Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Investigation of Generations’ Attitudes, Awareness, and Behaviors Toward Water Consumption in Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 66 - 84, 30.04.2025

Cansu Gökmen Köksal

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1605393

Öz

Water is an essential resource for prosperity; however, increasing pollution and consumption due to population growth have resulted in significant water scarcity. Problems related to water consumption and supply have become one of the main environmental problems that should be managed at the global level nowadays. According to the estimates, the world population will face a severe water shortage by 2050. The current study reveals whether attitudes, awareness levels, norms, and habits regarding water consumption in Türkiye differ by Generations Y and Z and gender. To this end, data were collected from 261 individuals using the online and face-to-face survey methods. The research findings revealed differences between Generations Y and Z in individuals' attitudes toward water conservation, water consumption habits, and frequency of paying attention to the waste of water. The study also demonstrated differences between men and women in attitudes, water consumption habits, and efforts to conserve water. The analysis results showed that Generation Y is more careful and devoted regarding water consumption and tends to exhibit more consistent behavior in terms of turning their attitudes into behavior.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Generations water consumption water conservation sustainability social marketing

Kaynakça

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2),179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Akbulut, Ö., & Capık, C. (2022). Çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizler için örneklem büyüklüğü. Journal of Nursology, 25(2), 111-116. https://doi.org/10.5152/JANHS.2022.970637
  • Akpinar, M. G., Gul, M., Ceylan, R. F., & Gulcan, S. (2018). Evaluation of the factors affecting water-saving attitudes of urban life on the verge of the next century: A case study of the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Journal of Water, Sanitation and hygiene for Development, 8(2), 340-348.
  • Alliance for Water Efficiency. Glossary of Common Water Related Terms, Abbreviations, and Definitions 2010. http://www.allianceforwatere_ciency.org/Glossary.aspx#Def_
  • Altunısık, R., Coskun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Aprile, M. C., & Fiorillo, D. (2017). Water conservation behavior and environmental concerns: Evidence from a representative sample of Italian individuals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 159, 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.036
  • Arbués, F., Garcia-Valiñas, M. Á., & Martinez-Espiñeira, R. (2003). Estimation of residential water demand: a state-of-the-art review. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 32(1), 81-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-5357(03)00005-2
  • Attari, S. Z. (2014). Perceptions of water use. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(14), 5129-5134. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1316402111
  • Barnett, M. J., Jackson-Smith, D., Endter-Wada, J., & Haeffner, M. (2020). A multilevel analysis of the drivers of household water consumption in a semi-arid region. Science of the Total Environment, 712, 136489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136489
  • Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), Water, https://www.cdp.net/en/water?cid=309699438&adgpid=50349551246&itemid=&targid=kwd298029027028&mt=b&loc=9198920&ntwk=g&dev=c&dmod=&adp=&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw1920BhA3EiwAJT3lSZffB5vdqBvINn44p9BiOp7Ns0a6AZObV9DmGZmb6k5jFjES6V6sCxoCwKcQAvD_BwE (July, 2024).
  • Chung, C. H., Chiu, D. K., Ho, K. K., & Au, C. H. (2020). Applying social media to environmental education: is it more impactful than traditional media?. Information Discovery and Delivery, 48(4), 255-266. https://doi.org/10.1108/idd-04-2020-0047
  • Clark, W. A., & Finley, J. C. (2007). Determinants of water conservation intention in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria. Society and natural resources, 20(7), 613-627. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920701216552
  • Corral-Verdugo, V., Bechtel, R. B., & Fraijo-Sing, B. (2003). Environmental beliefs and water conservation: An empirical study. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(3), 247-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00086-5
  • Corral-Verdugo, V., & Frías-Armenta, M. (2006). Personal normative beliefs, antisocial behavior, and residential water conservation. Environment and Behavior, 38(3), 406-421. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916505282272
  • Camur, D., Konyalıoğlu, F. S., Ketrez, G., Güneş, İ. S., & Hasde, M. (2020). Bir üniversitesinin bazı fakültelerinde okuyan öğrencilerin su tüketimi konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışları. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 77(EK-4), 165-178. https://doi.org/ 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2020.97992 Çevre Şehircilik Bakanlığı (ty) chrome-extension://efaidnb mnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/bolu/icerikler/su-201802220831 49.pdf
