralization, renewable energy intensity, and carbon footprints in Canada by using the newly constructed bootstrap fourier Granger causality test in quantile”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(2), 4617-4626. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22513-y
  • Shao, S., & Razzaq, A. (2022). Does composite fiscal decentralization reduce trade-adjusted resource consumption through institutional governance, human capital and infrastructure development?. Resources Policy, 79(103034), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022. 103034
  • Su, C. W., Umar, M., & Khan, Z. (2021). Does fiscal decentralization and eco-innovation promote renewable energy consumption? Analyzing the role of political risk. Science of the Total Environment, 751(142220), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142220
  • Sun, Y., Guan, W., Razzaq, A., Shahzad, M., & An, N. B. (2022). Transition towards ecological sustainability through fiscal decentralization, renewable energy and green investment in OECD countries. Renewable Energy, 190, 385-395. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.099
  • Tanzi, V. (1995). Fiscal federalism and decentralization: A review of some efficiency and macroeconomic aspects. M. Bruno & B. Pleskovic (Ed.), Annual conference on development economics (s. 295-316) içinde. Washington: World Bank.
  • Ter-Minassian, T. (1997). Intergovernmental fiscal relations in a macroeconomic perspective: An overview. T. Ter-Minassian (Ed.), Fiscal federalism in theory and practice (s. 3-24) içinde. International Monetary Fund.
  • The Phan, C., Jain, V., Purnomo, E. P., Islam, M. M., Mughal, N., Guerrero, J. W. G., & Ullah, S. (2021). Controlling environmental pollution: Dynamic role of fiscal decentralization in co2 emission in Asian economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 65150-65159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15256-9
  • Tiebout, C. M. (1956). A pure theory of local expenditures. Journal of Political Economy, 64(5), 416-424. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1826343
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  • Udeagha, M. C., & Breitenbach, M. C. (2023). Can fiscal decentralization be the route to the race to zero emissions in South Africa? Fresh policy insights from novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulations approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(16), 46446-46474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25306-z
  • Udeagha, M. C., & Ngepah, N. (2023). Striving towards environmental sustainability in the BRICS economies: The combined influence of fiscal decentralization and environmental innovation. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 30(2), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2022.2123411
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  • Vo, D. H. (2010). The economics of fiscal decentralization. Journal of Economic Surveys, 24(4), 657-679. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6419.2009.00600.x
  • Wallis, J. J., & Oates, W. E. (1988). Decentralization in the public sector: An empirical study of state and local government. H. S. Rosen (Ed.), Fiscal federalism: Quantitative studies (s. 5-32) içinde. University of Chicago Press.
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  • Weingast, B. R. (2009). Second generation fiscal federalism: The implications of fiscal incentives. Journal of Urban Economics, 65(3), 279-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2008.12.005
  • Weingast, B. R. (2014). Second generation fiscal federalism: Political aspects of decentralization and economic development. World Development, 53, 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.01.003
  • Westerlund, J., & Edgerton, D. L. (2007). A panel bootstrap cointegration test. Economics Letters, 97(3), 185-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2007.03.003
  • Westerlund, J. (2008). Panel cointegration tests of the Fisher effect. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 23(2), 193-233. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.967
  • Wu, H., Qiu, Y., Li, X., Fan, M., Wan, K., & Zhang, M. (2023). The drivers of carbon emissions in China: The perspective of fiscal decentralization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 65879-65891. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11356-023-27001-5
  • Xia, J., Li, R. Y. M., Zhan, X., Song, L., & Bai, W. (2022). A study on the impact of fiscal decentralization on carbon emissions with U-shape and regulatory effect. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10(964327), 1-14. https://doi.org /10.3389/fenvs.2022.964327
  • Yuan, R., Li, C., Memon, J. A., Ali, M., & Nawaz, M. A. (2022). The nexus between fiscal decentralization and environmental sustainability in Japan. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10(905461), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022. 905461
  • Zhang, C., Zhou, D., Wang, Q., Ding, H., & Zhao, S. (2022). Will fiscal decentralization stimulate renewable energy development? Evidence from China. Energy Policy, 164(112893), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022. 112893
  • Zhao, L., Shao, K., & Ye, J. (2022). The impact of fiscal decentralization on environmental pollution and the transmission mechanism based on promotion incentive perspective”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(57), 86634-86650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21762-1
Toplam 93 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Politika ve Yönetim (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Avcı 0000-0002-5672-4142

Arınç Boz 0000-0002-4936-1339

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Ekim 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Eylül 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Avcı, M., & Boz, A. (2024). Mali Yerelleşme ve Çevre: Yarış Dibe mi Zirveye mi? OECD Ülkelerinden Ampirik Kanıtlar. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(4), 605-619. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1517034
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