  • Dang, X., Li, A., Fan, L., & Cui, J. (2024). Resident water conservation behaviors among different age groups in rural areas of the Weibei arid belt, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 456, 142389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142389
  • Dean, A. J., Kneebone, S., Tull, F., Lauren, N., & Smith, L. D. (2021). ‘Stickiness’ of water-saving behaviours: What factors influence whether behaviours are maintained or given up?. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 169, 105531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105531
  • Deloitte. (2022). Striving for balance, advocating for change: The Deloitte Global 2022 Gen Z & Millennial survey.
  • Devlet Su İşleri (DSİ) (2019). Toprak Su kaynakları, Available online: https://dsi.gov.tr/Sayfa/Detay/754 (accessed on 17 Jul 2024).
  • Ding, Z., Jiang, X., Liu, Z., Long, R., Xu, Z., & Cao, Q. (2018). Factors affecting low-carbon consumption behavior of urban residents: A comprehensive review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 132, 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.01.013
  • Dogan, N., & Başokçu, T. O. (2010). İstatistik tutum ölçeği için uygulanan faktör analizi ve aşamalı kümeleme analizi sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 1(2), 65-71.
  • Dursun, İ. (2019). Türkiye’de plastik poşetlerin ücretlendirilmesi uygulamasına yönelik tüketici tepkilerinin belirlenmesi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 427-446. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.609
  • Espejo, J. M. A., Ontaneda, W. I. T., Padilla, N. I. A., & Ochoa-Moreno, W. S. (2021). Water saving practices conditioned by socioeconomic factors: A case study of Ecuadorian households. Journal of Environmental Management, 293, 112818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112818
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage.
  • Fielding, K.S., Thompson, A., Louis, W.R., Warren, C., 2010. Environmental Sustainability: Understanding the Attitudes and Behaviour of Australian Households, AHURI Final Report.
  • Fielding, K. S., Russell, S., Spinks, A., & Mankad, A. (2012). Determinants of household water conservation: The role of demographic, infrastructure, behavior, and psychosocial variables. Water Resources Research, 48(10). https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012398, 2012
  • Gao, L., Wang, S., Li, J., & Li, H. (2017). Application of the extended theory of planned behavior to understand individual’s energy saving behavior in workplaces. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 127, 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.08.030
  • Gezer, A., & Erdem, A. (2018). Su stresi, su kıtlığı ve su tasarrufu hakkında halkın farkındalığının belirlenmesi: Akdeniz Üniversitesi örnek çalışması, Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.408379
  • Gilg, A., & Barr, S. (2006). Behavioural attitudes towards water saving? Evidence from a study of environmental actions. Ecological Economics, 57(3), 400-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecolecon.2005.04.010.
  • Gkargkavouzi, A., Halkos, G., & Matsiori, S. (2019). Environmental behavior in a private-sphere context: Integrating theories of planned behavior and value belief norm, self-identity and habit. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 148, 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.01.039
  • Granda, L., Moya-Fernández, P. J., Soriano-Miras, R. M., & González-Gómez, F. (2024). Pro-environmental behaviour in household water use. A gender perspective. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 10(2), 49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-01027-6
  • Gregory, G. D., & Leo, M. D. (2003). Repeated behavior and environmental psychology: the role of personal involvement and habit formation in explaining water consumption 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(6), 1261-1296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01949.x
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (Global edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Ham, M., Mrčela, D., & Horvat, M. (2016). Insights for measuring environmental awareness. Ekonomski vjesnik: Review of Contemporary Entrepreneurship, Business, and Economic Issues, 29(1), 159-176. Retrieved from https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/ekonomski-vjesnik/ article/view/3661
  • Huang, H. (2016). Media use, environmental beliefs, self-efficacy, and pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2206-2212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.031
  • Jiang, X., Ding, Z., & Liu, R. (2019). Can Chinese residential low-carbon consumption behavior intention be better explained? The role of cultural values. Natural Hazards, 95, 155-171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3461-2
  • Jondeau E., Rockinger M. (2003). Conditional volatility, skewness, and kurtosis: existence, persistence, and comovements. Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control, 27, 1699 – 1737. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1889(02)00079-9
  • Jorgensen, B., Graymore, M., & O'Toole, K. (2009). Household water use behavior: An integrated model. Journal of environmental management, 91(1), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.009
  • Kang, J., Grable, K., Hustvedt, G., & Ahn, M. (2017). Sustainable water consumption: The perspective of Hispanic consumers. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 50, 94-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.02.005
  • Keramitsoglou, K. M., & Tsagarakis, K. P. (2011). Raising effective awareness for domestic water saving: evidence from an environmental educational programme in Greece. Water Policy, 13(6), 828-844. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.103
  • Kılıc, S. (2016). Cronbach'ın alfa güvenirlik katsayısı. Journal of Mood Disorders, 6(1), 47-48. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20160307122823
  • Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior?. Environmental education research, 8(3), 239-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145401
  • Kurz, T., Donaghue, N., & Walker, I. (2005). Utilizing a Social‐Ecological Framework to Promote Water and Energy Conservation: A Field Experiment 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35(6),1281-1300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02171.x
  • Landon, A. C., Kyle, G. T., & Kaiser, R. A. (2017). An augmented norm activation model: The case of residential outdoor water use. Society & Natural Resources, 30(8), 903-918. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2016.1239294
  • Lee, N. R., & Kotler, P. (2019). Social Marketing: Behavior change for social good. Sage Publications. Lyman, R. A. (1992). Peak and off‐peak residential water demand. Water Resources Research, 28(9), 2159-2167. https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01082
  • Mammadli, M. (2023). Factors driving sustainable consumption in Azerbaijan: Comparison of generation X, generation Y and generation Z. Sustainability, 15(20), 15159. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152015159
  • Martinho, G., Balaia, N., & Pires, A. (2017). The Portuguese plastic carrier bag tax: The effects on consumers’ behavior. Waste management, 61, 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.023
  • McKenzie-Mohr, D. (2011). Fostering Sustainable Behavior: An Introduction to Community-based Social Marketing. New society publishers.
  • Milano, M., Ruelland, D., Fernandez, S., Dezetter, A., Fabre, J., Servat, E., ... & Thivet, G. (2013). Current state of Mediterranean water resources and future trends under climatic and anthropogenic changes. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58(3), 498-518. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.774458
  • Mohamed, H. I., Ali, N. A., & Abdel-Hafez, E. A. (2024). Egyptians Awareness towards Domestic Water Conservation and Reuse. Desalination and Water Treatment, 100422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100422
  • Muluk, Ç. B., Kurt, B., Turak, A., Türker, A., Çalışkan, M. A., Balkız, Ö., ... & Zeydanlı, U. (2013). Türkiye’de suyun durumu ve su yönetiminde yeni yaklaşımlar: çevresel perspektif. İş Dünyası ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Derneği-Doğa Koruma Merkezi, 8(9).
  • Muñoz, B., Monzon, A., & López, E. (2016). Transition to a cyclable city: Latent variables affecting bicycle commuting. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 84, 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.10.006
  • Palamuleni, L. G., Plessis, Y. D., & Bakuwa, R. C. (2022). Response to Water Scarcity: Gender Analysis of the Motivation Factors Toward Water Conservation Behavior in the Workplace. Frontiers in Water, 4, 930681. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.930681
  • Patsiaouras, G. (2024). Turning the invisible into the visible: exploring consumers’ perceptions towards sustainable water consumption. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 27(1), 61-82. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-08-2022-0139
  • Pradhananga, A. K., & Davenport, M. A. (2022). I Believe I Can and Should”: Self‐efficacy, Normative Beliefs and Conservation Behavior. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 175(1), 15-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3370.x
  • Randolph, B., & Troy, P. (2008). Attitudes to conservation and water consumption. Environmental science & policy, 11(5), 441-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2008.03.003
  • Robelia, B. A., Greenhow, C., & Burton, L. (2011). Environmental learning in online social networks: Adopting environmentally responsible behaviors. Environmental education research, 17(4),553-575. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2011.565118
  • Robins, A. (2023). Son 10 yılın en düşük seviyesine düşen İstanbul’un su kaynakları bir gün tamamen tükenebilir mi?, (Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles /czq0x9p3ywlo) (October 31, 2023).
  • Rodriguez-Sanchez, C., & Sarabia-Sanchez, F. J. (2020). Does water context matter in water conservation decision behaviour?. Sustainability, 12(7), 3026. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12073026
  • Russell, S. V., & Knoeri, C. (2019). Exploring the psychosocial and behavioural determinants of household water conservation and intention. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 36(6), 940–955. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2019.1638230
  • Sarabia-Sánchez, F. J., Rodríguez-Sánchez, C., & Hyder, A. (2014). The role of personal involvement, credibility and efficacy of conduct in reported water conservation behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 38, 206-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.02.003
  • Savari, M., Mombeni, A. S., & Izadi, H. (2022). Socio-psychological determinants of Iranian rural households' adoption of water consumption curtailment behaviors. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 13077. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17560-x
  • Schultz, P. W. (2002). Knowledge, information, and household recycling: Examining the knowledge-deficit model of behavior change. In T. Dietz & P. Stern (Eds.), New tools for environmental protection: Education, information, and voluntary measures (pp. 67-82). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative influences on altruism. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 10, pp. 221-279). New York: Academic Press.
  • Si, W., Jiang, C., & Meng, L. (2022). The relationship between environmental awareness, habitat quality, and community residents’ pro-environmental behavior—mediated effects model analysis based on social capital. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 13253. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013253
  • Simsek, H. G. (2023). Manisa’daki Yetişkinlerin Su Tüketim Davranışları ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 6(4), 1283-1298. https://doi.org/ 10.35341/afet.1302335
  • Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of environmental psychology, 29(3), 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.10.004
  • Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., & Kalof, L. (1993). Value orientations, gender, and environmental concern. Environment and behavior, 25(5), 322-348. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916593255002
  • Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Human ecology review, 81-97. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24707060
  • Syme, G. J., Seligman, C., & Thomas, J. F. (1991). Predicting water consumption from homeowners’ attitudes. Journal of Environmental Systems, 20(2), 157-168. https://doi.org/ 10.2190/FNV4-VCV2-L1T9-4R62
  • Tijs, M. S., Karremans, J. C., Veling, H., de Lange, M. A., van Meegeren, P., & Lion, R. (2017). Saving water to save the environment: contrasting the effectiveness of environmental and monetary appeals in a residential water saving intervention. Social Influence, 12(2–3), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2017.1333967
  • Tong, Y., Fan, L., & Niu, H. (2017). Water conservation awareness and practices in households receiving improved water supply: A gender-based analysis. Journal of cleaner production, 141, 947-955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.169
  • Tonglet, M., Phillips, P. S., & Read, A. D. (2004). Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour to investigate the determinants of recycling behaviour: a case study from Brixworth, UK. Resources, conservation and recycling, 41(3), 191-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2003.11.001
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) (2023). Su ve Atıksu İstatistikleri, 2022. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index? p=Su-ve-Atiksu-Istatistikleri-2022-49607
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) (2022) Women in Statistics. Available online: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten /Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Kadin-2022-49668
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) (2019). Belediye Su İstatistikleri, 2018. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Belediye-Su-Istatis tikleri-2018-30668
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Programme 2024. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2024: water for prosperity and peace; facts, figures and action examples, France. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000388950/
  • Warner, L. A., Chaudhary, A. K., & Galindo-Gonzalez, S. (2016). Extension participants and nonparticipants differ in water conservation normative beliefs, intentions, and behaviors. HortTechnology, 26(6), 852-861. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH03484-16
  • Willis, R. M., Stewart, R. A., Panuwatwanich, K., Williams, P. R., & Hollingsworth, A. L. (2011). Quantifying the influence of environmental and water conservation attitudes on household end use water consumption. Journal of environmental management, 92(8), 1996-2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.023
  • World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) (2024). Bugün Dünya Limit Aşım Günü: Sürdürülebilir bir Dünya Mümkün. https://www.wwf.org.tr/?14920/limit-asim-gunu-2024
  • Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2016). Young consumers' intention towards buying green products in a developing nation: Extending the theory of planned behavior. Journal of cleaner production, 135, 732-739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.120
  • Zehnder, A. J., Yang, H., & Schertenleib, R. (2003). Water issues: the need for action at different levels. Aquatic sciences, 65, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s000270300000
  • Zelezny, L. C., Chua, P. P., & Aldrich, C. (2000). New ways of thinking about environmentalism: Elaborating on gender differences in environmentalism. Journal of Social issues, 56(3), 443-457.

Türkiye'de Kuşakların Su Tüketimine Yönelik Tutum, Farkındalık ve Davranışlarının Araştırılması

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 66 - 84, 30.04.2025

Cansu Gökmen Köksal

https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1605393

Öz

Su, refah için hayati bir kaynaktır, ancak nüfus artışı nedeniyle artan kirlilik ve tüketim önemli su kıtlığına yol açmıştır. Su tüketimi ve su arzı ile ilgili sorunlar bugün küresel düzeyde yönetilmesi gereken başlıca çevresel sorunlardan biri haline gelmiştir. Tahminler dünya nüfusunun 2050 yılına kadar ciddi bir su kıtlığı ile karşı karşıya kalacağını öngörmektedir. Bu çalışma Türkiye 'de su tüketimine ilişkin tutumların, farkındalık düzeyinin, normların ve su tüketimine ilişkin alışkanlıklarla ilgili Y ve Z kuşaklarına göre ve cinsiyete göre farklılık sergileyip sergilemediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu amaçla 261 kişiden çevrimiçi ve yüz yüze anket yöntemi ile veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları bireylerin suyun korunmasına ilişkin tutumlarının, su tüketimine ilişkin alışkanlıklarının, su israfına dikkat etme sıklıklarının Y ve Z jenerasyonları arasındaki farklılıkları ortaya koydu. Aynı zamanda tutumların, su tüketimine ilişkin alışkanlıkların ve su tasarrufuna ilişkin çabanın erkek ve kadınlar arasındaki farklılıklarını ortaya koymuştur. Analiz sonuçları Y jenerasyonunun su tüketimi konusunda daha dikkatli ve özverili olduğu ve sahip olduğu tutumların davranışa dönüşmesi konusunda daha tutarlı davranış gösterme eğiliminde olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Jenerasyonlar su tüketimi suyun korunması sürdürülebilirlik sosyal pazarlama

Kaynakça

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2),179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Akbulut, Ö., & Capık, C. (2022). Çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizler için örneklem büyüklüğü. Journal of Nursology, 25(2), 111-116. https://doi.org/10.5152/JANHS.2022.970637
  • Akpinar, M. G., Gul, M., Ceylan, R. F., & Gulcan, S. (2018). Evaluation of the factors affecting water-saving attitudes of urban life on the verge of the next century: A case study of the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Journal of Water, Sanitation and hygiene for Development, 8(2), 340-348.
  • Alliance for Water Efficiency. Glossary of Common Water Related Terms, Abbreviations, and Definitions 2010. http://www.allianceforwatere_ciency.org/Glossary.aspx#Def_
  • Altunısık, R., Coskun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2012). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık.
  • Aprile, M. C., & Fiorillo, D. (2017). Water conservation behavior and environmental concerns: Evidence from a representative sample of Italian individuals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 159, 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.036
  • Arbués, F., Garcia-Valiñas, M. Á., & Martinez-Espiñeira, R. (2003). Estimation of residential water demand: a state-of-the-art review. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 32(1), 81-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-5357(03)00005-2
  • Attari, S. Z. (2014). Perceptions of water use. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(14), 5129-5134. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1316402111
  • Barnett, M. J., Jackson-Smith, D., Endter-Wada, J., & Haeffner, M. (2020). A multilevel analysis of the drivers of household water consumption in a semi-arid region. Science of the Total Environment, 712, 136489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136489
  • Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), Water, https://www.cdp.net/en/water?cid=309699438&adgpid=50349551246&itemid=&targid=kwd298029027028&mt=b&loc=9198920&ntwk=g&dev=c&dmod=&adp=&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw1920BhA3EiwAJT3lSZffB5vdqBvINn44p9BiOp7Ns0a6AZObV9DmGZmb6k5jFjES6V6sCxoCwKcQAvD_BwE (July, 2024).
  • Chung, C. H., Chiu, D. K., Ho, K. K., & Au, C. H. (2020). Applying social media to environmental education: is it more impactful than traditional media?. Information Discovery and Delivery, 48(4), 255-266. https://doi.org/10.1108/idd-04-2020-0047
  • Clark, W. A., & Finley, J. C. (2007). Determinants of water conservation intention in Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria. Society and natural resources, 20(7), 613-627. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920701216552
  • Corral-Verdugo, V., Bechtel, R. B., & Fraijo-Sing, B. (2003). Environmental beliefs and water conservation: An empirical study. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(3), 247-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00086-5
  • Corral-Verdugo, V., & Frías-Armenta, M. (2006). Personal normative beliefs, antisocial behavior, and residential water conservation. Environment and Behavior, 38(3), 406-421. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916505282272
  • Camur, D., Konyalıoğlu, F. S., Ketrez, G., Güneş, İ. S., & Hasde, M. (2020). Bir üniversitesinin bazı fakültelerinde okuyan öğrencilerin su tüketimi konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışları. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 77(EK-4), 165-178. https://doi.org/ 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2020.97992 Çevre Şehircilik Bakanlığı (ty) chrome-extension://efaidnb mnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/bolu/icerikler/su-201802220831 49.pdf
  • Dang, X., Li, A., Fan, L., & Cui, J. (2024). Resident water conservation behaviors among different age groups in rural areas of the Weibei arid belt, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 456, 142389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142389
  • Dean, A. J., Kneebone, S., Tull, F., Lauren, N., & Smith, L. D. (2021). ‘Stickiness’ of water-saving behaviours: What factors influence whether behaviours are maintained or given up?. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 169, 105531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105531
  • Deloitte. (2022). Striving for balance, advocating for change: The Deloitte Global 2022 Gen Z & Millennial survey.
  • Devlet Su İşleri (DSİ) (2019). Toprak Su kaynakları, Available online: https://dsi.gov.tr/Sayfa/Detay/754 (accessed on 17 Jul 2024).
  • Ding, Z., Jiang, X., Liu, Z., Long, R., Xu, Z., & Cao, Q. (2018). Factors affecting low-carbon consumption behavior of urban residents: A comprehensive review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 132, 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.01.013
  • Dogan, N., & Başokçu, T. O. (2010). İstatistik tutum ölçeği için uygulanan faktör analizi ve aşamalı kümeleme analizi sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 1(2), 65-71.
  • Dursun, İ. (2019). Türkiye’de plastik poşetlerin ücretlendirilmesi uygulamasına yönelik tüketici tepkilerinin belirlenmesi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(1), 427-446. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.609
  • Espejo, J. M. A., Ontaneda, W. I. T., Padilla, N. I. A., & Ochoa-Moreno, W. S. (2021). Water saving practices conditioned by socioeconomic factors: A case study of Ecuadorian households. Journal of Environmental Management, 293, 112818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112818
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Sage.
  • Fielding, K.S., Thompson, A., Louis, W.R., Warren, C., 2010. Environmental Sustainability: Understanding the Attitudes and Behaviour of Australian Households, AHURI Final Report.
  • Fielding, K. S., Russell, S., Spinks, A., & Mankad, A. (2012). Determinants of household water conservation: The role of demographic, infrastructure, behavior, and psychosocial variables. Water Resources Research, 48(10). https://doi.org/10.1029/2012WR012398, 2012
  • Gao, L., Wang, S., Li, J., & Li, H. (2017). Application of the extended theory of planned behavior to understand individual’s energy saving behavior in workplaces. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 127, 107-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.08.030
  • Gezer, A., & Erdem, A. (2018). Su stresi, su kıtlığı ve su tasarrufu hakkında halkın farkındalığının belirlenmesi: Akdeniz Üniversitesi örnek çalışması, Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.21324/dacd.408379
  • Gilg, A., & Barr, S. (2006). Behavioural attitudes towards water saving? Evidence from a study of environmental actions. Ecological Economics, 57(3), 400-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecolecon.2005.04.010.
  • Gkargkavouzi, A., Halkos, G., & Matsiori, S. (2019). Environmental behavior in a private-sphere context: Integrating theories of planned behavior and value belief norm, self-identity and habit. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 148, 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.01.039
  • Granda, L., Moya-Fernández, P. J., Soriano-Miras, R. M., & González-Gómez, F. (2024). Pro-environmental behaviour in household water use. A gender perspective. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 10(2), 49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-01027-6
  • Gregory, G. D., & Leo, M. D. (2003). Repeated behavior and environmental psychology: the role of personal involvement and habit formation in explaining water consumption 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(6), 1261-1296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01949.x
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (Global edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Ham, M., Mrčela, D., & Horvat, M. (2016). Insights for measuring environmental awareness. Ekonomski vjesnik: Review of Contemporary Entrepreneurship, Business, and Economic Issues, 29(1), 159-176. Retrieved from https://hrcak.srce.hr/ojs/index.php/ekonomski-vjesnik/ article/view/3661
  • Huang, H. (2016). Media use, environmental beliefs, self-efficacy, and pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2206-2212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.031
  • Jiang, X., Ding, Z., & Liu, R. (2019). Can Chinese residential low-carbon consumption behavior intention be better explained? The role of cultural values. Natural Hazards, 95, 155-171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3461-2
  • Jondeau E., Rockinger M. (2003). Conditional volatility, skewness, and kurtosis: existence, persistence, and comovements. Journal of Economic Dynamics & Control, 27, 1699 – 1737. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1889(02)00079-9
  • Jorgensen, B., Graymore, M., & O'Toole, K. (2009). Household water use behavior: An integrated model. Journal of environmental management, 91(1), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.08.009
  • Kang, J., Grable, K., Hustvedt, G., & Ahn, M. (2017). Sustainable water consumption: The perspective of Hispanic consumers. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 50, 94-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.02.005
  • Keramitsoglou, K. M., & Tsagarakis, K. P. (2011). Raising effective awareness for domestic water saving: evidence from an environmental educational programme in Greece. Water Policy, 13(6), 828-844. https://doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.103
  • Kılıc, S. (2016). Cronbach'ın alfa güvenirlik katsayısı. Journal of Mood Disorders, 6(1), 47-48. https://doi.org/10.5455/jmood.20160307122823
  • Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior?. Environmental education research, 8(3), 239-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620220145401
  • Kurz, T., Donaghue, N., & Walker, I. (2005). Utilizing a Social‐Ecological Framework to Promote Water and Energy Conservation: A Field Experiment 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35(6),1281-1300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02171.x
  • Landon, A. C., Kyle, G. T., & Kaiser, R. A. (2017). An augmented norm activation model: The case of residential outdoor water use. Society & Natural Resources, 30(8), 903-918. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2016.1239294
  • Lee, N. R., & Kotler, P. (2019). Social Marketing: Behavior change for social good. Sage Publications. Lyman, R. A. (1992). Peak and off‐peak residential water demand. Water Resources Research, 28(9), 2159-2167. https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01082
  • Mammadli, M. (2023). Factors driving sustainable consumption in Azerbaijan: Comparison of generation X, generation Y and generation Z. Sustainability, 15(20), 15159. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152015159
  • Martinho, G., Balaia, N., & Pires, A. (2017). The Portuguese plastic carrier bag tax: The effects on consumers’ behavior. Waste management, 61, 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.023
  • McKenzie-Mohr, D. (2011). Fostering Sustainable Behavior: An Introduction to Community-based Social Marketing. New society publishers.
  • Milano, M., Ruelland, D., Fernandez, S., Dezetter, A., Fabre, J., Servat, E., ... & Thivet, G. (2013). Current state of Mediterranean water resources and future trends under climatic and anthropogenic changes. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58(3), 498-518. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.774458
  • Mohamed, H. I., Ali, N. A., & Abdel-Hafez, E. A. (2024). Egyptians Awareness towards Domestic Water Conservation and Reuse. Desalination and Water Treatment, 100422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100422
  • Muluk, Ç. B., Kurt, B., Turak, A., Türker, A., Çalışkan, M. A., Balkız, Ö., ... & Zeydanlı, U. (2013). Türkiye’de suyun durumu ve su yönetiminde yeni yaklaşımlar: çevresel perspektif. İş Dünyası ve Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Derneği-Doğa Koruma Merkezi, 8(9).
  • Muñoz, B., Monzon, A., & López, E. (2016). Transition to a cyclable city: Latent variables affecting bicycle commuting. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 84, 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.10.006
  • Palamuleni, L. G., Plessis, Y. D., & Bakuwa, R. C. (2022). Response to Water Scarcity: Gender Analysis of the Motivation Factors Toward Water Conservation Behavior in the Workplace. Frontiers in Water, 4, 930681. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.930681
  • Patsiaouras, G. (2024). Turning the invisible into the visible: exploring consumers’ perceptions towards sustainable water consumption. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 27(1), 61-82. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-08-2022-0139
  • Pradhananga, A. K., & Davenport, M. A. (2022). I Believe I Can and Should”: Self‐efficacy, Normative Beliefs and Conservation Behavior. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 175(1), 15-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2021.3370.x
  • Randolph, B., & Troy, P. (2008). Attitudes to conservation and water consumption. Environmental science & policy, 11(5), 441-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2008.03.003
  • Robelia, B. A., Greenhow, C., & Burton, L. (2011). Environmental learning in online social networks: Adopting environmentally responsible behaviors. Environmental education research, 17(4),553-575. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2011.565118
  • Robins, A. (2023). Son 10 yılın en düşük seviyesine düşen İstanbul’un su kaynakları bir gün tamamen tükenebilir mi?, (Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles /czq0x9p3ywlo) (October 31, 2023).
  • Rodriguez-Sanchez, C., & Sarabia-Sanchez, F. J. (2020). Does water context matter in water conservation decision behaviour?. Sustainability, 12(7), 3026. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12073026
  • Russell, S. V., & Knoeri, C. (2019). Exploring the psychosocial and behavioural determinants of household water conservation and intention. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 36(6), 940–955. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2019.1638230
  • Sarabia-Sánchez, F. J., Rodríguez-Sánchez, C., & Hyder, A. (2014). The role of personal involvement, credibility and efficacy of conduct in reported water conservation behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 38, 206-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.02.003
  • Savari, M., Mombeni, A. S., & Izadi, H. (2022). Socio-psychological determinants of Iranian rural households' adoption of water consumption curtailment behaviors. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 13077. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17560-x
  • Schultz, P. W. (2002). Knowledge, information, and household recycling: Examining the knowledge-deficit model of behavior change. In T. Dietz & P. Stern (Eds.), New tools for environmental protection: Education, information, and voluntary measures (pp. 67-82). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative influences on altruism. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 10, pp. 221-279). New York: Academic Press.
  • Si, W., Jiang, C., & Meng, L. (2022). The relationship between environmental awareness, habitat quality, and community residents’ pro-environmental behavior—mediated effects model analysis based on social capital. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 13253. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013253
  • Simsek, H. G. (2023). Manisa’daki Yetişkinlerin Su Tüketim Davranışları ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 6(4), 1283-1298. https://doi.org/ 10.35341/afet.1302335
  • Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2009). Encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: An integrative review and research agenda. Journal of environmental psychology, 29(3), 309-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.10.004
  • Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., & Kalof, L. (1993). Value orientations, gender, and environmental concern. Environment and behavior, 25(5), 322-348. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916593255002
  • Stern, P. C., Dietz, T., Abel, T., Guagnano, G. A., & Kalof, L. (1999). A value-belief-norm theory of support for social movements: The case of environmentalism. Human ecology review, 81-97. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24707060
  • Syme, G. J., Seligman, C., & Thomas, J. F. (1991). Predicting water consumption from homeowners’ attitudes. Journal of Environmental Systems, 20(2), 157-168. https://doi.org/ 10.2190/FNV4-VCV2-L1T9-4R62
  • Tijs, M. S., Karremans, J. C., Veling, H., de Lange, M. A., van Meegeren, P., & Lion, R. (2017). Saving water to save the environment: contrasting the effectiveness of environmental and monetary appeals in a residential water saving intervention. Social Influence, 12(2–3), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2017.1333967
  • Tong, Y., Fan, L., & Niu, H. (2017). Water conservation awareness and practices in households receiving improved water supply: A gender-based analysis. Journal of cleaner production, 141, 947-955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.169
  • Tonglet, M., Phillips, P. S., & Read, A. D. (2004). Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour to investigate the determinants of recycling behaviour: a case study from Brixworth, UK. Resources, conservation and recycling, 41(3), 191-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2003.11.001
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) (2023). Su ve Atıksu İstatistikleri, 2022. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index? p=Su-ve-Atiksu-Istatistikleri-2022-49607
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) (2022) Women in Statistics. Available online: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten /Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Kadin-2022-49668
  • Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) (2019). Belediye Su İstatistikleri, 2018. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Belediye-Su-Istatis tikleri-2018-30668
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Programme 2024. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2024: water for prosperity and peace; facts, figures and action examples, France. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000388950/
  • Warner, L. A., Chaudhary, A. K., & Galindo-Gonzalez, S. (2016). Extension participants and nonparticipants differ in water conservation normative beliefs, intentions, and behaviors. HortTechnology, 26(6), 852-861. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH03484-16
  • Willis, R. M., Stewart, R. A., Panuwatwanich, K., Williams, P. R., & Hollingsworth, A. L. (2011). Quantifying the influence of environmental and water conservation attitudes on household end use water consumption. Journal of environmental management, 92(8), 1996-2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.023
  • World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) (2024). Bugün Dünya Limit Aşım Günü: Sürdürülebilir bir Dünya Mümkün. https://www.wwf.org.tr/?14920/limit-asim-gunu-2024
  • Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2016). Young consumers' intention towards buying green products in a developing nation: Extending the theory of planned behavior. Journal of cleaner production, 135, 732-739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.120
  • Zehnder, A. J., Yang, H., & Schertenleib, R. (2003). Water issues: the need for action at different levels. Aquatic sciences, 65, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s000270300000
  • Zelezny, L. C., Chua, P. P., & Aldrich, C. (2000). New ways of thinking about environmentalism: Elaborating on gender differences in environmentalism. Journal of Social issues, 56(3), 443-457.
Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Cansu Gökmen Köksal 0000-0001-9139-0451

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 2 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Gökmen Köksal, C. (2025). Investigation of Generations’ Attitudes, Awareness, and Behaviors Toward Water Consumption in Türkiye. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 26(2), 66-84. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1605393
 Kapak Resmi İndir

Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.